Legislative Yuan elections
Template:Short description In Taiwan, parliamentary elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan. The current electoral system was introduced in 2008. The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and abolished the National Assembly, originally another governmental organ equivalent to a chamber of parliament.
Current electoral system
Members are elected by parallel voting:
- 73 members by first-past-the-post in single-member districts
- 6 by single non-transferable voting in multi-member districts, exclusive for persons with indigenous status
- 34 by party-list proportional representation voting
Single-member constituencies
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party's scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union."[1]
Under Articles 35 and 37 of the Template:Ill, the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population density. Demographic data is obtained by investigation of household registration and should be compiled two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators end. The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries, then submits any proposed alterations to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement.
Indigenous districts
Six seats are reserved for indigenous peoples. They are elected by single non-transferable vote in two 3-member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively. This system did not fulfil the promise in the treaty-like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan, where each of the 13 recognised indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat, and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished.
Party-list
Seats are allocated using the largest remainder method with the Hare quota which, with 34 seats, is 2.9412%. A party's vote share must exceed a threshold of 5% to win any seats. Votes for parties which do not pass the threshold are first excluded. The vote share for the remaining parties are calculated. A party is allocated one seat for every 2.9412% of votes. The remaining seats are allocated in succession to the party with the largest remainder.
For each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female. Therefore, with an odd number of seats, females will always outnumber males.
Parliamentary elections since 1991
| Year | Chamber Order |
Seat composition | Political parties by popular vote | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Constituency | Party list | Seats | |||||
| 1991 | NA | 2 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 6,053,366 | Refer to constituency |
254 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 2,036,271 | 66 | |||||
| Democratic Nonpartisan Union | 193,234 | 3 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 253,032 | — | 2 | ||||
| 1992 | LY | 2 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 5,030,725 | Refer to constituency |
95 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 2,944,195 | 51 | |||||
| Chinese Social Democratic | 126,213 | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 1,331,555 | — | 14 | ||||
| 1995 | LY | 3 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 4,349,089 | Refer to constituency |
85 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 3,132,156 | 54 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New | 1,222,931 | 21 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 730,529 | — | 4 | ||||
| 1996 | NA | 3 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 5,180,829 | Refer to constituency |
183 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 3,112,736 | 99 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New | 1,425,896 | 46 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Green Party Taiwan | 113,942 | 1 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 572,961 | — | 5 | ||||
| 1998 | LY | 4 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 4,659,679 | Refer to constituency |
123 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 2,966,835 | 70 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New | 708,465 | 11 | |||||
| Democratic Union | 375,118 | 4 | ||||||
| Democratic Nonpartisan Union | 66,033 | 3 | ||||||
| New Nation Alliance | 157,826 | 1 | ||||||
| Taiwan Independence | 145,118 | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 946,431 | — | 12 | ||||
| 2001 | LY | 5 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 3,447,740 | Refer to constituency |
87 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 2,949,371 | 68 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | People First | 1,917,836 | 46 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Taiwan Solidarity Union | 801,560 | 13 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New | 269,620 | 1 | |||||
| Taiwan Number One | 12,917 | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 899,254 | — | 9 | ||||
| 2004 | LY | 6 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 3,471,429 | Refer to constituency |
89 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 3,190,081 | 79 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | People First | 1,350,613 | 34 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Taiwan Solidarity Union | 756,712 | 12 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Non-Partisan Solidarity Union | 353,164 | 6 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New | 12,137 | 1 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 577,292 | — | 4 | ||||
| 2005 | NA | ad hoc |
Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | Party list only |
1,647,791 | 127 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 1,508,384 | 117 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Taiwan Solidarity Union | 273,147 | 21 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | People First | 236,716 | 18 | |||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Other parties | 209,560 | 17 | |||||
| 2008 | LY | 7 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 5,291,512 | 5,010,801 | 81 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 3,775,352 | 3,610,106 | 27 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Non-Partisan Solidarity Union | 239,317 | 68,527 | 3 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | People First | 28,254 | — | 1 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 393,346 | — | 1 | ||||
| 2012 | LY | 8 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 6,339,301 | 5,863,379 | 64 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 5,763,186 | 4,556,526 | 40 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Taiwan Solidarity Union | — | 1,178,896 | 3 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | People First | 175,032 | 722,089 | 3 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Non-Partisan Solidarity Union | 168,861 | — | 2 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 532,270 | — | 1 | ||||
| 2016 | LY | 9 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 5,416,683 | 5,370,953 | 68 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 4,724,394 | 3,280,949 | 35 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New Power | 351,244 | 744,315 | 5 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | People First | 156,212 | 794,383 | 3 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Non-Partisan Solidarity Union | 27,690 | 77,672 | 1 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 668,446 | — | 1 | ||||
| 2020 | LY | 10 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 6,383,783 | 4,811,241 | 61 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 5,761,995 | 4,723,504 | 38 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Taiwan People's | 264,478 | 1,588,806 | 5 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | New Power | 141,952 | 1,098,100 | 3 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Statebuilding | 141,503 | 447,286 | 1 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 1,086,463 | — | 5 | ||||
| 2024 | LY | 11 | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 5,401,933 | 4,764,576 | 52 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 6,095,276 | 4,982,062 | 51 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Taiwan People's | 403,357 | 3,040,615 | 8 | ||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 1,069,758 | — | 2 | ||||
Early parliamentary supplementary elections (1969–1989)
According to the interpretation of the Constitutional Court (Judicial Yuan),[2] under the original constitution the National Assembly, Legislative Yuan, and Control Yuan were seen to constitute the Parliament in Taiwan. After 20 years of relocating the government to Taiwan, the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China amended the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion to start limited parliamentary elections. Delegates of the National Assembly[3] and members of the Legislative Yuan[4] are directly elected, while members of the Control Yuan[5] were indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures. The elected members served together with existing members elected by the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election, the 1948 Chinese legislative election, and the 1947-1948 Chinese Control Yuan election in the respective chambers.
| Year | Chamber/Order | Seat composition | Political party | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct election |
Indirect election |
Presidential appointment |
Total | ||||||
| 1969 | NA | supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 15 | — | — | 15 |
| 1969 | LY | supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 8 | — | — | 11 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 3 | — | — | |||||
| 1969 | CY | supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | — | 1 | — | 2 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | — | 1 | — | |||||
| 1972 | NA | 1st supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 43 | — | — | 53 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 10 | — | — | |||||
| 1972 | LY | 1st supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 30 | — | 11 | 51 |
| Chinese Youth | 1 | — | 0 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 5 | — | 4 | |||||
| 1973 | CY | 1st supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | — | 9 | 4 | 15 |
| China Democratic Socialist | — | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | — | 0 | 1 | |||||
| 1975 | LY | 2nd supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 30 | — | 13 | 52 |
| Chinese Youth | 1 | — | 0 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 6 | — | 2 | |||||
| 1980 | NA | 2nd supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 63 | — | — | 76 |
| China Democratic Socialist | 1 | — | — | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 12 | — | — | |||||
| 1980 | LY | 3rd supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 58 | — | 23 | 97 |
| Chinese Youth | 0 | — | 2 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 12 | — | 2 | |||||
| 1980 | CY | 2nd supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | — | 16 | 5 | 32 |
| Chinese Youth | — | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| China Democratic Socialist | — | 0 | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | — | 5 | 4 | |||||
| 1983 | LY | 4th supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 62 | — | 21 | 98 |
| Chinese Youth | 0 | — | 2 | ||||||
| China Democratic Socialist | 0 | — | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 9 | — | 3 | |||||
| 1986 | NA | 3rd supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 68 | — | — | 84 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 11 | — | — | |||||
| China Democratic Socialist | 1 | — | — | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 4 | — | — | |||||
| 1986 | LY | 5th supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 59 | — | 20 | 100 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 12 | — | 0 | |||||
| Chinese Youth | 0 | — | 2 | ||||||
| China Democratic Socialist | 0 | — | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 2 | — | 4 | |||||
| 1987 | CY | 3rd supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | — | 17 | 7 | 32 |
| Chinese Youth | — | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| China Democratic Socialist | — | 0 | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | — | 4 | 2 | |||||
| 1989 | LY | 6th supp. | Template:Composition bar/advanced | style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Kuomintang | 72 | — | 22 | 130 |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Democratic Progressive | 21 | — | 0 | |||||
| Chinese Youth | 0 | — | 1 | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; width: 1px;"| | Independents | 8 | — | 6 | |||||
See also
- Legislative Yuan constituencies
- Politics of Taiwan
- Presidential elections in Taiwan
- Elections in Taiwan
References
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- ↑ January 31, 2007.CEC Completes Legislative Constituency Redistricting Template:Webarchive. Taiwan Headlines. Retrieved on 2008-01-12.
- ↑ J.Y. Interpretation No. 76
- ↑ 中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－國民大會代表選舉
- ↑ 中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－立法委員選舉
- ↑ 中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－監察委員選舉
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