Abortion law by country

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Template:Short description Template:Pp Template:Use dmy dates

File:Abortion Laws.svg
Legality of abortion by country, state or territory
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Legal on request:
Template:Color box No gestational limit
Template:Color box Gestational limit greater than 17 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP)
Template:Color box Gestational limit between 7 and 17 weeks from LMP
Template:Color box Gestational limit less than 7 weeks from LMP
Template:Color box Unclear gestational limit
Legally restricted to cases of:
Template:Color box Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape*, fetal impairment*, socioeconomic factors, or in some states failure of contraception
Template:Color box Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape, or fetal impairment
Template:Color box Risk to woman's life, to her health*, or fetal impairment
Template:Color box Risk to woman's life*, to her health*, or rape
Template:Color box Risk to woman's life or to her health
Template:Color box Risk to woman's life
Template:Color box Illegal with no exceptions
Template:Color box No information
* Does not apply to some countries or territories in that category
Note: In some countries or territories, abortion laws are modified by other laws, regulations, legal principles or judicial decisions. This map shows their combined effect as implemented by the authorities.

Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population. In 2024, France became the first country to explicitly protect abortion rights in its constitution,[1] while Yugoslavia implicitly inscribed abortion rights in its constitution in 1974.[2]

Abortion continues to be a controversial subject in many societies on religious, moral, ethical, practical, and political grounds. Though it has been banned and otherwise limited by law in many jurisdictions, abortions continue to be common in many areas, even where they are illegal. According to a 2007 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute and the World Health Organization, abortion rates are similar in countries where the procedure is legal and in countries where it is not,[3][4] due to unavailability of modern contraceptives in areas where abortion is illegal.[5] Also according to the study, the number of abortions worldwide is declining due to increased access to contraception.[3][4]

History

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Abortion has existed since ancient times, with natural abortifacients being found amongst a wide variety of tribal people and in most written sources. The earliest known records of abortion techniques and general reproductive regulation date as far back as 2700 BC in China, and 1550 BC in Egypt.[6] Early texts contain little mention of abortion or abortion law. When it does appear, it is entailed in concerns about male property rights, preservation of social order, and the duty to produce fit citizens for the state or community. The harshest penalties were generally reserved for a woman who procured an abortion against her husband's wishes, and for slaves who produced abortion in a woman of high status. Religious texts often contained severe condemnations of abortion, recommending penance but seldom enforcing secular punishment. As a matter of common law in England and the United States, abortion was illegal anytime after quickening—when the movements of the fetus could first be felt by the woman. Under the born alive rule, the fetus was not considered a "reasonable being" in rerum natura; and abortion was not treated as murder in English law.

In the 19th century, many Western countries began to codify abortion laws or place further restrictions on the practice. Anti-abortion movements were led by a combination of groups opposed to abortion on moral grounds, and by medical professionals who were concerned about the danger presented by the procedure and the regular involvement of non-medical personnel in performing abortions. Nevertheless, it became clear that illegal abortions continued to take place in large numbers even where abortions were rigorously restricted. It was difficult to obtain sufficient evidence to prosecute the women and abortion doctors, and judges and juries were often reluctant to convict. For example, Henry Morgentaler, a Canadian pro-choice advocate, was never convicted by a jury. He was acquitted by a jury in the 1973 court case, but the acquittal was overturned by five judges on the Quebec Court of Appeal in 1974. He went to prison, appealed, and was again acquitted. In total, he served 10 months, suffering a heart attack while in solitary confinement. Many were also outraged at the invasion of privacy and the medical problems resulting from abortions taking place illegally in medically dangerous circumstances. Political movements soon coalesced around the legalization of abortion and liberalization of existing laws.

By the first half of the 20th century, many countries had begun to liberalize abortion laws, at least when performed to protect the woman's life and in some cases on the woman's request. Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union became the first modern state in legalizing abortions on request—the law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR in 1920, in the Ukrainian SSR in July 1921, and then in the whole country.[7][8] The Bolsheviks saw abortion as a social evil created by the capitalist system, which left women without the economic means to raise children, forcing them to perform abortions. The Soviet state initially preserved the tsarist ban on abortion, which treated the practice as premeditated murder. However, abortion had been practiced by Russian women for decades and its incidence skyrocketed further as a result of the Russian Civil War, which had left the country economically devastated and made it extremely difficult for many people to have children. The Soviet state recognized that banning abortion would not stop the practice because women would continue using the services of private abortionists. In rural areas, these were often old women who had no medical training, which made their services very dangerous to women's health. In November 1920, the Soviet government legalized abortion in state hospitals. The state considered abortion as a temporary necessary evil, which would disappear in the future communist society, which would be able to provide for all the children conceived.[9]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In 1936, Joseph Stalin placed prohibitions on abortions, which restricted them to medically recommended cases only, in order to increase population growth after the enormous loss of life in World War I and the Russian Civil War.[10][11][8] In the 1930s, several countries (Poland, Turkey, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Mexico) legalized abortion in some special cases (pregnancy from rape, threat to mother's health, fetal malformation). In Japan, abortion was legalized in 1948 by the Eugenic Protection Law,[12] amended in May 1949 to allow abortions for economic reasons.[13] Abortion was legalized in 1952 in Yugoslavia (on a limited basisTemplate:Which), and again in 1955 in the Soviet Union on request. Some Soviet allies (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania) legalized abortion in the late 1950s under pressure from the Soviets.Template:How[14]Template:Additional citation needed

In the United Kingdom, the Abortion Act of 1967 clarified and prescribed abortions as legal up to 28 weeks (later reduced to 24 weeks). Other countries soon followed, including Canada (1969), the United States (1973 in most states, pursuant to Roe v. Wade—the U.S. Supreme Court decision which legalized abortion nationwide), Tunisia and Denmark (1973), Austria (1974), France and Sweden (1975), New Zealand (1977), Italy (1978), the Netherlands (1984), and Belgium (1990). However, these countries vary greatly in the circumstances under which abortion was to be permitted. In 1975, the West German Supreme Court struck down a law legalizing abortion, holding that they contradict the constitution's human rights guarantees. In 1976, a law was adopted which enabled abortions up to 12 weeks. After Germany's reunification, despite the legal status of abortion in former East Germany, a compromise was reached which deemed most abortions up to 12 weeks legal, but this law was struck down by the Federal Constitutional Court and amended to only remove the punishment in such cases, without any statement to legality. In jurisdictions governed under sharia law, abortion after the 120th day from conception (19 weeks from LMP) is illegal, especially for those who follow the recommendations of the Hanafi legal school, while most jurists of the Maliki legal school "believe that ensoulment occurs at the moment of conception, and they tend to forbid abortion at any point [similar to the Roman Catholic Church]. The other schools hold intermediate positions. ... The penalty prescribed for an illegal abortion varies according to particular circumstances involved. According to sharia, it should be limited to a fine that is paid to the father or heirs of the fetus."[15]

Timeline of abortion on request

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The table below lists in chronological order the United Nations member states that have legalized abortion on request in at least some initial part of the pregnancy, or that have fully decriminalized abortion. As of 2024, 67 countries have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request.

Notes

Where a country has legalized abortion on request, prohibited it, and legalized it again (e.g., former Soviet Union, Romania), only the later year is included. Countries that result from the merger of states where abortion on request was legal at the moment of unification show the year when it became legal across the whole national territory (e.g., Germany, Vietnam). Similarly, countries where not all subnational jurisdictions have legalized abortion on request are not included, leading to the exclusion of Australia, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Countries where abortion on request was once legalized nationwide but has since been prohibited in at least part of the country, such as the United States and Poland, are also excluded. Countries are counted even if they were not yet independent at the time. The year refers to when the relevant law or judicial decision came into force, which may be different from the year when it was approved.

Template:Sticky table start

Year legalized Countries CpY CC
1955 (Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg as part of the Soviet Union) 15 15
1957 Template:Flagg[16]Template:EfnTemplate:Efn (Template:Flagg Template:Flagg as part of Czechoslovakia)Template:Efn 3 18
1965 Template:Flagg 1 19
1973 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg[17] 2 21
1974 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 2 23
1975 Template:Flagg Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 3 26
1977 (Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg as part of Yugoslavia) 6 32
1978 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 2 34
1979 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 1 35
1983 Template:Flagg 1 36
1984 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 1 37
1986 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 2 39
1988 Template:Flagg 1 40
1989 Template:Flagg[18] 1 41
1990 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 3 44
1992 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 1 45
1993 Template:Flagg[19][20] 1 46
1995 Template:Flagg 1 47
1996 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 1 48
1997 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 2 50
2002 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 2 52
2007 Template:Flagg 1 53
2010 Template:Flagg 1 54
2012 Template:Flagg[21] Template:Flagg 2 56
2015 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 1 57
2018 Template:Flagg 1 58
2019 Template:Flagg Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 2 60
2020 Template:Flagg 1 61
2021 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 3 64
2022 Template:Flagg Template:Flagg 2 66
2023 Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 1 67

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International law

There are no international or multinational treaties that deal directly with abortion but human rights law and international criminal law touch on the issues.

The Nuremberg Military Tribunal decided the case of United States v Greifelt and Others (1948) on the basis that abortion was a crime within its jurisdiction according to the law defining crimes against humanity and thus within its definition of murder and extermination.[22]

The Catholic Church remains highly influential in Latin America, and opposes the legalisation of abortion.[23] The American Convention on Human Rights, which in 2013 had 23 Latin American parties, declares human life as commencing with conception. In Latin America, abortion on request is only legal in Cuba (1965), Uruguay (2012),[24] Argentina (2021),[25] Colombia (2022)[26] and in parts of Mexico.[27][28] Abortions are completely banned in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, and only allowed in certain restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations.[23]

In the 2010 case of A, B and C v Ireland, the European Court of Human Rights found that the European Convention on Human Rights did not include a right to an abortion.

In 2005, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UN HRC) ordered Peru to compensate a woman (known as K.L.) for denying her a medically indicated abortion; this was the first time a United Nations Committee had held any country accountable for not ensuring access to safe, legal abortion, and the first time the committee affirmed that abortion is a human right.[29] K.L. received the compensation in 2016.[29] In the 2016 case of Mellet v Ireland, the UN HRC found Ireland's abortion laws violated the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights because Irish law banned abortion in cases of fatal fetal abnormalities.

National laws

While abortions are legal at least under certain conditions in almost all countries, these conditions vary widely. According to a United Nations (UN) report with data gathered up to 2019,[30] abortion is allowed in 98% of countries in order to save a woman's life. Other commonly accepted reasons are preserving physical (72%) or mental health (69%), in cases of rape or incest (61%), and in cases of fetal impairment (61%). Performing an abortion because of economic or social reasons is accepted in 37% of countries. Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is allowed in 34% of countries, including in Canada, most European countries and China.[30]

The exact scope of each legal ground also varies. For example, the laws of some countries cite health risks and fetal impairment as general grounds for abortion and allow a broad interpretation of such terms in practice, while other countries restrict them to a specific list of medical conditions or subcategories. Many countries that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for social, economic, rape, or incest reasons, and more for fetal impairment or threats to the woman's health or life.Template:R

In some countries, additional procedures must be followed before the abortion can be carried out even if the basic grounds for it are met. How strictly all of the procedures dictated in the legislation are followed in practice is another matter. For example, in the United Kingdom, a Care Quality Commission's report in 2012 found that several NHS clinics were circumventing the law, using forms pre-signed by one doctor, thus allowing abortions to patients who only met with one doctor.[31]

Summary tables

Legend
permitted In many cases, abortion is permitted only up to a certain gestational age.
If this limit is known and does not vary by subdivision, it is shown instead of "permitted".
permitted, with complex legality or practice
varies by subdivision
prohibited, with complex legality or practice
prohibited
unknown or unclear

Countries

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in all United Nations member states and United Nations General Assembly observer states and some countries with limited recognition. This table is mostly based on data compiled by the United Nations up to 2019,[32] with some updates, additions and clarifications citing other sources.

Template:Sticky table start

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in independent countries
Country Risk to life Risk to health Rape Fetal impairment Economic or social On request
Template:Flagg[33] prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[34] 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks no limit 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[35] permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn permitted permitted 16 weeks permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[36] permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[25][37] permitted permitted permitted 14 weeks permitted 14 weeks
Template:Flagg[38] permitted permitted permitted permitted 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg [subdivisions] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit variesTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[39][40] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 23 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 23 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:NoflagTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[41] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 22 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[42] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[43] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 22 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[44] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 22 weeks and 6 days
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[45] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 16 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[46] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 24 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[47] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 23 weeks
Template:Flagg[48] no limit no limit 3 monthsTemplate:Efn no limit 3 monthsTemplate:Efn 3 monthsTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[49] no limit no limit permitted permitted 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[50] permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[51] no limit no limit 12 weeks no limit 12 weeks prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit 22 weeks no limit 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[52] no limit no limit 14 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit 14 weeksTemplate:Efn 14 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[53] no limit no limit prohibited no limit permitted prohibited
Template:Flagg[54] permitted permitted permitted permitted 12 weeks prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn 180 days 180 daysTemplate:Efn 180 days 180 daysTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg [subdivisions] no limit no limit permitted permitted permitted 10 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:NoflagTemplate:Efn no limit no limit 20 weeks 20 weeks 10 weeks 10 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:NoflagTemplate:Efn no limit no limit 20 weeks 20 weeks 10 weeks 10 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[55] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 10 weeks
Template:Flagg[56] 16 weeks 16 weeks 16 weeks 16 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[57][58] no limit prohibited no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[59] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[60] no limit 20 weeks permitted no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[61] no limit no limit 14 weeks no limit prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[62] no limit 12 weeks no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[63] permitted 28 weeks 28 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Template:Flagg[64] no limit no limit 12 weeks permitted 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg 8 weeks prohibitedTemplate:Efn 8 weeks 8 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[65][66] permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[67] no limit prohibited 12 weeksTemplate:Efn permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg [subdivisions] permitted permitted permitted permitted variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Noflag[68][69]Template:Efn permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[70] no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[71] no limit no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg no limitTemplate:Efn no limitTemplate:Efn no limitTemplate:Efn no limitTemplate:Efn 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 24 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[72] permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[73] no limit no limit no limit no limit 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:Flagg[74][75] no limit 22 weeks no limit 35 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[76] permitted permitted 19 weeks permitted 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[77][78] no limit permittedTemplate:Efn 12 weeks no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[79] no limit no limit viability no limit viability 18 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[80][81][82] permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[83] permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[84] prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[85][86] permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[87] prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[88] 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[89] permitted permitted permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[90] 22 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 22 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[91] permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[92][93][94] 28 weeks 28 weeks 28 weeks 28 weeks prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[95] no limit no limit 20 weeks no limit prohibited prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn[96] no limit no limit 20 weeks 24 weeks 20 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[97]Template:Efn no limit no limit 16 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit 16 weeksTemplate:Efn 16 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[98] 10 weeks prohibitedTemplate:Efn 10 weeks 10 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[99][100][101] permitted prohibited prohibited permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[102][103] 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg 28 weeks 28 weeks 28 weeks 28 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[104] no limit no limit 19 weeks 24 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[105] permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[106][107] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[19][108] permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted
Template:Flagg[109] no limit no limit 16 weeks 16 weeks 8 weeksTemplate:Efn 8 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[110] prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 20 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[111] no limit 22 weeks 22 weeks no limit 22 weeks 22 weeks
Template:Flagg[112][113] no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[114][115] no limit no limit 14 weeks no limit prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[116][117][118] 4 months 4 months prohibitedTemplate:Efn 4 months prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[119] viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn 12 weeks permitted 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg permitted permitted permitted permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[120] no limit viability 90 days 90 days 90 days 90 days
Template:Flagg[121] permitted permitted permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[122] 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks prohibited 22 weeks prohibited
Template:Flagg[123] permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[124][125] no limit no limit 22 weeks no limit 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[126][127] permitted permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[128] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[129] no limit no limit 22 weeks no limit 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:Flagg[130] permitted 4 months prohibited 4 months prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[131][132] no limit no limit 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn 28 weeksTemplate:Efn 28 weeksTemplate:Efn 28 weeksTemplate:Efn 28 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[133][134] permitted 24 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[135] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[136] permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[137] 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[138][139] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[140] permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[141] no limit no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[142] no limit no limit 14 weeks no limit 14 weeks 14 weeks
Template:Flagg prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[143] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[144] 22 weeks 22 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit prohibited 120 days 120 daysTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[145][146] permitted permittedTemplate:Efn permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[147] viability prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[148] no limit no limit 14 weeks no limit prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg [subdivisions] variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[149] 6 weeks 6 weeks no limit no limit 6 weeks 6 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[150] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[151] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[152] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[153] no limit 12 weeks no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[154] no limit no limit 90 daysTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[155] no limit no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[156] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[157] no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[158] prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[159] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[160] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[161] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[162] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[163] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[164] no limit permitted no limit permitted no limit 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[165] no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[166] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[167] no limit no limit no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[168] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[169] no limit 12 weeks no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[170] prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[171] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[172] 12 weeks 12 weeks no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[173] no limit no limit no limit no limit 13 weeks 13 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[174] no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[175] no limit 12 weeks no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[176] no limit no limit no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[177] no limit no limit no limit no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[178] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[179] no limit 12 weeks no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[180] no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[181] 21 weeks 21 weeks 21 weeks 21 weeks 21 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[182] no limit no limit 12 weeks no limit prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg 23 weeks 23 weeks permitted permitted 14 weeks 14 weeks
Template:Flagg[183] 32 weeks 32 weeks 20 weeks 20 weeks 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg no limit no limit 16 weeks 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[184][185] no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[186] no limit no limit 20 weeks 20 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[187][188] 28 weeks 28 weeks 18 weeks 28 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit 24 weeks no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks
Template:Flagg[189] no limit no limit permitted permitted permitted 20 weeks
Template:Flagg prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permitted prohibited permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg [subdivisions] permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Abia permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Adamawa permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Akwa Ibom permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Anambra permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Bauchi permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Bayelsa permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Benue permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Borno permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Cross River permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Delta permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Ebonyi permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Edo permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Ekiti permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Enugu permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Federal Capital Territory permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Gombe permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Imo permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Jigawa permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Kaduna permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Kano permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Katsina permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Kebbi permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Kogi permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Kwara permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Lagos permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Nasarawa permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Niger permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Ogun permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Ondo permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Osun permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Oyo permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Plateau permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Rivers permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Sokoto permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Taraba permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Yobe permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Zamfara permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[190] permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted 10 weeks
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn unclearTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn unclearTemplate:Efn unclearTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg no limit no limit 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[191] no limit no limit 22 weeks 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 22 weeks 18 weeks
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited 120 daysTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[192][193] no limit organ formationTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[194][195] no limit prohibited 2 months 24 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[196] permitted prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[197] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[198] 22 weeks 22 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[199] prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[200] no limit no limit 13 weeks prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[201] no limit no limit 16 weeks 24 weeks 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:Flagg[202][203] no limit 4 months prohibited 4 months prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[204] no limit permitted permitted permitted permitted 14 weeks
Template:Flagg[205][206][207] permitted permitted 22 weeks no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[208] no limit no limit 22 weeks no limit prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[209] no limit no limit 12 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[210] permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited
Template:Flagg[211] 20 weeks 20 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[212] viabilityTemplate:Efn viability viability 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[21] no limit no limit no limit 16 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[213] no limit 4 months 40 daysTemplate:Efn 40 daysTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[214][215] no limit no limit no limit no limit 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:Flagg 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[216] no limit no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks
Template:Flagg[217][218] no limit permittedTemplate:Efn 12 weeks no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[219] no limit no limit 10 weeks 10 weeks 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:Flagg[220] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[221][222]Template:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg no limit 20 weeks 20 weeks no limit 20 weeks 12 weeks
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn permitted permitted permitted permitted permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[223] permitted permitted permitted permitted 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[224] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[225] 22 weeks 22 weeks 14 weeks 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 14 weeks 14 weeks
Template:Flagg[226] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[227] no limit prohibited 90 daysTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[228] no limit no limit 18 weeks 18 weeks 18 weeks 18 weeks
Template:Flagg[229] no limit no limit 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[230] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[231][232] no limit no limit 24 weeks no limit 24 weeks prohibited
Template:Flagg[233] permitted 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[234][235] no limit no limit no limit no limit 20 weeks 20 weeks
Template:Flagg[236] permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[237][238] no limit no limit 22 weeks no limit 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[17] no limit no limit 3 months no limit 3 months 3 months
Template:Flagg[239][240][241] no limit 10 weeks 20 weeks no limit 10 weeks 10 weeks
Template:Flagg[242] no limit no limit permitted permitted 22 weeks 5 weeks
Template:Flagg[243] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg 28 weeks 28 weeks 28 weeks 28 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[244] 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[245][246] no limit 120 daysTemplate:Efn 120 days no limit prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg [subdivisions] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[247] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Noflag[248] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[247] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[247] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[249] [subdivisions] no limit variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[250] no limit no limit prohibited prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn[251][252][253] no limit no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[254][255] no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit viability no limit viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[256] no limit no limit 15 weeks 6 weeksTemplate:Efn 6 weeks 6 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[257][258][259] no limit no limit 22 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit heartbeatTemplate:Efn heartbeatTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[260] no limit no limitTemplate:Efn 15 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[261][262] no limit no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[263][264][265] no limit no limit 22 weeksTemplate:Efn heartbeatTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn heartbeatTemplate:Efn heartbeatTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[266][267] no limit no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[268] no limit no limit prohibited prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[269] no limit no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn[270][271] no limit no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit 24 weeks no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn[272] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[273][274] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[275][276][277] no limit prohibited 20 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn[278][279][280] no limit no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[281][282] no limit no limit 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[283] no limit no limit 24 weeks no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[284] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 24 weeksTemplate:Efn 24 weeksTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[285] no limit no limit 20 weeks 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks 12 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[286][287] no limit no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn[288][289] no limit no limit viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[290][291] no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[292][293][294] no limit no limit 12 weeks no limit heartbeatTemplate:Efn heartbeatTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[295] no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[296] no limit no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[297][298] no limit prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[299][300][301] no limit no limit no limit 18 weeksTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn 18 weeksTemplate:Efn 18 weeksTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg no limit no limit 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[302] no limit no limit viability viability viability viability
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[303] no limit no limit 11 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[304][305][306] no limit no limitTemplate:Efn 22 weeksTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn 22 weeksTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn 22 weeksTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn 22 weeksTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[307][308][309] no limit no limit viability viability viabilityTemplate:Efn viabilityTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[310][311] no limit no limit 14 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[312] permitted 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[313] permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[314][315] 22 weeks prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[316][317] permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted 22 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[318] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[319] permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited
Template:Flagg[320][321] 22 weeks 22 weeks 22 weeksTemplate:Efn 22 weeks prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn

Template:Sticky table end

Autonomous jurisdictions

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in autonomous jurisdictions not included in the previous table.

Template:Sticky table start

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in other autonomous jurisdictions
Jurisdiction Risk to life Risk to health Rape Fetal impairment Economic or social On request
Template:Noflag[322] permitted permitted permittedTemplate:Efn permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[323] permitted permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[324] no limit 28 weeks prohibited 28 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[325] permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[326] permitted permitted permitted permitted prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[327] no limit 28 weeks prohibited 28 weeks prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[328] permitted prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[329]Template:Efn permitted permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[330] permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[331] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[332] no limit no limit 16 weeks 16 weeks prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[333] no limit no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn no limit 12 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[334] no limit no limit no limit no limit no limit 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[335][336] no limit no limitTemplate:Efn 26 weeksTemplate:Efn 26 weeksTemplate:Efn 13 weeksTemplate:Efn 13 weeksTemplate:Efn
Template:Noflag [subdivisions] permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn variesTemplate:Efn prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[337]Template:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[338] no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Script error: No such module "String".Template:Flagg[337] permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[339] no limit no limit 23 weeks no limit 23 weeks 14 weeks
Template:Flagg[340] no limit no limit 12 weeks 24 weeks 12 weeks 12 weeks
Template:Flagg[341] no limit viability prohibited viability prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[342] prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:FlaggTemplate:Efn no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[343] no limit no limit no limitTemplate:Efn no limitTemplate:Efn no limitTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:NoflagTemplate:Efn no limit no limit permittedTemplate:Efn no limit 24 weeksTemplate:Efn prohibited
Template:Flagg[344] permittedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn prohibitedTemplate:Efn
Template:Flagg[345] permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[346] permittedTemplate:Efn permittedTemplate:Efn prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
Template:Flagg[347] no limit no limit 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks 24 weeks

Template:Sticky table end

Comparative limits for countries with elective abortions

Template:Globalize section Legal limits may not be directly comparable. Limits may be expressed in trimesters, months, weeks of pregnancy (implantation), weeks from fertilization, or weeks from last menstrual period (LMP). Template:Elective abortion map of Europe Template:Abortion map of the United States Template:Abortion map of Canada Template:Abortion map of Australia

Countries with more restrictive laws

File:Vigilia por la votación de la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo en Paraná 24.jpg
Supporter of legalized abortion at a rally in Paraná, Argentina. Argentina had restrictive laws until 2021.

According to a report by Women on Waves,Template:Better source needed approximately 25% of the world's populationTemplate:As of? lives in countries with "highly restrictive abortion laws"—that is, laws which either completely ban abortion, or allow it only to save the mother's life. This category includes several countries in Latin America, Africa, Asia and Oceania, as well as Andorra and Malta in Europe.[348] The Center for Reproductive Rights report that "[t]he inability to access safe and legal abortion care impacts 700 million women of reproductive age."[349]

Some of the countries of Central America, notably El Salvador, have also come to international attention due to very forceful enforcement of the laws, including the incarceration of a gang-rape victim for homicide when she gave birth to a stillborn son and was accused of attempting an illegal abortion.[350][351][352]

El Salvador has some of the strictest abortion laws of any country. Abortion under all circumstances, including rape, incest, and risk to the mother's health, is illegal. Women can be criminalized and penalized to up to 40 years in prison after being found guilty of an abortion. El Salvador's abortion laws are so severe that miscarriages and stillbirths can sometimes be enough for conviction. The Inter-American Court has already ruled that El Salvador was responsible for the death of Manuela, who was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 2008 for aggravated homicide after suffering an obstetric emergency that resulted in her losing her pregnancy.[353]

Beginning of pregnancy controversy

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy occurs in different contexts, particularly in a legal context, and is particularly discussed within the abortion debate from the point of measuring the gestational age of the pregnancy. Pregnancy can be measured from a number of convenient points, including the day of last menstruation, ovulation, fertilization, implantation and chemical detection. A common medical way to calculate gestational age is to measure pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual cycle.Template:Efn However, not all legal systems use this measure for the purpose of abortion law; for example countries such as Belgium, France, and Luxembourg use the term "pregnancy" in the abortion law to refer to the time elapsed from the sexual act that led to conception, which is presumed to be 2 weeks after the end of the last menstrual period.Template:Efn

Exceptions in abortion law

Exceptions in abortion laws occur either in countries where abortion is as a general rule illegal or in countries that have abortion on request with gestational limits. For example, if a country allows abortion on request until 12 weeks, it may create exceptions to this general gestation limit for later abortions in specific circumstances.[354]

There are a few exceptions commonly found in abortion laws. Legal domains which do not have abortion on demand will often allow it when the health of the mother is at stake. "Health of the mother" may mean something different in different areas: for example, prior to December 2018, Ireland allowed abortion only to save the mother's life, whereas abortion opponents in the United States argue health exceptions are used so broadly as to render a ban essentially meaningless.[355]

Laws allowing abortion in cases of rape or incest often differ. For example, before Roe v. Wade, thirteen U.S. states allowed abortion in the case of either rape or incest, but only Mississippi permitted abortion of pregnancies due to rape, and no state permitted it for just incest.[356]

ManyTemplate:Vague countries allow abortion only through the first or second trimester, and some may allow abortion in cases of fetal defects, e.g., Down syndrome, or where the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime.

Other related laws

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Laws in some countries with liberal abortion laws protect access to abortion services. Such legislation often seeks to guard abortion clinics against obstruction, vandalism, picketing, and other actions, or to protect patients and employees of such facilities from threats and harassment. Other laws create a perimeter around a facility, known variously as a "buffer zone", "bubble zone", or "access zone", where demonstrations opposing abortion are not permitted. Protests and other displays are restricted to a certain distance from the building, which varies depending on the law. Similar zones have also been created to protect the homes of abortion providers and clinic staff. Bubble zone laws are divided into "fixed" and "floating" categories. Fixed bubble zone laws apply to the static area around the facility itself, and floating laws to objects in transit, such as people or cars.[357] Because of conflicts between anti-abortion activists on one side and women seeking abortion and medical staff who provides abortion on the other side, some laws are quite strict: in South Africa for instance, any person who prevents the lawful termination of a pregnancy or obstructs access to a facility for the termination of a pregnancy faces up to 10 years in prison (section 10.1 (c) of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act[358]).

On 3 November 2020, an association of 20 Kenyan charities urged the government of Kenya to withdraw from the Geneva Consensus Declaration (GCD), a US-led international accord that sought to limit access to abortion for girls and women around the world. GCD was signed by 33 nations, on 22 October 2020.[359]

Judicial decisions

Template:Multiple issues Script error: No such module "Hatnote". Template:Sticky table start

Year Jurisdiction Description Abortion access affirmed or expanded?
1879 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Abortion trial of Emily Stowe
1938 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Rex v Bourne
Abortion in case of risk to physical or mental health included in risk to life. The decision was also implemented by some British territories and their successors.[360]		 Yes
1952 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Azoulay v R[361]
1969 Template:Country data Victoria (Australia) R v DavidsonTemplate:Efn
Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, and physical or mental health.[362]		 Yes
1971 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] United States v. Vuitch Template:Failure
Template:Country data New South Wales (Australia) R v Wald
Abortion in case of socioeconomic reasons included in risk to physical or mental health.		 Yes
1973 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Doe v. Bolton
Abortion allowed after viability if necessary to protect her health.
Roe v. Wade
Abortion allowed on demand in the entire country.
1975 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] German Federal Constitutional Court abortion decision Law restricted
1976 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Morgentaler v R Template:Failure
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Planned Parenthood v. Danforth Template:Success
1979 Maher v. Roe
Colautti v. Franklin
1980 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Pueblo v. Duarte
Application of Roe v. Wade to Puerto Rico.[343]		 Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Harris v. McRae
1981 H. L. v. Matheson Template:Failure
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] A. v. B.
Paternal consent not required.		 Yes
1983 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
1986 Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1988 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] R v Morgentaler Yes
1989 Borowski v Canada (AG)
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Webster v. Reproductive Health Services Template:Failure
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Tremblay v Daigle Yes
1990 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Hodgson v. Minnesota
1991 Rust v. Sullivan
1992 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Attorney General v X
Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, including risk of suicide.		 Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Planned Parenthood v. Casey
1993 Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] 2 BvF 2/90[363]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] R v Morgentaler Yes
1995 Template:Country data New South Wales (Australia) CES v. Superclinics
Physical or mental health should be considered not only during the pregnancy but also after the birth.
1997 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] K 26/96
Abortion for economic or social reasons ruled unconstitutional.[364]		 Law restricted
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1998 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Christian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health
Law allowing abortion on demand ruled constitutional.		 Template:Success
2000 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Hill v. Colorado
Stenberg v. Carhart
Supreme Court struck down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion ban.		 Yes
2001 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] T., S. v. Government of Buenos Aires City[365]
2003 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
2006 Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
Gonzales v. Carhart
Supreme Court upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.		 Template:Failure
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court allowed abortion in case of danger to woman's life or health, rape, and fetal deformation.[366] Yes
Template:Country data Council of Europe D v Ireland
Template:Country data New South Wales (Australia) R v Sood[367]
2007 Template:Country data Council of Europe Tysiąc v Poland[368]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[369] Template:Success
2008 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Achyut Kharel v. Government of Nepal [370]
2009 Template:Country data Council of Europe A, B and C v Ireland
The court rejected the argument that article 8 conferred a right to abortion, but found that Ireland had violated the European Convention on Human Rights by failing to provide an accessible and effective procedure by which a woman can have established whether she qualifies for a legal abortion.		 Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Lakshmi v. Government of Nepal
Supreme Court upheld and expanded legal abortion.[371]
2011 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] British Pregnancy Advisory Service v Secretary of State for Health[372]
2012 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] F., A. L.
Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[373]		 Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] ADPF 54
Abortion allowed in case of anencephaly.[374]
Template:Country data Council of Europe P. and S. v. Poland[375]
2013 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Case of "Beatriz"[376]
2014 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Ruling 0206/2014[377]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] P.P. v. Health Service Executive
2015 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases unconstitutional.[378] Law restricted
Template:Country data Rwanda RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG[379]
2016 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt Yes
Template:Country data United Nations Mellet v Ireland
2017 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional.[67] Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[380] Template:Success
2018 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission v Department of Justice[381]
2019 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Abortion allowed on request. Decision took effect in 2021.[382] Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Clubb v Edwards
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] FIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others
Abortion allowed in case of rape.[383]		 Yes
2020 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] K 1/20
Abortion in case of fetal deformity ruled unconstitutional. The decision was implemented on 27 January 2021.[384]		 Law restricted
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Ruling No. 4/2563[385]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional rejecting both total ban and legalization.[386] Template:Maybe
2021 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[387] Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Deadlines in case of pregnancy after rape ruled unconstitutional.[388][389]
Penalties for abortion ruled unconstitutional.[27][28]
[390]
[391][392]
Template:Noflag Manuela and Others v. El Salvador[393]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] United States v. Texas rowspan="2" Template:Failure
Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson
2022 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Constitutional Court decriminalized abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation.[26] Yes
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization

States may now ban or restrict abortion before viability, Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey overturned.

Template:Failure
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Abortion allowed under the same criteria regardless of marital status.[394] Yes
2023 Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Abortion allowed at federal health facilities anywhere in the country.[395][396]

Template:Sticky table end

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

Other sources

Template:Refbegin

Template:Refend

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Law country lists Template:Sexual revolution Template:Authority control

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  220. ↑ Penal Code, Laws of Solomon Islands. Articles 157–159, 221.
  221. ↑ Provisional Constitution, University of Minnesota: Human Rights Library, 7 September 2012. Article 15.5.
  222. ↑ Penal Code, Global Abortion Policies Database, 6 December 1962. Article 36 and part X.
  223. ↑ "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Republic of South Ossetia", chapter 6, article 51. Ugo-osetia.ru.
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  226. ↑ Penal code, Citizens Lanka, version as of 2002. Sections 303–307.
  227. ↑ Penal Code Template:Webarchive, European Country of Origin Information Network, 1991.
  228. ↑ Abortion law, Riksdag of Sweden, version as of 1 June 2013 Template:In lang.
  229. ↑ Swiss penal code (Interruption of pregnancy), Federal Assembly of Switzerland Template:In lang.
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  236. ↑ Law No. 2007-005, On Reproductive Health, Official Journal of the Togolese Republic, 10 January 2007 Template:In lang.
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  242. ↑ Law of Turkmenistan on the protection of the health of citizens, Neytralny Turkmenistan no. 138-139, 2 July 2015. Article 19 Template:In lang.
  243. ↑ https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf Template:Webarchive arts 150–152, 214, 227
  244. ↑ https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15 art.281.6
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  247. ↑ a b c Abortion Act 1967, Legislation.gov.uk.
  248. ↑ The Abortion (Northern Ireland) (No. 2) Regulations 2020, Legislation.gov.uk.
  249. ↑ State bans on abortion throughout pregnancy, Guttmacher Institute, 29 July 2024.
  250. ↑ Alabama Human Life Protection Act, Alabama Legislature, 2019.
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ SB149, Arkansas General Assembly, 2019.
  255. ↑ SB6, Arkansas General Assembly, 2021.
  256. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  257. ↑ Georgia Code section 16-12-141, Justia.
  258. ↑ Georgia Code section 31-9B-1, Justia.
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Section 18-622, Idaho Legislature, 2023.
  261. ↑ Senate Bill 1, Indiana General Assembly, 2022.
  262. ↑ Indiana's near-total abortion ban goes into effect after Supreme Court decision, WTHR, 21 August 2023.
  263. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  264. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  265. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. ↑ KRS 311.722, Kentucky General Assembly.
  267. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. ↑ Act No. 545, Louisiana State Legislature, 2022.
  269. ↑ Title 22 §1598. Abortions, Maine Revised Statutes, Maine Legislature.
  270. ↑ Criminal Law §2–103, Statutes, Maryland General Assembly.
  271. ↑ Health – General §20–209, Statutes, Maryland General Assembly.
  272. ↑ Abortion penalties; repeal, Michigan Legislature.
  273. ↑ 145.412 Repealed, Minnesota Statutes, Minnesota Legislature.
  274. ↑ 145.412 Criminal acts, 2022 Minnesota Statutes, Minnesota Legislature.
  275. ↑ House Bill 1400, Mississippi Legislature, 2014.
  276. ↑ Senate Bill 2391 Mississippi Legislature, 2007.
  277. ↑ Abortion trigger law goes into effect in Mississippi, where the case that overturned Roe v. Wade originated, ABC News, 7 July 2022.
  278. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  279. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  280. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  281. ↑ Nebraska Revised Statute 28-3,106. Abortion; performance; restrictions, Nebraska Legislature.
  282. ↑ Legislative Bill 574, Nebraska Legislature, 22 May 2023.
  283. ↑ House bill 1609-FN, General Court of New Hampshire, 2022.
  284. ↑ Gov. Lujan Grisham signs Senate Bill 10, repealing 1969 abortion ban, KOB, 26 February 2021.
  285. ↑ Session law 2023-14, General Assembly of North Carolina.
  286. ↑ SB 2150, North Dakota Legislature.
  287. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  288. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  289. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  290. ↑ Section 21-861, Oklahoma Senate, 2019.
  291. ↑ SB 612, Oklahoma Legislature, 2022.
  292. ↑ Title 44 – Health, Chapter 41 – Abortions, South Carolina Code of Laws, South Carolina Legislature.
  293. ↑ Fetal Heartbeat and Protection from Abortion Act, South Carolina General Assembly, 2023.
  294. ↑ South Carolina Supreme Court upholds 6-week abortion ban, CNN, 23 August 2023.
  295. ↑ Codified law 22-17-5.1, South Dakota Legislature.
  296. ↑ HB1029, Tennessee State Legislature, 2019.
  297. ↑ Advisory on Texas law upon reversal of Roe v. Wade, Attorney General of Texas.
  298. ↑ Texas can enforce 1925 abortion ban, state Supreme Court says, The Texas Tribune, 2 July 2022.
  299. ↑ HB136, Utah State Legislature, 2019.
  300. ↑ SB174, Utah State Legislature, 2020.
  301. ↑ Utah judge blocks state's sweeping new abortion ban, Reuters, 12 July 2022.
  302. ↑ Chapter 9.02, Abortion, Revised Code of Washington, Washington State Legislature.
  303. ↑ House Bill 302, West Virginia Legislature, 2022.
  304. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  305. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  306. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  307. ↑ HB0092, Wyoming Legislature, 2022.
  308. ↑ HB0152, Wyoming Legislature, 2023.
  309. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  310. ↑ Law on voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Abortion law, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, 30 October 2012 Template:In lang.
  311. ↑ Manual of Procedures for the Sanitary Management of Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy, Ministry of Public Health, 2014 Template:In lang.
  312. ↑ "Об утверждении стандартов искусственного прерывания беременности" [On approval of standards for artificial termination of pregnancy]. Law No. 312 of 10 September 2013 Template:In lang. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021.
  313. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  314. ↑ Penal Code of Venezuela, Official Gazette of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 20 October 2000. Article 435 Template:In lang.
  315. ↑ Protocols of care. Prenatal care and emergency obstetric care, Government of Venezuela, March 2014 Template:In lang.
  316. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  317. ↑ https://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/the-thao-y-te/luat-bao-ve-suc-khoe-nhan-dan-1989-21-lct-hdnn8-37690.aspx 44
  318. ↑ https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1197106/1504_1218032308_republican-decree-by-law-no-12-for-1994-concerning-crimes-and-penalties.pdf (penal code) https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=11424 art.240 https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=11755
  319. ↑ The Termination of Pregnancy Act, National Assembly of Zambia.
  320. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  321. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Updated as of 16 July 2019.
  322. ↑ Abortion Ordinance, Sovereign Base Areas Gazette, 21 October 1974.
  323. ↑ 46.3903 Authorized abortions, Annotated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association.
  324. ↑ Criminal Code of Anguilla, Government of Anguilla, 15 December 2014.
  325. ↑ Criminal Code of Aruba, Government of Aruba, 28 September 2021. Articles 2:270 to 2:272 Template:In lang.
  326. ↑ Criminal Code Act 1907 Template:Webarchive, Bermuda Laws Online, 30 August 2020.
  327. ↑ Criminal Code of the Virgin Islands, Government of the British Virgin Islands, 1997.
  328. ↑ Penal Code, Government of the Cayman Islands, 2019.
  329. ↑ Crimes Act 1969, Cook Islands Sessional Legislation, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Sections 202–207.
  330. ↑ Criminal Code, Government of Curaçao, 2019. Template:In lang
  331. ↑ Crimes Ordinance 2014, Falkland Islands Government, 2019.
  332. ↑ Law no. 177 of 23 June 1956 on measures in connection with pregnancy etc., last amended by assembly law no. 168 from 16 December 2021, Løgting Template:In lang.
  333. ↑ Crimes (Amendment) Act 2019, Government of Gibraltar.
  334. ↑ Law No. 232, Law for Greenland about Termination of Pregnancy, Government of Greenland, 12 June 1975 Template:In lang.
  335. ↑ Offenses against the family, Compiler of Laws of Guam, 2018.
  336. ↑ AG: Old abortion ban was always void; Legislature can now decide, The Guam Daily Post, 9 July 2022.
  337. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gg1
  338. ↑ Abortion (Guernsey) Law, 1997, Guernsey Legal Resources, consolidated text effective 2 February 2022.
  339. ↑ Abortion Reform t 2019 Template:Webarchive, Isle of Man Legislation.
  340. ↑ Termination of Pregnancy (Jersey) Law 1997, Jersey Legal Information Board, 2019.
  341. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  342. ↑ Attorney General Opinion, Commonwealth Law Revision Commission, 10 March 1995.
  343. ↑ a b Penal Code of Puerto Rico of 2012, Government of Puerto Rico, 7 June 2022. Articles 98 to 100 Template:In lang.
  344. ↑ Criminal Code Template:Webarchive, Government of Sint Maarten, 2013. Template:In lang
  345. ↑ Crimes, Procedure and Evidence Rules 2003, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute, 2016.
  346. ↑ Offences Against the Person Ordinance, Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands, 31 March 2018.
  347. ↑ Abortion, 2019 US Virgin Islands Code, Title 14 § 151.
  348. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  349. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  350. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  351. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  352. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  353. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  354. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  355. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  356. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  357. ↑ Center for Reproductive Rights. (n.d.). Picketing and Harassment. Retrieved 14 December 2006. Template:Webarchive
  358. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  359. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  360. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bourne
  361. ↑ Template:Cite CanLII
  362. ↑ R v Davidson (Menhennitt ruling) [1969] VicRp 85, VR 667, Supreme Court (Vic, Australia)
  363. ↑ Order of the Second Senate of 28 May 1993 – 2 BvF 2/90, Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
  364. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pl1
  365. ↑ T., S. c/ Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires s/ amparo, Supreme Court of Argentina, 11 January 2001 Template:In lang.
  366. ↑ Template:Cite court
  367. ↑ R v Sood (No 3) [2006] NSWSC 762, Supreme Court (NSW, Australia)
  368. ↑ Tysiąc v Poland, Council of Europe, 20 March 2007.
  369. ↑ Women's Rights in the Abortion Decision of the Slovak Constitutional Court, 2014.
  370. ↑ Template:Cite court
  371. ↑ Nepal Supreme Court: Abortion Is a Right, 3 January 2011.
  372. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  373. ↑ F., A. L. s/medida autosatisfactiva, Supreme Court of Argentina, 13 March 2012 Template:In lang.
  374. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  375. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  376. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  377. ↑ Sentence 0206/2014, Plurinational Constitutional Court, 5 February 2014 Template:In lang.
  378. ↑ Dominican Republic Constitutional Court Repeals Abortion Law, 12 April 2015.
  379. ↑ RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG, Women's Link Worldwide, 30 October 2015.
  380. ↑ Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia No. UI-60/1991 and others of 21 February 2017 and Separate opinion, Narodne novine Template:In lang.
  381. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  382. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kr
  383. ↑ FIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others, Kenyalaw.org, 12 June 2019.
  384. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named pl2
  385. ↑ Ruling No. 4/2563 (2020), Constitutional Court of Thailand, 19 February B.E. 2563 (2020). Archived from the original on 10 November 2021.
  386. ↑ Sentence C-088/20, Constitutional Court of Colombia, 2 March 2020 Template:In lang.
  387. ↑ Sentence No. 34-19-IN/21 and accumulated, Constitutional Court of Ecuador, 28 Abril 2021 Template:In lang.
  388. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mx3
  389. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mx4
  390. ↑ Press Release No. 273/2021: SCJN invalidates provision of the Sinaloa Constitution that protected the right to life from conception and limited the right of women to reproductive autonomy, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 9 September 2021 Template:In lang.
  391. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  392. ↑ Press Release No. 276/2021: The SCJN invalidates the precept of the general health law that provided for conscious objection of medical and nursing personnel without establishing the necessary safeguards to guarantee the right to health, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 20 September 2021 Template:In lang.
  393. ↑ Manuela and Others v. El Salvador, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 2 November 2021 Template:In lang.
  394. ↑ India's top court gives equal abortion access to all women, Associated Press, 29 September 2022.
  395. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mx5
  396. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mx6
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