Kota language (India)
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Kota is a language of the Dravidian family with about 900 native speakers in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is spoken mainly by the tribal Kota people (India). In the late 1800s, the native speaking population was about 1,100.[1] In 1990, the population was only 930, out of an ethnic population of perhaps 1,400, despite the great increase in the population of the area.[2] The language is 'critically endangered' due to the greater social status of neighbouring languages.[3] The Kota language may have originated from Tamil-Kannada and is closely related to the Toda language. The Kota population is about 2500. The origin of the name Kota is derived from the Dravidian root word 'Ko' meaning Mountain.[4][5] Traditionally Kota and Toda are seen as from a single branch Toda-Kota which separated from Tamil-Kota but recently Krishnamurti considers it to have diverged first from Tamil-Kota and later Toda as it does not have the centralized vowels characterized for Tamil-Toda.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| High | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||
| Mid | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||
| Low | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||||
Kota notably doesn't have central vowels like the other Nilgiri languages, Toda, the closest language also has it.
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | |||
| Stop | voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | t̠ | Template:IPAlink | |
| voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | d̠ | Template:IPAlink | ||
| Affricate | voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | |||||
| voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | ||||||
| Fricative | |||||||
| Tap | Template:IPAlink | ||||||
| Approx. | centralScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||||
| lateralScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | |||||
[Script error: No such module "IPA".] and [Script error: No such module "IPA".] occur in free variation with /Script error: No such module "IPA"./ and /Script error: No such module "IPA"./. [Script error: No such module "IPA".] occurs as an allophone of /Script error: No such module "IPA"./ before retroflexes.
References
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- ↑ Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. London: Trübner & Company
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Prema, S. n.d. "Status of Dravidian Tribal Languages in Kerala" University of Kerala
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Further reading
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- Emeneau, M.B. 1944. Kota TextsScript error: No such module "Unsubst". California: University of California Press.
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
External links
- Olympic Song Practice Session in Kota Language & Style
- The hare in the moon and eclipses of the moon
- Kota Swadesh List
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