Lansdowne portrait

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The Lansdowne portrait is an iconic life-size portrait of George Washington painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1796. It depicts the 64-year-old president of the United States during his final year in office. The portrait was a gift to former British Prime Minister William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne, and spent more than 170 years in England.

Stuart painted three replicas of the Lansdowne, and five portraits that were closely related to it.[1]Template:Rp His most famous replica has hung in the East Room of the White House since 1800. Numerous other artists also painted copies.

First Lady Dolley Madison, George Washington Parke Custis and others saved the White House replica from burning in the War of 1812.[2]

In 2001, to preclude the original Lansdowne Portrait's imminent sale at auction by Sotheby's New York, the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. purchased it for $20 million with donations from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation.[3]

Jay Treaty

The Lansdowne portrait likely (and fancifully) depicts President Washington's December 7, 1795 annual address to the Fourth U.S. Congress.[1]Template:Rp The highly unpopular Jay Treaty, settling claims between the United States and Great Britain left over from the Revolutionary War, had been presented to the U.S. Senate for approval earlier in the year. The Senate held a special session to debate the treaty in June, at which opposition to it had been fierce. Only two-thirds of the 30 senators (the minimum required under the U.S. Constitution) approved the treaty in mid-August, and Washington, who strongly supported the treaty, signed it in late August.[1]Template:Rp In his annual address, delivered to Congress on opening day of its next session, the President acknowledged the struggle over the Jay Treaty, and called for unity.[4] There was lingering resentment in the House of Representatives, which expressed its displeasure by declining to appropriate funding for the treaty's implementation until April 1796.[5]

In England, the Lansdowne portrait was celebrated as Washington's endorsement of the Jay Treaty:

The portrait presented by the President [sic] to the Marquis of Lansdowne is one of the finest pictures we have seen since the death of Reynolds. The dress he wears is plain black velvet; he has his sword on, upon the hilt of which one hand rests while the other is extended, as the figure is standing and addressing the Hall of Assembly. The point of time is that when he recommended inviolable union between America and Great Britain.[6]

Washington's December 7, 1795 address was the last that he delivered to Congress in person. The following year the President published his Farewell Address in the newspapers, rather than delivering it to Congress.[1]Template:Rp

Stuart

Gilbert Stuart and his family were Loyalists, and moved from Rhode Island to Canada early in the Revolutionary War.[7] Stuart himself lived and painted in London from 1775 to 1787, and in Dublin from 1787 to 1793.[7] Following almost eighteen years abroad, the artist returned to the United States in early 1793.[7]

Lord Lansdowne – who as British Prime Minister had secured a peaceful end to the War – commissioned Stuart to paint a portrait of George Washington.[8] Lansdowne may have placed the order prior to the artist's 1793 departure for the United States.[9]Template:Rp Stuart lived and worked in New York City for a year and a half before moving to Philadelphia in November 1794.[10] He informed his uncle in Philadelphia of his upcoming arrival: "The object of my journey is only to secure a picture of the President, & finish yours."[11]

Philadelphia served as the temporary national capital from 1790 to 1800 – while Washington, D.C. was under construction. Stuart was introduced to the President in December 1794, at one of Mrs. Washington's Friday evening "drawingrooms."[1]Template:Rp But it was not until the following fall that Washington granted him a sitting. Meanwhile, Stuart gathered orders for portraits—among his papers is a document titled: "A list of gentlemen who are to have copies of the portrait of the President of the United States." and dated: "Philadelphia. April 20th, 1795."[12]Template:Rp Lord Lansdowne's name was third on the list of thirty-two subscribers.[12]Template:RpTemplate:Efn

Sittings

According to Rembrandt Peale, President Washington granted a single joint sitting to Stuart and him "in the Autumn of 1795."[12]Template:Rp Stuart was not wholly satisfied with the resulting head-and-bust portrait, but still painted between twelve and sixteen replicas of it.[1]Template:Rp Now known as the "Vaughan-style" portraits,[12]Template:Rp the original of these is in the National Gallery of Art.[13]

While visiting London a decade earlier, Senator William Bingham of Pennsylvania and his wife, Anne Willing Bingham, had sat for a family portrait by Stuart (unlocated).[1]Template:Rp The artist seems to have approached Mrs. Bingham for assistance in getting the President to grant him another sitting:[12]Template:Rp

Template:Quote

According to Rembrandt Peale, this was the only sitting Washington granted for the Lansdowne portrait.[1]Template:Rp It took place at Stuart's studio (and lodgings) in the William Moore Smith house, at the southeast corner of 5th & Chestnut Streets.[1]Template:Rp With severely limited time, Stuart was forced to concentrate on the President's head and face.[1]Template:Rp There are multiple claims as to who posed for the body of the figure, including his landlord, Smith.Template:Efn

Stuart began the portrait in Philadelphia and completed it in Germantown, then some Script error: No such module "convert". outside the city limits.[1]Template:Rp To avoid distractions, the artist rented a Germantown house in Summer 1796 and set up a studio on the second floor of its stable.[1]Template:Rp The Binghams had enjoyed Lord Lansdowne's hospitality in London, and persuaded Stuart to allow them to pay for the portrait.[1]Template:Rp Stuart completed the Lansdowne portrait by the fall of 1796, and Senator Bingham paid his fee of $1,000.[1]Template:Rp Bingham had an ornate frame made for the portrait, and arranged for it to be shipped to England in late November. Lord Lansdowne had received the portrait by March 5, 1797, when he mentioned it in a letter.[12]Template:Rp Lansdowne's letter of thanks to Mrs. Bingham survives, but is undated:

A very fine portrait of the greatest man living in a magnificent frame found its way into my hall, with no one thing left for me to do regarding it, except to thank the amiable donor of it. It is universally approv'd and admir'd, and I see with satisfaction, that there is no one who does not turn away from every thing else, to pay their homage to General Washington. Among many circumstances which contribute to enhance the value of it, I shall always consider the quarter from whence it comes as most flattering, & I look forward with the greatest pleasure to the time of shewing you and Mr. Bingham where I have plac'd it.[1]Template:Rp

Replicas

Stuart's first replica of the portrait was for the Binghams (now at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts), and would have been completed before the original left his studio in late 1796.[1] The President and First Lady visited Germantown on January 7, 1797: "Road [rode] to German Town with Mrs. Washington to see Mr. Stuarts paintings."[14] The Bingham replica was still in the studio on July 27, 1797, when Robert Gilmor Jr. viewed it.[15] The William Kerin Constable replica (now at the Brooklyn Museum) was completed that same month.[1]Template:Rp The Gardiner Baker replica (now at the White House) is presumed to have been the painting commissioned by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney in September 1796, likely as a diplomatic gift to France.Template:Efn Pinckney paid for but never retrieved his replica from Stuart's studio, and the artist seems to have resold the portrait to Gardiner Baker by December 1797.[16]

Provenance

Most of the owners of the Lansdowne Portrait have been Britons, although it spent 35 years owned by American expatriates living in England, and 48 years owned by the British-citizen descendants of American expatriates.

After the death of Lord Lansdowne, his pictures were sold by auction. The Washington was purchased by Samuel Williams, an English [sic] merchant, for $2,000. Williams subsequently became insolvent, and his creditors disposed of the Washington by a lottery. Forty tickets were sold, at fifty guineas each. The picture fell to Mr. J. Delaware Lewis, a nephew of Mr. William D. Lewis, of Philadelphia. But few Americans had ever seen the picture, and Mr. William D. Lewis, who was Chairman of the Committee on Art, obtained the loan of it from his nephew for the Centennial Exhibition. It was sent out with the loan collection from England, unpacked at Memorial Hall, and hung up in the British section before its arrival was known to the Fine Arts Committee. An effort was subsequently made to have it transferred to the American section, but it was unsuccessful. At the close of the Exhibition, it was returned to its owner in England.[12]Template:Rp

Chronology

  • 1796 – Painted by Gilbert Stuart.
  • 1797 – Presented by Senator William Bingham and his wife Anne Willing Bingham as a gift to William Petty, the first Marquis of Lansdowne (died 1805).
  • 1806 – Purchased in March, at the sale of the Marquis's estate by Samuel Williams, an American merchant living in England.[17]
  • 1827 – Purchased through lottery by John Delaware Lewis (1774–1841), an American merchant living in England.[17]
  • 1841 – Inherited by John Delaware Lewis Jr. (1828–1884), son of the American and later a British Member of Parliament[17]
  • 1876 – Exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia.
  • 1884 – Inherited by Herman LeRoy Lewis.[17]
  • 1889 – Purchased by Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth Earl of Rosebery; by family descent to Lord Harry Dalmeny.[17]
  • 1968 – Placed on long-term loan by Lord Harry Dalmeny to the National Portrait Gallery.[18]
  • 2001 – Purchased by the National Portrait Gallery, with $20 million from The Donald W. Reynolds Foundation.[3] The Foundation donated an additional $10 million to renovate the National Portrait Gallery and to fund a traveling exhibition of the portrait.[19]

Description and analysis

File:Lansdowne portrait table leg.png
The table leg may have been inspired by a wooden ceremonial mace used by the U.S. House of Representatives (the U.S. House symbol was itself inspired by the Roman fasces). The House mace was a bundle of tied reeds topped with a bald eagle, an American symbol.
File:Gilbert Stuart - George Washington (detail of book labels) - Google Art Project.jpg
Detail of the book bindings in the White House's copy of the Lansdowne portrait. "UNITED STATES" is spelled as "UNITED SATES" to distinguish the copy.

The painting is full of symbolism, drawn from American and ancient Roman symbols of the Roman Republic. Stuart painted Washington from life, showing him standing up, dressed in a black velvet suit with an outstretched hand held up in an oratorical manner. Behind Washington is a row of two Doric columns, with another row to the left. Wrapped around and between the columns are red tasseled drapes.

Washington's suit is plain and simple, and the sword he holds on his left side is a dress sword and not a battle sword (symbolizing a democratic form of government, rather than a monarchy or military dictatorship). In the sky, storm clouds appear on the left while a rainbow appears on the right, signifying the American Revolutionary War giving way to the peace and prosperity of the new United States after the 1783 Treaty of Paris. The medallion at the top of the chair shows the red, white, and blue colors of the American flag.

File:Lansdowne portrait rainbow.jpg
Detail of the rainbow in the Lansdowne portrait. Note that the colors of the rainbow are reversed, similar to the secondary arc of a double rainbow but with no visible primary rainbow.

On and under the tablecloth-draped table to the left are two books: Federalist—probably a reference to the Federalist Papers—and Journal of Congress—the Congressional Record. Another five books are under the table: the three to the right are General Orders, American Revolution, and Constitutional Bylaws—symbolizing Washington's leadership as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and president of the Constitutional Convention.

The pen and paper on the table signify the rule of law. The table's leg is carved as a fasces, a bundle of bound wooden rods that symbolized imperial power and authority in ancient Rome. On the table is a silver inkwell, emblazed with George Washington's coat of arms, which alludes to his signing of the Jay Treaty.[1]Template:Rp A white quill rests upon silver dogs, ancient symbols of loyalty. Behind these on the table is the President's large black hat.

Washington's unusually clenched facial expression comes from his famous false teeth. Jean-Antoine Houdon's marble sculpture of Washington shows a more natural expression. Stuart wrote: "When I painted him [Washington], he had just had a set of false teeth inserted, which accounts for the constrained expression so noticeable about the mouth and lower part of the face ... Houdon's bust does not suffer from this defect."

Alternate versions

Constable-Hamilton portrait

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Stuart painted a 1797 seated portrait of Washington, based on the Lansdowne. William Kerin Constable, who commissioned the Lansdowne replica now at the Brooklyn Museum, also commissioned the seated version.[12]Template:Rp Constable presented it to Alexander Hamilton in 1797.[12]Template:Rp The portrait remained in the Hamilton family until 1896, when it was bequeathed to the Lenox Library.[20] The Lenox Library later merged with the New York Public Library. The portrait was auctioned at Sotheby's NY, 30 November 2005, lot 3, and sold for $8,136,000.[21] The Constable-Hamilton Portrait is now in the collection of the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, in Bentonville, Arkansas.[20]

Munro-Lenox portrait

File:Munro-Lenox Portrait from NYPL.jpg
1797 Portrait by Gilbert Stuart

Stuart made several changes for the Munro-Lenox portrait (c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".1800):[22] Washington's head is slightly turned, and his hand is on the table, rather than gesturing into the air. The President looks directly at the viewer, rather than off to the side, which makes it a more compelling image than the Lansdowne.[23] The head appears to be based on Stuart's Athenaeum portrait (the image on the one-dollar bill).[23] The wall behind the President is lowered, allowing for a more dramatic scene of the sun breaking through the storm clouds. After 135 years of ownership by the New York Public Library, the Munro-Lenox portrait was deassessioned and offered for auction in 2005.[24] It failed to sell at auction, and was sold in a private sale for an undisclosed amount to Michael and Judy Steinhardt.[25]

Stuart painted three full-size replicas of the Munro-Lenox Portrait, one for the Connecticut State House in Hartford; and two for Rhode Island—one for the State House in Providence, and the other for Old Colony House in Newport.[23]

Painted by Gilbert Stuart

Type Collection Image Artist Completed Medium Dimensions Notes
Lansdowne type
Original Lansdowne portrait[18]
National Portrait Gallery,
Washington, D.C. 		File:Gilbert Stuart - George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait) - Google Art Project.jpg Gilbert Stuart Fall 1796 oil on canvas 247.6 cm x 158.7 cm
(97 1/2 x 62 1/2 in) 		Begun April 12, 1796
Unsigned & undated
Placed on long-term loan to the National Portrait Gallery, 1968
Purchased by the National Portrait Gallery, 2001
Replica Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,[26]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 		File:Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts - Washington Foyer.jpg
at far left 		Gilbert Stuart by November 1796 oil on canvas 243.8 cm x 152.4 cm
(96 in x 60 in) 		Commissioned by Senator William Bingham
Signed & dated: "G. Stuart, 1796"[27]
Present in Stuart's Germantown studio, July 1797[15]
1811 bequest by Bingham to PAFA[28]
Replica Brooklyn Museum,[29]
Brooklyn, New York City 		File:Gilbert Stuart - George Washington - Google Art Project (6966745)FXD.jpg Gilbert Stuart July 1797 oil on canvas 244.5 cm x 153 cm
(96 1/4 in x 60 1/4 in) 		Commissioned by William Kerin Constable.[30]
Unsigned & undated
Constable paid Stuart $500 for "one [portrait] of the late President of the United States at full length." Constable's receipt from Stuart is signed and dated "Philadelphia. 13 July 1797."[1]Template:Rp
1945 museum purchase[31]
Replica White House, East Room,
Washington, D.C. 		File:Gilbert Stuart - George Washington - Google Art Project.jpg Gilbert Stuart (and
William Winstanley?)Template:Efn 		by December 1797 oil on canvas 241.3 cm x 151.9 cm
(95 in x 59 3/4 in) 		Probably commissioned by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, September 1796, as a diplomatic gift to France.[5]
Unsigned & undated
Purchased from Stuart by Gardiner Baker for $500, by December 1797.[1]Template:Rp
Exhibited at Tammany Society Museum, New York City, February 1798.[1]Template:Rp
Purchased for the White House for $800, July 1800.[9]Template:Rp
Rescued by First Lady Dolley Madison prior to the August 24, 1814 burning of the White House by the British.[32]
Constable-Hamilton type
Original Constable-Hamilton Portrait[20]
Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art,
Bentonville, Arkansas 		File:Stuart-george-washington-constable-1797.jpg Gilbert Stuart July 1797 oil on canvas 127 cm x 101.6 cm
(50 in x 40 in) 		Commissioned by William Kerin Constable, as a gift to Alexander Hamilton.[20]
Constable paid $250 for the "half-length" portrait. His receipt from Stuart is signed and dated "Philadelphia. 13 July 1797."[1]Template:Rp
1896 bequest to the Lenox Library (later merged with New York Public Library)[20]
Ex collection: Lenox Library
Ex collection:New York Public Library
Auctioned at Sotheby's NY, 30 November 2005, Lot 3.[21]
Munro-Lenox type
Original Munro-Lenox Portrait[22]
Private collection 		File:Munro-Lenox Portrait from NYPL.jpg Gilbert Stuart c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".1800 oil on canvas 241.3 cm x 162.6 cm
(95 in x 64 in) 		Commissioned by Peter Jay Munro
Signed "G. St." (on table leg), undated
Donated to the Lenox Library, 1870.
Ex collection: Lenox Library
Ex collection: New York Public Library
Auctioned at Sotheby's NY, 30 November 2005, Lot 5.[24]
Replica Old State House,
Connecticut State Library Museum,[33]
Hartford, Connecticut 		File:Lansdowne portrait of Washington in the Old State House, Hartford Connecticut.jpg Gilbert Stuart April 1801 oil on canvas 240.4 cm x 146.1 cm
(94 5/8 in x 57 1/2 in) 		Commissioned by the Connecticut General Assembly, May 1800.[9]Template:Rp[34][35]
Connecticut paid $600 for the portrait. The receipt, signed by Stuart and dated 4 April 1801, is in the Connecticut State Archives.[1]Template:Rp
Replica Rhode Island State House,[36][37]
State Reception Room,
Providence, Rhode Island. 		File:State Reception Room, Rhode Island State House.jpg Gilbert Stuart by October 1801 oil on canvas
(96 in x 60 in) 		Rhode Island had statehouses in both Providence and Newport (until 1901). The Rhode Island General Assembly commissioned 2 copies of the Munro-Lenox portrait in 1800, one for each statehouse.[9]Template:Rp
The elaborate wooden frame was carved and gilded by Martin Jugiez, a Philadelphia carver.[23]
Both portraits (and their ornate frames) were transported by ship from Philadelphia, and arrived at Newport in October 1801.Template:Efn
Replica Old Colony House (formerly
Rhode Island State House, Newport),[38][39]
Newport, Rhode Island 		Gilbert Stuart by October 1801 oil on canvas Old Colony House served as a Rhode Island State House until 1901.[40]
The elaborate wooden frame was carved and gilded by Martin Jugiez, a Philadelphia carver.[23]
Arrived by ship at Newport, October 1801.[1]Template:Rp

Copies painted by other artists

The Lansdowne and Munro-Lenox portraits were copied many times, and reproduced in widely circulated prints.[29] William Winstanley (1775–1806), a British landscape painter working in the United States,[41] reportedly painted six full-size copies of the Lansdowne.[42] During the 19th century, Jane Stuart (the artist's daughter) painted multiple copies of the Lansdowne in full and reduced sizes. Alonzo Chappel included elements of the Lansdowne in his c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".1860 seated portrait of Washington (Metropolitan Museum of Art).[43]

Lansdowne type

Munro-Lenox type

Related works

  • Engraving: General Washington by James Heath, 1800, London
  • George Washington by Alonzo Chappel, c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • Chromolithograph: George Washington by Augustus Weidenbach, 1876[62]

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Ellen Gross Miles, "George Washington (The Lansdowne Portrait)," in Gilbert Stuart (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004), pp. 166–90.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ George Washington – Seventh Annual Address to Congress, from The American Presidency Project.
  5. ↑ a b Ellen G. Miles, ""Gilbert Stuart's 'Lansdowne' Portrait of George Washington: From Private Diplomatic Gift to State Portrait," lecture given at the National Portrait Gallery, September 25, 2014.[1]
  6. ↑ The Oracle and Public Advertiser (London), May 15, 1797.
  7. ↑ a b c National Gallery of Art Template:Webarchive. Gilbert Stuart. Philadelphia (1794–1803). Accessed: October 15, 2019.
  8. ↑ William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne (Whig, 1782–1783), from The National Archives (UK.gov).
  9. ↑ a b c d Elizabeth Bryant Johnston, Original Portraits of Washington (Boston: James R. Osgood & Company, 1882).
  10. ↑ Bryan Zygmont, "Gilbert Stuart's Lansdowne Portrait", from Khan Academy.
  11. ↑ Stuart to Joseph Anthony, 2 November 1794, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. Quoted in Miles, pp. 129–30.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i George Champlin Mason, The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894).
  13. ↑ George Washington (Vaughn portrait) from National Gallery of Art.
  14. ↑ Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, eds., The Diaries of George Washington, Volume 6 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1976–79), p. 229.
  15. ↑ a b Robert Gilmor Jr., Memorandums Made in a Tour to the Eastern States in the Year 1797 (Boston: Trustees of the Boston Public Library, 1892), p. 6.
  16. ↑ Bonnie Barrett Stretch, "The White House Washington, If Stuart Didn't Paint It, Who Did?" ArtNews, October 1, 2004.[2]
  17. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait), from National Portrait Gallery.
  19. ↑ Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, Special Projects
  20. ↑ a b c d e George Washington – The Constable-Hamilton Portrait, from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.
  21. ↑ a b George Washington (Constable-Hamilton Portrait), from Sotheby's NY.
  22. ↑ a b George Washington – The Munro-Lenox Portrait, from SIRIS.
  23. ↑ a b c d e Ellen Gross Miles, "George Washington (The Munro-Lenox Portrait)," in Gilbert Stuart (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004), pp. 186–90.
  24. ↑ a b George Washington – The Munro-Lenox Portrait, from Sotheby's New York.
  25. ↑ Carol Vogel, "A Pair of New Owners for an Old President", The New York Times, January 5, 2007.
  26. ↑ Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, Artist Gilbert Stuart's portraits of George Washington. Template:Webarchive Accessed: May 11, 2012.
  27. ↑ Helen W. Henderson, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and Other Collections in Philadelphia (Boston: L. C. Page & Company, 1899), frontispiece, p. 81.[3]
  28. ↑ George Washington (Bingham portrait), from Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ George Washington (Constable portrait), from SIRIS.
  31. ↑ George Washington, Gilbert Stuart, from Brooklyn Museum.
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ George Washington (Hartford portrait), from SIRIS.
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ George Washington (Providence portrait), from SIRIS.
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ George Washington (Newport portrait), from SIRIS.
  39. ↑ James L. Yarnell, "The Full-Length Portrait of George Washington in the Newport Colony House," Newport History: Journal of the Newport Historical Society, nos. 72–73 (Fall 2003–Spring 2004), pp. 150–59.
  40. ↑ Colony House, from Newport Historical Society.
  41. ↑ George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 5 September 1793, note 1, from National Archives.[4]
  42. ↑ William Dunlap, History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States vol. 1 (New York: George C. Scott and Co., 1834), pp. 200–02.
  43. ↑ George Washington – Design for an Engraving, (c. 1860) by Alonzo Chappel, from Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ George Washington: Lansdowne Type (The Kuhl-Harrison Portrait), from Anderson Galleries Inc., New York, 1936.
  48. ↑ George Washington (Philadelphia Masonic Temple) from SIRIS.
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ George Washington (Greenbrier), from SIRIS.
  52. ↑ George Washington (Redwood Library), from SIRIS.
  53. ↑ Copy of Lansdowne Portrait, from Birmingham Museum of Art.
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Lionel Cust, "Stuart's Portrait of Washington," The Anglo-Saxon Review, vol. 1, no. 1 (June 1899), (London and New York, John Lane), p. 85.[5]
  57. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ A Catalogue of the Collection of American Paintings in The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Volume 1 (The Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1966), p. 81.
  60. ↑ George Washington (Munro-Lenox type), from National Portrait Gallery.
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ George Washington by Weidenbach from Library of Congress.

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External links

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