Lector
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Lector is Latin for one who reads, whether aloud or not. In modern languages it takes various forms, as either a development or a loan, such as Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx and Template:Langx. It has various specialized uses.
Academic
The title lector may be applied to lecturers and readers at some universities. There is also the title lector jubilate, which is an equivalent of Doctor of Divinity.
In the teaching of modern languages at universities in the United Kingdom, a native speaker who assists with language skills would be called a lector, and if a female she may be called a lectrice.[1]
In Dutch higher education the title lector is used for the leader of a research group (lectoraat) at a university of applied sciences. The title is officially translated to professor in English. The lector has a comparable set of tasks as (higher ranked) full professors at a (research) university, albeit at an applied rather than a fundamental scientific level.
In French higher education the titles lecteur and lectrice correspond to a specific status reserved for instructors of foreign languages, often from a country that speaks that language, who have completed four years of post-secondary studies. These lecteurs and lectrices do not have research obligations, and are generally limited to an employment period of one to two years.[2]
Ecclesiastical
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". A religious reader is sometimes referred to as a lector. The lector proclaims the Scripture readings[3] used in the Liturgy from the official liturgical book (lectionary).
Television
In Polish, lektor is also used to mean "off-screen reader" or "voice-over artist". A lektor is a (usually male) reader who provides the Polish voice-over on foreign-language programmes and films where the voice-over translation technique is used. This is the standard localization technique on Polish television and (as an option) on many DVDs; full dubbing is generally reserved for children's material.
Cigar factory lectors
Historically, lectors (known as Script error: No such module "Lang". in Cuba and Puerto Rico)[4] or readers in a cigar factory entertained workers by reading books or newspapers aloud, often left-wing publications, paid for by unions or by workers pooling their money. In the United States, the custom was common in the cigar factories of Ybor City in Tampa but was discontinued after the Ybor City cigar makers' strike of 1931.[5]
The practice apparently originated in Cuba.[6][7] Lectores were introduced in 1865 to educate and relieve boredom among cigar workers. Lectores, and their reading material, are chosen by the workers of the cigar factory. Lectores often take on extra-official roles and formerly acted as "spurs to dissent". since 2017[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., UNESCO is considering designating the profession a form of "intangible cultural heritage".[4] The Montecristo brand of cigars derives its name for the fondness that cigar makers had for listening to The Count of Monte Cristo.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite EB1911
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ El Lector, the Cigar Factory Reader of Ybor City
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ 20 Jobs That Have Disappeared Template:Webarchive, By Miranda Marquit, Main Street, thestreet.com, May 3, 2010.
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