Kirtland Formation

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File:Kirtland Formation Outcrops Near Coal Creek by Nick Longrich.jpg
Kirtland Formation outcrops near Coal Creek

The Kirtland Formation (originally the Kirtland Shale) is a sedimentary geological formation.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Description

The Kirtland Formation is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation. It is found in the San Juan Basin in the states of New Mexico and Colorado, in the United States of America.

The base of the Kirtland Formation and its lowest sub-unit, the Hunter Wash member, has been dated to 75.02 ± 0.13 Ma.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Together with the upper part of the underlying Fruitland Formation, this contains fossils representing the Hunter Wash local fauna. The border between the Hunter Wash member and overlying Farmington member dates to approximately 74 million years ago. The top of the Farmington member and bottom of the overlying De-na-zin member has been radiometrically dated to 73.83 ± 0.18 Ma ago. The top of the De-na-zin member, which contains the Willow Wash local fauna, has been dated to 73.49 ± 0.25 Ma ago.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Overlying the De-na-zin member is a unit called the Naashoibito member This has often been considered to be part of the Kirtland formation, but more recently has been transferred back to the overlying Ojo Alamo Formation, which it had originally been part of.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

History of investigation

The formation was named by C.M. Bauer in 1916 for exposures near the Kirtland Post Office.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Stratigraphy

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File:San Juan Basin Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy PeerJ e5435 fig 1.png
Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the San Juan Basin

Vertebrate paleofauna

Saurischians

Saurischians of the Kirtland Formation
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images

AlamosaurusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

A. sanjuanensisScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Specimens actually from the Naashoibito member of the Ojo Alamo FormationScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Alamosaurus.jpg
Alamosaurus
File:Bistahieversor.jpg
Bistahieversor
File:Saurornitholestes MOR1.jpg
Saurornitholestes
File:Struthiomimus altus.JPG
Struthiomimus

AublysodonScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

A. mirandusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

  • Hunter WashScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Remains are now referred to Bistahieversor, although these remains may possibly have come from the Fruitland Formation.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
BistahieversorScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". B. sealeyiScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Hunter WashScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 An articulated skull and undescribed postcranial skeleton of an adult individual, and an incomplete skull and postcranial skeleton of a juvenile individual.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". A eutyrannosaur tyrannosauroid also known from the Fruitland Formation.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Caenagnathidae[1] Indeterminate[1] A nearly complete right tibia[1] Indeterminate caenagnathid remains.[1]

DaspletosaurusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

IndeterminateScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

  • Hunter WashScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Remains are now referred to Bistahieversor, although these remains may possibly have come from the Fruitland Formation.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Dromaeosauridae[2] Indeterminate[2] Numerous isolated teeth.[2] Indeterminate dromaeosaurid remains.[2]
Ornithomimidae[2] Indeterminate[2] A distal end of a phalanx, and [two] partial manual unguals.[2] Indeterminate ornithomimid remains.[2]
SaurornitholestesScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". S. sullivaniScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • De-na-zinScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 A nearly complete frontal.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". A saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid, sister taxa to Saurornitholestes langstoni.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
"Saurornitholestes" "S." robustusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • De-na-zinScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 A nearly complete frontal.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Originally assigned to Saurornitholestes, actually a troodontid.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
cf. Struthiomimus[2] cf. S. altus[2] A centrum of a dorsal vertebra, distal portion of a metatarsal, and proximal phalanx.[2] Indeterminate remains that may belong to Struthiomimus altus.[2]
Tyrannosauridae[2] Indeterminate[2] A partial skeleton, dentary, metatarsal, and numerous teeth.[2] Indeterminate tyrannosaurid material.[2]

Ornithischians

Ornithischians reported from the Kirtland Formation
Genus Species Member Material Notes Images

AhshislepeltaScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

A. minorScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Hunter WashScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 A partial girdle, scapulocoracoids, humerus, proximal portion of the radius, cervical and/or dorsal vertebrae, complete and fragmentary thoracic osteoderms, and other unidentifiable postcranial fragments.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid part of the Hunter Wash Member.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:New Mexico Pentaceratops.jpg
Bisticeratops
File:Kritosaurus.jpg
Kritosaurus
File:Naashoibitosaurus.jpg
Naashoibitosaurus
File:Akainacephalus and nodocephalosaurus skulls.jpg
Nodocephalosaurus (right)
File:Pentaceratops sternbergii holotype AMNH6325.jpg
Pentaceratops
File:Sphaerotholus.png
Sphaerotholus
File:Royal Tyrrell Museum Stegoceras.jpg
Stegoceras
File:Terminocavus.png
Terminocavus
File:Navajoceratops.png
Navajoceratops
File:Titanoceratops.jpg
Titanoceratops
File:Ziapelta sanjuanensis.png
Ziapelta

Anasazisaurus[3]

A. horneri[3] An incomplete skull consisting of premaxillae, nasals, maxilla, lacrimal, jugal, prefrontal, postorbital, squamosal, frontal, parietal, and fragment of dentary with teeth.[3] A kritosaurin hadrosaurid from the De-Na-Zin Member.[3]
Bisticeratops[4] B. froeseorum[4] A nearly complete skull.[4] A chasmosaurine ceratopsid, originally identified as a specimen of Pentaceratops.[4]
Kritosaurus[3] K. navajovius[3] [Two] incomplete skulls, an atlas, axis and cervical vertebrae.[3] A kritosaurin hadrosaurid also known from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation of Mexico.[3]
Naashoibitosaurus[3] N.ostromi[3] A skull lacking the premaxillae and mandible, a partial humerus, cervical vertebrae and dorsal vertebrae.[3] A kritosaurin hadrosaurid, distinct from Kritosaurus.[3]
Nodocephalosaurus[5] N. kirtlandensis[5] A partial skull.[5] An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid that has cranial ornamentation similar to Akainacephalus, an ankylosaur from the Kaiparowits Formation.[5][6]
ParasaurolophusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". P. tubicenScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • De-na-zinScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 [Two] incomplete and fragmentary skulls.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid known from partial cranial remains.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

PentaceratopsScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

P. fenestratusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • De-na-zin MemberScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 A crushed but nearly complete skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapulae, coracoids, radii, ulnae, ischia, ilia, pubes, femora, tibiae, astragali, manual phalanxes and manual unguals.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". A junior synonym of Pentaceratops sternbergii, diagnostic characteristics of the species were pathologies.

P. sternbergiScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

  • De-na-zinScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 A crushed but nearly complete skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapulae, coracoids, radii, ulnae, ischia, ilia, pubes, femora, tibiae, astragali, manual phalanxes and manual unguals.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". A chasmosaurine ceratopsid also known from the Fruitland Formation.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sphaerotholus[7] S. goodwini[7] A partial skull lacking the facial and palatal elements.[7] A pachycephalosaurine pachycephalosaurid also known from the Hell Creek and Horseshoe Canyon Formation.[7]
Stegoceras[8] S. novomexicanum[8] An incomplete parietal.[8] A basal pachycephalosaurid also known from the upper Fruitland Formation.[8]
Terminocavus[9] T. sealeyi[9] A parietal, partial squamosal, jugal, epijugal, partial quadratojugal, partial sacrum and vertebral fragments.[9] A chasmosaurine ceratopsid that has been hypothesized to form an anagenetic series with several other chasmosaur species, including Navajoceratops.[9]
Navajoceratops[9] N. sullivani[9]
  • Hunter Wash
 A parietal, squamosal fragments, fused jugal\epijugal and other unidentified cranial fragments.[9] A chasmosaurine ceratopsid that has been hypothesized to form an anagenetic series with several other chasmosaur species, including Terminocavus.[9]
Titanoceratops[10] T. ouranos[10] A partial skull, syncervical vertebrae, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, ribs, humeri, radius, femora, tibiae, fibula, ilia, ischia, and ossified tendons.[10] Possibly represents a junior synonym of Pentaceratops, holotype may possibly have come from the Fruitland Formation.[10]

ZiapeltaScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Z. sanjuanensis
  • Hunter Wash Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • De-na-zin Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 A complete skull, [two] first cervical half-rings, fragmentary second cervical half ring, and numerous fragmentary osteoderms.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid closely related to Scolosaurus.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Kirtland Formation
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images

NavajodactylusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

N. boereiScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

  • Hunter Wash MemberScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Partial phalanx and ulna fragmentScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

A possible azhdarchid pterosaur known from fragmentary remains.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Crurotarsans

Crurotarsans of the Kirtland FormationScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images

Brachychampsa

B. montana

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

File:Brachychampsa NT small.jpg

Denazinosuchus

D. kirtlandicus

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

LeidyosuchusTemplate:Refn

IndeterminateTemplate:Refn

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Turtles

Turtles of the Kirtland FormationScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images

Basilemys

B. nobilis

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Denazinemys

D. nodosa

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Neurankylus

N. baueri

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Plastomenus

P. robustus

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Thescelus

T. hemispherica

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Bony fish

Bony fishes of the Kirtland FormationScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes

Melvius

M. chauliodous

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish of the Kirtland FormationScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes

Myledaphus

M. bipartitus

  • De-na-zin

Member of the Willow Wash local fauna.

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

See also

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References

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Bibliography

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Template:Chronostratigraphy of Colorado

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