Leopoldstädter Tempel
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The Leopoldstädter Tempel, also known as the Israelitische Bethaus in der Wiener Vorstadt Leopoldstadt, (lit. "Israelite prayer house in the Vienna suburb of Leopoldstadt") was a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Tempelgasse 5, in Leopoldstadt, in the 2nd district of Vienna, Austria. Completed in 1858, the synagogue was destroyed as a result of Kristallnacht. A monument marks the location of the former synagogue.
History
The congregation was established in c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Designed by Ludwig Förster in the Moorish Revival style, the synagogue was completed in 1858 and was the largest synagogue in Vienna. Fuerster's design incorporated spaces for 2,240 sitting and 1,500 standing worshipers. The complex included a mikveh, meeting room and lodging for community officials.[1] The tripartite façade of the Leopoldstädter, with its tall central section flanked by lower wings on each side,[2] became the model for numerous Moorish Revival synagogues, including the Choral Temple in Bucharest, which has an almost identical main façade; and several other synagogues.[3]
This temple was destroyed during Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938.
A monument marks the location of the former synagogue, together with a memorial plaque that reads in German (and Hebrew):[4]
translated as:
Design influence
The Tempel, which housed a prestigiousScript error: No such module "Unsubst". congregation in the capital of the Austrian Empire, inspired the construction of several other synagogues in the Moorish Revival style. Some are designed similarly to Förster's building, with a flat façade and roof, tripartite massing with a large central block, symmetrical decorative minarets, and internal basilica plan with balconies.[3]
The design of the following synagogues were influenced by Förster's design of the Leopoldstädter Tempel:[3]
- Sofia Synagogue, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Zagreb Synagogue, Croatia
- Spanish Synagogue, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest, Hungary
- Vercelli Synagogue, Vercelli, Italy
- Tempel Synagogue, Kraków, Poland
- Choral Temple, Bucharest, Romania
- Grand Synagogue of Edirne, Turkey
- Brodsky Choral Synagogue, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Great Choral Synagogue, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Plum Street Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Notable members
- Josef Goldstein, a former cantor at the synagogue
- Moritz Güdemann, a former rabbi at the synagogue
- Adolf Jellinek, a former rabbi at the synagogue
- Israel Taglicht, a former rabbi at the synagogue
Memorials
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Memorial plaque at the site of the synagogue
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Memorial mosaic at Tempelgasse
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Monument showing the size of the synagogue
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See also
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References
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External links
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- 1810s establishments in the Austrian Empire
- 1938 disestablishments in Austria
- 19th-century synagogues in Europe
- Buildings and structures demolished in 1938
- Buildings and structures in Leopoldstadt
- Former synagogues in Vienna
- Jewish organizations established in the 1810s
- Moorish Revival architecture in Austria
- Moorish Revival synagogues
- Synagogues completed in 1858
- Synagogues destroyed during Kristallnacht (Austria)