List of monarchs of Georgia
(Redirected from King of Georgia)
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Redirect hatnote". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox former monarchy This is a list of kings and queens regnant of the kingdoms of Georgia before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.
For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.
Kings of Iberia
| Name | Portrait | Reign[1] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Pharnavaz I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარნავაზი |
File:Pharnavaz I relief (2).jpg | 299 – 234 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. |
Sauromaces I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
საურმაგ I |
234 – 159 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Pharnavaz. | |
Mirian I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირიან I |
159 – 109 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son-in-law and adopted son of Sauromaces I. | |
Pharnajom Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარნაჯომი |
109 – 90 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Mirian I. | |
Artaxias I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
არშაკ I |
90 – 78 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Husband of Pharnajom's sister. | |
Artoces Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
არტაგი |
78 – 63 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Artaxias I. | |
Pharnavaz II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარნავაზ II |
63 – 30 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Artoces. | |
Mirian II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირიან II |
30 – 20 BC Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Pharnajom. | |
Arshak II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
არშაკ II |
20 BC – 1 AD Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Mirian II. | |
Pharasmanes I the Great Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარსმან I დიდი |
File:Pharasmanes I, by TAILLASSON, JJ.jpg | 1 – 58 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Grandson of Pharnavaz II. |
Mihrdat I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირდატ I |
File:Mtskhet stella - Greek text.jpg | 58 – 106 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes I. |
Amazasp I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ამაზასპი |
106 – 116 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat I. | |
Pharasmanes II the Valiant Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარსმან II ქველი |
File:Pharasmanes II relief.jpg | 116 – 132 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp I. |
Ghadam Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ღადამი |
132 – 135 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes II. | |
Pharasmanes III Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარსმან III |
135 – 185 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Ghadam. | |
Amazasp II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ამაზასპ II |
185 – 189 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes III. | |
Rev I the Just Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
რევ I მართალი |
189 – 216 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Amazasp II's sister. | |
Vache Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ვაჩე |
216 – 234 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Rev I. | |
Bacurius I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ბაკურ I |
234 – 249 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Vache. | |
Mihrdat II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირდატ II |
249 – 265 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius I. | |
Amazasp III Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ამაზასპ III |
260 – 265 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
Anti-king of Iberia. | |
Aspacures I Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ასფაგურ I |
265 – 284 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat II. | |
Mirian III Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირიან III |
File:Mirian III fresco.JPG | 284 – 361 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Husband of Aspacures I's daughter. The 1st Georgian king who adopted Christianity and introduced it as a state religion during his reign. Co-ruled with his son Rev II of Iberia (345–361). |
Rev II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
რევ II |
File:Rev II relief.jpg | 345 – 361 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
| |
Sauromaces II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
საურმაგ II |
361 – 363 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Rev II. | |
Aspacures II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ასფაგურ II |
File:Bakur, son of Mirian, Svetitskhoveli fresco.jpg | 363 – 365 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Mirian III. |
Mihrdat III Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირდატ III |
365 – 380, Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
diarch 370–378 |
King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures II. Ruled with Sauromaces II between 370 and 378. | |
Aspacures III Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ასფაგურ III |
380 – 394 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat III. | |
Trdat Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
თრდატი |
394 – 406 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Rev II. | |
Pharasmanes IV Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარსმან IV |
406 – 409 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III. | |
Mihrdat IV Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირდატ IV |
File:Mihrdat IV relief.jpg | 409 – 411 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Aspacures III. |
Archil Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
არჩილი |
411 – 435 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat IV. | |
Mihrdat V Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
მირდატ V |
435 – 447 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Archil. | |
Vakhtang I Gorgasali Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ვახტანგ I გორგასალი |
File:Vakhtang I.jpg | 447 – 522 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Mihrdat V. |
Dachi Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
დაჩი |
522 – 534 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Vakhtang I. | |
Bacurius II Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ბაკურ II |
534 – 547 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Dachi. | |
Pharasmanes V Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარსმან V |
File:Pharasmanes V relief.jpg | 547 – 561 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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King of Iberia. Son of Bacurius II. |
Pharasmanes VI Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ფარსმან VI |
561 – ? Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
King of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes V's brother. | |
Bacurius III Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
ბაკურ III |
? – 580 Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
|
The last king of Iberia. Son of Pharasmanes VI. Kingship was abolished by Hormizd IV. |
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Presiding princes of Iberia
Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty
Bagrationi dynasty
Partitions of Georgia under Bagrationi rule
| Guaramid Principality of Iberia (780-786) Direct rule of Iberia by the Abbasid Caliphate (786-813) |
Duchy of Tao-Klarjeti (780-876) | ||
| Principality of Iberia (813-888) | |||
| Duchy of Javakheti (830-882) |
Duchy of Tao (830) Demoted to: Duchy of Upper Tao (930-1008)Template:Efn | ||
| Raised to: Kingdom of Iberia (888-1008) |
Duchy of Klarjeti (876-1028) |
||
| Annexed to the Byzantine Empire (1008-1073) | |||
| Renamed Kingdom of GeorgiaTemplate:Efn (1008-1259) | |||
| Kingdom of Western Georgia (1259-1330) |
Kingdom of Eastern Georgia (1259-1330) | ||
| Kingdom of Georgia (1330-1490)Template:Efn |
Kingdom of Kakheti (1463-1746) | ||
| Kingdom of Imereti (1490-1810) |
Kingdom of Kartli (1490-1746) | ||
| Kingdom of Kakheti-Kartli (1746-1800) | |||
| Annexed to the Russian Empire | |||
Table of rulers
| RulerTemplate:Efn | Born | Reign | Ruling part | Consort | Death | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adarnase I (ადარნასე I) |
c.740? Son of Template:Ill |
780 – 807 | Duchy of Tao (from 786 in Javakheti only) |
Unknown (daughter of Nerse of Iberia) one child |
807 aged at least 66-67? |
||
| Ashot I the Great (აშოტ I დიდი) |
File:Aschot I. (Iberien).jpg | c.770 Son of Adarnase |
786 – 830 | Duchy of Tao (with the Principality of Iberia since 813) |
Unknown four children |
c.830 Nigali valley aged 59-60? |
First of the Bagratid family to be Prince of Iberia, in 813. From his base in Tayk/Tao, he fought to enlarge the Bagratid territories and sought the Byzantine protectorate against the Arab encroachment. A patron of Christian culture and a friend of the church, he has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church. |
| Bagrat I (ბაგრატ I) |
822 Son of Ashot I |
830 – 876 | Duchy of Lower Tao (with the Principality of Iberia) |
Unknown (of Armenia) (daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni) three children |
876 aged at least 53-54 |
Children of Ashot, divided their patrimony. Bagrat was also Presiding Prince of Iberia, under Byzantine influence. Bagrat found himself in a constant struggle with the Arabs, the Abkhazians and the Kakhetians over the possession of central Iberia. Guaram left his property to his family, disregarding his own son. | |
| Adarnase II (ადარნასე II) |
c.825 Son of Ashot I |
830 – 867 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Bevreli of Abkhazia (daughter of Bagrat I of Abkhazia) three children |
867 aged at least 40-41 | ||
| Guaram (გუარამ) |
c.825 Son of Ashot I |
830 – 882 | Duchy of Javakheti | Unknown (of Armenia) (daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni) one child |
882 aged at least 55-56 | ||
| Javakheti divided between both parts of Tao | |||||||
| Gurgen I (გურგენ I) |
c.850 First son of Adarnase II and Bevreli of Abkhazia |
867 – 891 | Duchy of Upper Tao (with the Principality of Iberia since 881) |
Unknown (of Armenia) (daughter of Smbat VIII Bagratuni) two children |
891 aged 40-41 |
Children of Adarnase II, divided their inheritance. Gurgen joined prince Adarnase and king Ashot I of Armenia against prince Nasra of Javakheti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. Adarnase claimed a royal status since then, and Gurgen retained his patrimony. As for Sumbat, he ruled in Klarjeti with the title of mampali. | |
| Sumbat I (სუმბატ I) |
c.850 Second son of Adarnase II of Tao-Klarjeti and Bevreli of Abkhazia |
876 – 889 | Principality of Klarjeti | Khosrovanush two children |
889 aged 38-39 | ||
| David I (დავით I) |
c.850 Son of Bagrat I |
876 – 881 | Duchy of Lower Tao (with the Principality of Iberia) |
Unknown (daughter of Constantine III of Abkhazia) two children |
881 aged 30-31 |
||
| Adarnase IVTemplate:Efn (ადარნასე IV) |
c.850 Son of David I |
881 – 923Template:Efn | Kingdom of Iberia (in only Lower Tao until 888) |
Unknown six children |
923 aged 72-73 |
Adarnase, his cousin prince Gurgen of Iberia and king Ashot I of Armenia fought against prince Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti, who wanted to dispossess Adarnase of his patrimonial inheritance. The victory allowed the latter to claim a royal status for himself. Adarnase was, then, responsible for the restoration of the Iberian kingship, merging the principality of Iberia with his duchy of Lower Tao. The kingdom had been in abeyance since it had been abolished by Sasanian Empire in the 6th century. | |
| David I the Great (დავით I) |
c.875 Son of Sumbat I |
889 – 23 February 943 | Duchy of Klarjeti | Unknown one child |
23 February 943 aged 67-68 |
Children of Sumbat I, ruled jointly. | |
| Bagrat I (ბაგრატი I) |
c.875 Son of Sumbat I |
889 – 20 April 900 | Unknown five children |
20 April 900 aged 24-25 | |||
| Adarnase III (ადარნასე III) |
c.875 First son of Gurgen I |
891 – 896 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unknown three children |
896 aged 20-21 |
||
| Regency of Duke Ashot of Upper Tao (აშოტ კუხი) (896-908) | Died young. Left no descendants, and was succeeded by his uncle. | ||||||
| Template:Ill (დავით) |
c.890 First son of Adarnase III |
896 – 908 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unmarried | 908 aged 17-18? | ||
| Ashot I (II) the ImmatureTemplate:Efn (აშოტ კუხი) |
File:აშოტ კუხი. 918 წ..jpg | c.875 Second son of Gurgen I |
908 – 918 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unmarried | 918 Tbeti aged 42-43? |
Previous regent, later assumed the throne. |
| Gurgen II the Great (გურგენ II დიდი) |
c.890 Second son of Adarnase III |
918 – 14 February 941 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unknown (of Klarjeti) (daughter of Ashot the Swift) one child |
14 February 941 agEd 50-51? |
A patron of local monastic communities, Gurgen presided over the construction of a new cathedral at Khandzta. Gurgen was an energetic ruler and accumulated in his hands much power, ruling over Tao, parts of Klarjeti and Javakheti, and also Adjara and Nigali. The expansion of his territories was at the expense of his cousins and neighbours. However, left no male children and his lands went to his cousins. | |
| David II (დავით II) |
c.890 Son of Adarnase IV |
923 – 937 | Kingdom of Iberia | Unmarried | 937 aged 46-47 |
In spite of his royal title and unlike his father, David did not bear the traditional high Byzantine title of curopalates, which was bestowed by the emperor upon David's younger brother Ashot II. As a result, David's influence and prestige were overshadowed by those of this younger brother. | |
| Sumbat I (სუმბატ I) |
c.890 Son of Adarnase IV |
937 – 958 | Kingdom of Iberia (with Lower Tao since 954) |
Unknown two children |
958 aged 67-68 |
Brothers of David II; The Iberian kingdom split and Lower Tao re-emerged, to be reunited with Upper Tao in 941. However, Lower Tao re-merged in Iberia in 954. | |
| Ashot II (გურგენ II დიდი) |
c.890 Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia |
937 – 25 February 954 | Duchy of Tao (in only Lower Tao until 941) |
Unmarried | 25 February 954 aged 61-62 | ||
| Bagrat I (ბაგრატ I) |
c.890 Son of Adarnase IV of Iberia |
937 – March 945 | Unknown (of Klarjeti) (daughter of Ashot the Swift) one child |
March 945 aged 54-55 | |||
| Sumbat II (სუმბატ II) |
c.910? Son of David I |
23 February 943 – 988 | Duchy of Klarjeti | Unknown one child |
988 aged 77-78? |
||
| Adarnase IVTemplate:Efn (ადარნასე IV) |
c.910? Son of Bagrat I |
25 February 954 – 961 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unknown two children |
961 aged 50-51 |
Tao divided again; Adarnase received only the Upper part of Tao, while the Lower was again retained under the main Iberian line. | |
| Bagrat II the Simple (ბაგრატ II რეგუენი) |
c.920? Son of Sumbat I |
958 – 994 | Kingdom of Iberia | Unmarried | 994 aged 73-74? |
Frequently appeared as a collaborator of his relative David III of Tao, the most influential person among the Bagratids of that time, aiding him against the Rawadids of Azerbaijan. | |
| Bagrat II (ბაგრატ II) |
File:Oshki (35)-Bagrat eristavt-eristavi.JPG | c.930? First son of Adarnase IV |
961 – 966 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unmarried | 966 aged 35-36? |
|
| David III the Great (დავით III დიდი) |
File:Oshki (photo by Scott Dexter, June 23, 2012 ) (7993420831).jpg | c.930? Second son of Adarnase IV |
966 – 1001 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Unknown two children |
1001 aged 70-71? |
|
| David II (დავით II) |
c.930? Son of Sumbat II |
988 – 993 | Duchy of Klarjeti | Unmarried | 993 aged 62-63? |
Sons of Sumbat II, ruled jointly for forty days, before Bagrat's death. | |
| Bagrat II (ბაგრატი II) |
c.930? Son of Sumbat II |
988 | Unknown two children |
988 aged 57-58? | |||
| Sumbat III (სუმბატი III) |
c.950? Son of Bagrat II |
993 – 1011 | Duchy of Klarjeti | Unknown two children |
1011 aged 60-61? |
||
| Gurgen II (გურგენი II) |
c.940? Son of Bagrat II |
994 – 1008 | Kingdom of Iberia | Gurandukht of Abkhazia one child |
1008 aged 67-68? |
||
| In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia. The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia. | |||||||
| Bagrat III the Unifier (ბაგრატ III) |
File:Bagrat III of Georgia (Bedia mural).jpg | 960 Kutaisi Son of Gurgen of Georgia and Gurandukht of Abkhazia Adopted son of David III |
1001 – 1008 | Duchy of Upper Tao | Martha two children |
7 May 1014 Tao aged 53/54 |
Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia. United for the first time all the territory of Georgia. |
| 1008 – 7 May 1014 | Kingdom of Georgia | ||||||
| In 1008, Upper Tao was annexed to the Byzantine Empire, and was then recovered by Georgia in 1073, in the aftermath of the Battle of Manzikert | |||||||
| Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III) |
c.970? Son of Sumbat III |
1011 – 1028 | Duchy of Klarjeti | Unmarried | 1028 aged 57-58? |
In 1028 he was imprisoned by Bagrat IV of Georgia, and died during captivity. His lands were absorbed by Georgia. | |
| In 1028, Klarjeti was annexed to Georgia | |||||||
| George I (გიორგი I) |
File:Skylitzes.George I of Georgia (Basil II vs Georgians-2).jpg | 996 Kutaisi Son of Bagrat III and Martha |
7 May 1014 – 16 August 1027 | Kingdom of Georgia | Mariam of Vaspurakan c.1018(annulled) four children Alda of Alania one child |
16 August 1027 Mqinwarni or Itaroni aged 30-31 |
|
| Regency of Mariam of Vaspurakan (მარიამი, Մարիամ) (1027-1037) | His mother, while regent, negotiated a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire, and returned with the high Byzantine title of curopalates for Bagrat in 1032. Bagrat had the opposition of:
| ||||||
| Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV) |
File:King Bagrat IV.jpg | 1018 Son of George I and Mariam of Vaspurakan |
16 August 1027 – 24 November 1072 | Kingdom of Georgia | Helena Argyre 1032 Kutaisi no children Borena of Alania Between 1033 and 1040 three children |
24 November 1072 Marabda[2] aged 53-54 | |
| George II (გიორგი II) |
File:Vie, deteils et peintures de l'eglise de Sion (B).jpg | 1054 Kutaisi Son of Bagrat IV and Borena of Alania |
24 November 1072 – 1089 1089-1112 (nominally) |
Kingdom of Georgia | Template:Ill c.1070 one child |
1112 aged 57-58 |
Previously opposed to his father. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David, to whom he remained a nominal co-ruler until his death in 1112. |
| David IV the BuilderTemplate:Efn (დავით IV აღმაშენებელი) |
File:David IV, detail from icon, St. Catherine Monastery.jpg | 1073 Kutaisi Son of George II and Template:Ill |
1089 – 24 January 1125 | Kingdom of Georgia | Rusudan of Armenia c.1090 (annulled 1107) four children? Template:Ill c.1107 four children? |
24 January 1125 Tbilisi aged 51-52 |
Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country in 1121. His reforms enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. |
| Demetrius I (დემეტრე I) |
File:King Demetre I wearing front-opening qaba with Arabic tiraz bands inscribed in Kufic script, first half of the 12th centuryn Macxvarisi, Svaneti, northern Georgia.jpg | 1093 Son of David IV and Rusudan of Armenia |
24 January 1125 – 1154 1155–1156 |
Kingdom of Georgia | Unknown Before 1130 four children |
1156 Mtskheta aged 62-63 |
Also a poet. In 1154, he was forced by his own son David to abdicate and become a monk. With David's death months later, he was restored to the throne, but did not survive much longer. Demetrius had the opposition of:
|
| David V (დავით V) |
1113 First son of Demetrius I |
1154 – 1155 | Kingdom of Georgia | Unknown Before 1130 at least one child |
1155 aged 40-41 |
Previous opponent against his father. Forced him to abdicate, but died a few months later. | |
| George III (გიორგი III) |
File:King George III of Georgia.jpg | c.1115 Second son of Demetrius I |
1155 – 27 March 1184 | Kingdom of Georgia | Burdukhan of Alania c.1155 two children |
27 March 1184 aged 68-69 |
His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. However, George had the opposition of:
|
| Tamar I the Great (თამარ მეფე) |
File:Tamar (Vardzia fresco detail).jpg | c.1160 Daughter of George III and Burdukhan of Alania |
27 March 1184 – 18 January 1213 | Kingdom of Georgia | Yury Bogolyubsky c.1185 (annulled 1187) no children David Soslan 1189 two children |
18 January 1213 Agarani aged 52-53 |
Co-ruler with her father since 1178. Ruled in a period of political and military successes and cultural achievements, presiding the peak of the Georgian Golden Age. |
| George IV the Resplendent (გიორგი IV ლაშა) |
File:Giorgi IV Lasha.jpg | c.1191 Son of David Soslan and Queen Tamar |
18 January 1213 – 18 January 1223 | Kingdom of Georgia | Unmarried | 18 January 1223 Bagavan aged 31–32 |
Co-ruler with his mother since 1207, continued her policy, but, at the end of his reign was defeated by a Mongol expedition. |
| Rusudan (რუსუდან მეფე) |
File:Fresco of Rusudan of Georgia-2.jpg | 1194 Daughter of David Soslan and Queen Tamar |
18 January 1223 – 1245 | Kingdom of Georgia | Ghias ad-din c.1223 (annulled 1226) two children |
1245 Tbilisi aged 50–51 |
Period marked by Mongol invasions of Georgia. The queen was forced to accept the sovereignty of the Mongol Khan in 1242, to pay an annual tribute and to support the Mongols with a Georgian army. |
| David VI & I the Clever (დავით VI ნარინი) |
File:David Narin, Gelati Monastery, south-east chapel, west wall.jpg | 1225 Son of Ghias ad-din and Queen Rusudan |
1245 – 1293Template:Efn | Kingdom of Western Georgia (in all Georgia until 1259) |
Tamar Amanelisdze before 1254 three children Theodora Doukaina Palaiologina of Byzantium 1254 one child |
1293 Tbilisi aged 67–68 |
Co-ruler with his mother since 1230, David VI disappeared from Georgia in 1246, and was found with the Mongols by the newly elected ruler, his cousin David VII, in 1248. Both were forced to share power, and, albeit rising against Mongol domination (1259), David VI failed and had to flee to Kutaisi in Western Georgia. Establishing there a new kingdom, he successfully maintained trade and contacts with the West. He also built friendly relations with the Golden Horde and Bahri dynasty of Egypt, repulsed the Ilkhanate attacks, and interfered in Trebizond's politics. As for David VII, the Mongol dominance and the taxes he was subject to eventually led to a political and economic crisis in the kingdom. |
| David VII the Elder (დავით VII ულუ) |
File:King David VII of Georgia. Bibliotheque Nationale MS Fr. 2810.jpg | 1215 Illegitimate son of George IV |
1248 – 1270Template:Efn | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia (in all Georgia until 1259) |
Jigda-Khatun before 1252 no children Altun of Alania (in bigamy, repudiated 1252) c.1249 Gvantsa Kakhaberidze (in polygamy until 1252) 1250 one child Esukan 1263 no children |
1270 Tbilisi aged 54-55 | |
| Between 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Georgia was ruled by two distinct kings. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, ruled distinct parts of the country from 1259. However, there were several moments in which the Eastern kingdom had dominance over all Georgia. | |||||||
| Demetrius II the Devoted (დემეტრე II თავდადებული) |
File:Georgian fresco 23.jpg | 1259 First son of David VII and Gvantsa Kakhaberidze |
1270 – 12 March 1289 | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia | Template:Ill 1277 five children Solghar of Mongolia (in polygamy?) Before 1280 three children Natela Jaqeli (in polygamy?) 1280 one child |
12 March 1289 Movakani aged 29-30 |
Criticized for his possible polygamy. Executed by the Great Khan. |
| Vakhtang IITemplate:Efn (ვახტანგ II) |
c.1250 First son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |
12 March 1289 – 1292 | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia | Oljath Khan 1289 no children |
1292 aged 41-42? |
Ascended in Eastern Georgia, with the consent of the Mongols. | |
| Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I) |
File:Constantine I of Imereti.jpg | c.1260Template:Efn First son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |
1293 – 1327 | Kingdom of Western Georgia | Unknown Before 1327 no children |
1327 aged 66-67? |
Unlike his western counterparts, Constantine remained independent from the Ilkhanid hegemony. However, his troubled reign was marked by the opposition of his brother, Michael. |
| David VIII (დავით VIII) |
1273 First son of Demetre II and Template:Ill |
1292 – 1302 1308 – 1311 |
Kingdom of Eastern Georgia | Oljath Khan 1291 no children Unknown, from Surameli family 1302 one child |
1311 aged 37-38 |
Refused to submit to the orders of the Mongols, and between 1299 and 1308 he was declared a deposed king, as his own brothers were supported by the Mongol Khan. Albeit forced to abdicate of the throne by his brother Vakhtang, after the latter's death he was restored as king. In 1299, the Ilkhanid khan Ghazan installed his brother as a rival ruler:
| |
| Vakhtang III (ვახტანგ III) |
File:Vakhtang III relief.jpg | 1276 Second son of Demetre II and Template:Ill |
1302 – 1308 | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia | Ripsime 1297 two children |
1308 aged 31-32 |
|
| Regency of Prince George of Georgia (1311-1313) | Has as regent his uncle, prince George, who had opposed his father. Died as minor, and this uncle took power. | ||||||
| George VI the Minor (გიორგი VI მცირე) |
c.1302 Son of David VIII |
1311 – 1313 | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia | Unmarried | 1313 aged 10-11 | ||
| George V the BrilliantTemplate:Efn (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე) |
File:George V the Brilliant, fresco, Gelati Monastery.jpg | 1286 Son of Demetre II and Natela Jaqeli |
1313 – 1346 | Kingdom of Georgia (in Eastern Georgia until 1330) |
Unknown before 1346 one son |
1346 aged 59-60 |
"Re-ascended" as a fully recognized king, reuniting Georgia in 1330. A flexible and far-sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century-long Mongol domination, restoring the country's previous strength and Christian culture. |
| Michael (მიქელ I) |
File:King Michael of Imereti.jpg | c.1260Template:Efn Third son of David VI and Tamar Amanelisdze |
1327 – 1329 | Kingdom of Western Georgia | Unknown c.1270 one child |
1329 aged 68-69? |
Opposed his brother, Constantine I. Sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I. |
| Council of Regency (1329-1330) | Still a minor, was deposed by George V. | ||||||
| Bagrat I the Minor (ბაგრატ I მცირე) |
c.1320 Son of Michael I |
1329 – 1330 | Kingdom of Western Georgia | Unknown (a daughter of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli) 1358 three children |
1372 aged 51-52? | ||
| Western Georgia reunited with the Eastern part | |||||||
| David IX (დავით IX) |
c.1300? Son of George V |
1346 – 1360 | Kingdom of Georgia | Sindukhtar Jaqeli c.1330? two children |
1360 aged 59-60? |
The prosperity of the kingdom did not last, as the Black Death swept through the area in 1348. In 1360, Georgia lost Armenia. | |
| Bagrat V the Great (ბაგრატ V დიდი) |
c.1330? Son of George V |
1360 – 1393 | Kingdom of Georgia (in Eastern Georgia during a brief division period in 1387-1392) |
Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond c.1360 two children Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond June 1366 one child |
1393 aged 62-63? |
A fair and popular ruler, was imprisoned by the Golden Horde. Agreed to convert from Christianity and become Muslim. | |
| Alexander I (ალექსანდრე I) |
c.1360 First son of Bagrat I |
1387 – 1389 | Kingdom of Imereti | Anna Orbeliani Before 1389 two children |
1389 aged 28-29? |
Rebelled against the main power in Georgia; Western part sepaated again. | |
| George I (გიორგი I) |
c.1360 Second son of Bagrat I |
1389–1392 | Kingdom of Imereti | Unmarried | 1392 aged 31-32? |
After his death in 1392, Western Georgia is reincorporated in the Eastern part. | |
| Western Georgia reunited with the Eastern part | |||||||
| George VII (გიორგი VII) |
c.1360 Son of Bagrat V and Helena Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1393–1407 | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia (in all Georgia until 1396) |
Unmarried | 1407 aged 46-47? |
In 1396, Constantine took advantage of George VII's continuous war with Timur—in which a great number of Imeretians died—and the death of Vameq Dadiani and returned to Imereti. | |
| Constantine II (კონსტანტინე II) |
c.1360 Third son of Bagrat I |
1396 – 1401 | Kingdom of Western Georgia | Unmarried | 1401 aged 40-41? | ||
| Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I) |
File:Constantine I relief.jpg | c.1366 Son of Bagrat V and Anna Megala Komnene of Trebizond |
1407 – 1412 | Kingdom of Eastern Georgia | Template:Ill c.1389 three children |
1412 aged 45-46 |
|
| Demetrius I (დემეტრე I) |
Before 1389 Son of Alexander I and Anna Orbeliani |
1401 – 1412 | Kingdom of Western Georgia | Unknown Before 1445 no children |
1445 aged at least 55-56 |
From 1412 accepts suzerainty from Georgia and rules as duke of Imereti. | |
| Western Georgia reunited with the Eastern part | |||||||
| Alexander I the Great (ალექსანდრე I დიდი) |
File:Alexander I of Georgia (Svetitskhoveli fresco).jpg | 1386 Son of Constantine I and Template:Ill |
1412 – 1442 | Kingdom of Georgia | Dulandukht Orbeliani c.1411 three children Tamar of Western Georgia c.1414 three children |
27 August 1445 or 7 March 1446 aged 58–60 |
Regained Imereti in 1412. Despite his efforts to restore the country from the ruins left by the Turco-Mongol warlord Timur's invasions, Georgia never recovered and faced the inevitable fragmentation that was followed by a long period of stagnation. He was the last ruler of a united Georgia which was relatively free from foreign domination. Abdicated. |
| Demetrius III (დიმიტრი III) |
c.1413 First son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani |
1442 – December 1446 | Kingdom of Georgia | Template:Ill (d.1472) c.1450 one child |
1453 aged 39-40 |
Co-rulers since 1433. Demetrius abdicated after his brother's death. | |
| Vakhtang IV (ვახტანგ IV) |
File:Vakhtang IV relief.jpg | c.1413 Second son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani |
Template:Ill c.1442 no children |
December 1446 aged 32-33 | |||
| George VIII (გიორგი VIII) |
File:George VIII of Georgia charter 1460.jpg | 1417 Son of Alexander I and Tamar of Imereti |
December 1446 – 1466 | Kingdom of Georgia (in Eastern Georgia only since 1463) |
Template:Ill 1445 five children? Nestan-Darejan 1456 five children? |
1476 aged 58-59 |
In 1463 lost Imereti once more. From 1465, renounced Georgia and ruled only in Kakheti. |
| 1466 – 1476 | Kingdom of Kakheti | ||||||
| Bagrat VI (ბაგრატ VI) |
1439 Son of Prince George of Georgia and Template:Ill |
1463 – 1478 | Kingdom of Georgia (in Western Georgia only until 1466) |
Helena (d. 3 November 1510) three children |
1478 aged 58-59 |
Paternal grandson of Constantine I of Georgia. In 1463 rose as King of Imereti, and in 1466 ascended in Kartli (the part George VIII renounced), reuniting it with Imereti. | |
| Alexander I (ალექსანდრე I) |
1445 Son of George VIII and Tamar or Nestan-Darejan |
1476 – 27 April 1511 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Anna Cholokashvili two children Tinatin(the same person as Anna?) |
27 April 1511 aged 65-66 |
Alexander's pliancy and flexible diplomacy earned him security from the neighboring powers, only to be murdered by his own son George II "the Bad". He recognized the suzerainty of Shah Ismail I of Safavid Iran at the beginning of the 16th century.[3] | |
| Alexander II (ალექსანდრე II) |
File:Alexander II of Imereti (crop).jpg | c.1460? Son of Bagrat VI and Helena |
1478 | Kingdom of Georgia | Tamar (d. 12 March 1510) seven children |
1 April 1510 Kutaisi aged 49-50? |
After being deposed by his uncle Constantine II, Alexander recovered Imereti after Constantine's defeat at the hands of Qvarqvare II Jaqeli, a powerful atabeg of Samtskhe, in 1483, but lost Kutaisi to Constantine again a year later. In 1490, Alexander took advantage of the Ak Koyunlu Turkoman invasion of Kartli, and seized control of Imereti. |
| 1484 – 1 April 1510 | Kingdom of Western Georgia (until 1490) Kingdom of Imereti (since 1490) | ||||||
| Constantine II (კონსტანტინე II) |
1447 Son of Demetrius III and Template:Ill |
1478 – 1505 | Kingdom of Kartli (in Georgia until 1490) |
Tamar (d. 1492) 1473 eleven children |
1505 aged 57-58 |
Paternal grandson of Alexander I of Georgia. Early in the 1490s, he had to recognise the independence of his rival rulers of Imereti and Kakheti, and to confine his power to Kartli. | |
| In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms.[4] The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division. | |||||||
| David X (დავით X) |
1482 First son of Constantine II and Tamar |
1505 – 1526 | Kingdom of Kartli | Nestan-Darejan Baratashvili no children Template:Ill (d.1554) eight children |
1526 Tbilisi aged 43-44 |
Despite the fact that Constantine had recognised the independence of the breakaway Georgian kingdoms of Imereti and Kakheti, the rivalry among these polities was to continue under David. He had to defend his kingdom against the attacks by Alexander II of Imereti and George II of Kakheti. | |
| Bagrat III (ბაგრატ III) |
File:Bagrat III of Imereti.jpg | 23 September 1495 Son of Alexander II and Tamar |
1 April 1510 – September 1565 | Kingdom of Imereti | Elena (d.1565) six children |
September 1565 aged 69-70 |
Faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy. |
| George II the Wicked (გიორგი II) |
1464 Tbilisi Son of Alexander I and Dulandukht Orbeliani |
27 April 1511 – 1513 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Elena Irubakidze-Cholokashvili (d.1532) three children |
1513 Tbilisi aged 48-49 |
After a failed incursion in Kartli, ended in prison, where he was soon killed. | |
| Kakheti briefly annexed to Kartli | |||||||
| Leon (ლევანი) |
File:Levan of Kakheti, Philotheou fresco.jpg | 1504 Tbilisi Son of George II and Elena Irubakidze-Cholokashvili |
1520 – 1574 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Tinatin Gurieli (annulled 1529) two children Unknown (daughter of Kamal Kara-Musel, Shamkhal of Tarku) fourteen children |
1574 Tbilisi aged 69-70 |
Restored the kingdom of Kakheti and presided over the most prosperous and peaceful period in its history. |
| George IX (გიორგი IX) |
File:David II of Kakheti.jpg | c.1485 Second son of Constantine II and Tamar |
1525 – 1527 | Kingdom of Kartli | Unmarried | 1539 aged 53-54? |
Abdicated to his nephew. |
| Luarsab I (ლუარსაბ I) |
1502 Son of David X and Template:Ill |
1527 – 1556 | Kingdom of Kartli | Tamar of Imereti eight children |
1556 Garisi aged 53-54 |
Persistent in his resistance against Safavid Persian aggression, he was killed in the Battle of Garisi. | |
| Simon I the Great (სიმონ I დიდი) |
File:Simeon prencipe de Giorgiani cropped.jpg | 1537 First son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti |
1556 – 1569 1578 – 1599 |
Kingdom of Kartli | Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti 1559 one child |
1611 Constantinople aged 73-74 |
His first tenure was marked by war against the Persian domination of Georgia. In 1569 he was captured by the Persians, and spent nine years in captivity. In 1578 he was released and reinstalled in Kartli. During this period (i.e. his second tenure), he fought as a Persian subject against the Ottoman domination of Georgia. In 1599 Simon I was captured by the Ottomans and died in captivity. |
| George II (გიორგი II) |
File:George II of Imereti (portrait).jpg | c.1515 Son of Bagrat III and Elena |
1565 – 1585 | Kingdom of Imereti | Unknown one child Rusudan Shervashidze (d.1578) two children Template:Ill three children |
1585 aged 69-70 |
With his ascend to the throne, George found himself involved in the civil war among his vassals. |
| David XI Dāwūd Khan II (დავით XI, داود خان, დაუთ-ხანი) |
c.1540 Second son of Luarsab I and Tamar of Imereti |
1569 – 1578 | Kingdom of Kartli | Elena (relative of Alexander II of Kakheti) four children |
c.1579 Constantinople aged less than 38-39? |
A convert to Islam, he was appointed as Khan of Kartli by the Persian Shah Tahmasp I from 1562 (effectively from 1569) to 1578. | |
| Alexander II (ალექსანდრე II) |
File:Alexander II of Kakheti (Philotheou Monastery).jpg | 1527 Tbilisi Son of Leon and Tinatin Gurieli |
1574 – October 1601 21 October 1602 – 12 March 1605 |
Kingdom of Kakheti | Tinatin Amilakhvari eight children |
12 March 1605 Dzegami aged 77-78 |
In spite of a precarious international situation, he managed to retain relative economic stability in his kingdom and tried to establish contacts with the Tsardom of Russia. In October 1601, Alexander's son, David, revolted from the royal authority and seized the crown, forcing his father to retire to a monastery. David would die a year later, on October 2, 1602, and Alexander was able to resume the throne. Alexander fell victim to the Iran-sponsored coup led by his other son, Constantine. |
| Levan (ლევანი) |
1573 Son of George II and Rusudan Shervashidze |
September 1585 – 1588 | Kingdom of Imereti | Marekhi Dadiani no children |
1590 aged 17-18 |
With his ascension to the throne, Leon faced a revolt by his own uncle, Constantine, who defied the royal authority and took control of Upper Imereti. Leon made an alliance with the Mingrelian prince Mamia IV Dadiani, and forced Constantine to surrender in 1587. He then would also face the hostilities of Simon I of Kartli and his own brother-in-law, who deposed him. | |
| Rostom (როსტომი) |
File:King Rostom, Gelati fresco.jpg | 1571 (Illegitimate?) Son of Prince Constantine |
1588 – 1589 1590 – 1605 |
Kingdom of Imereti | Unmarried | 1605 aged 33-34 |
With support of Mamia IV Dadiani, Rostom was raised to the throne, but his authority was defied by Giorgi II Gurieli, who employed an Ottoman force to dethrone the king in favor of Bagrat IV (paternal grandson of Bagrat III). After Rostom fled to Mingrelia, Simon I of Kartli deposed Bagrat IV and brought most of Imereti under his control. Manuchar I Dadiani rejected Simon's ultimatum, moved into Imereti, defeated the invaders and reinstated Rostom as king. However, the authority started to be held by an aristocratic élite, notably by the prince of Mingrelia. |
| Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV) |
1565 Son of Prince TeimurazTemplate:Efn |
1589 – 1590 | Kingdom of Imereti | c.1590 aged 24-25? | |||
| George X (გიორგი X) |
1561 Tbilisi Son of Simon I and Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti |
1599 – 7 September 1606 | Kingdom of Kartli | Template:Ill (d.1614) 15 September 1578 five children |
7 September 1606 Constantinople aged 44-45 |
Fought alongside his father against the Ottoman occupation forces since 1598. Held power after Simon was taken captive by the Turks at the Battle of Nakhiduri in 1599. George attempted several times, though vainly, to ransom his father (who would die as a prisoner in 1612) from captivity and even offered his son as hostage to the Sublime Porte. Supported the Persians against the Ottomans. He was the first king of Kartli who attempted to establish diplomatic ties with the northern co-religionist power of Muscovy. However, unstable political situation in both countries terminated these contacts. | |
| David I (დავით I) |
File:David I of Kakheti.jpg | 1569 Gremi Son of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari |
October 1601 – 21 October 1602 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Ketevan of Mukhrani, the Martyr 1581 four children |
21 October 1602 Gremi aged 31-32 |
In mid-1601, he capitalized on the illness of his father and gained an effective control of the government. However, died a year later. His father then recovered the throne. |
| Constantine I Kustandil Khan (კონსტანტინე I, کنستانتین خان, კონსტანტინე ხანი) |
1567 Tbilisi Son of Alexander II and Tinatin Amilakhvari |
12 March – 22 October 1605 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Unknown (a granddaughter of Alexander II) |
22 October 1605 Tbilisi aged 33-34 |
His subjects refused to recognize a patricide (he murdered Alexander II) and revolted. The rebellion was led by Constantine's sister-in-law, the widow Ketevan, who requested aid from George X of Kartli. Constantine bribed some of the rebel nobles, but in the end had to flee. The rebels sent emissaries to Abbas I of Persia and pledged loyalty, provided that Abbas confirmed their candidate, Ketevan's son Teimuraz, as a Christian king of Kakheti. | |
| George III (გიორგი III) |
File:Giorgi III of Imereti by Castelli.jpg | c.1570 Son of Prince Constantine and Elena Gurieli |
1605 – 1639 | Kingdom of Imereti | Tamar (d.1639) no children |
1639 aged 68-69 |
His authority was seriously undermined by the energetic prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, whose increasing influence George tried to restrict without success. |
| Regency of Ketevan of Mukhrani (ქეთევან წამებული) (1605-1614) | An admirer of Persian poetry, Teimuraz translated into Georgian several Persian love stories and transformed the personal experiences of his reign into a series of original poems influenced by the contemporary Persian tradition.[5] From 1614 on, he waged a five-decade long struggle against the Safavid Iranian domination of Georgia in the course of which he was thrice deposed and lost several members of his family. Teimuraz died as the shah's prisoner at Astarabad. | ||||||
| Teimuraz I (თეიმურაზ I) |
File:თეიმურაზ I.png | 1589 Son of David I and Ketevan of Mukhrani |
22 October 1605 – 1648Template:Efn | Kingdom of Kakheti | Anna Gurieli c.1605 three children Khorashan of Kartli 1612 two children |
1661 Gorgan aged 71-72 | |
| Kakheti annexed to Persia (1648-1664) | |||||||
| Regency of Shadiman Baratashvili (შადიმან ბარათაშვილი) (1606-1610) | He is known for his martyr's death at the hands of the Persian shah Abbas I. The Georgian Orthodox Church regards him as saint and marks his memory on the day of his death, July 1. | ||||||
| Luarsab II the Holy Martyr (ლუარსაბ II) |
File:KingLuarsab.jpg | 1592 Tbilisi Son of George X and Template:Ill |
7 September 1606 – 1 July 1615 | Kingdom of Kartli | Makrine Saakadze no children |
1 July 1615 Shiraz aged 22-23 | |
| Overlordship of Abbas I of Persia (1615-1619) | Installed by Abbas I as a puppet king. His power was confined to Lower Kartli and largely relied on Persian forces. Considered as a renegade, he was disgusted by most of the kingdom's population and, in spite of the Persian presence, he was unable to control even seemingly loyal nobility. | ||||||
| Bagrat VII Bagrat Khan (ლუარსაბ II) |
1569 Son of David XI and Elene |
1 July 1615 – 1619 | Kingdom of Kartli | Anna of Kakheti two children |
1619 aged 49-50 | ||
| Overlordship of Abbas I of Persia (1619-1629) and Safi of Persia (1629-1630) Regency of Giorgi Saakadze (გიორგი სააკაძე) (1619-1625) |
Largely unpopular with his Christian subjects, Simon's "khanate" never stretched beyond Tbilisi and the Lower Kartli province, where the districts of Somkhiti and Sabaratiano were occupied by Persian forces. | ||||||
| Simon II Semayun Khan (სიმონ II) |
c.1610 Son of Bagrat VII and Anna of Kakheti |
1619 – 1630 | Kingdom of Kartli | Jahan Banu Begum one child |
1630 aged 19-20 | ||
| Kartli briefly annexed to Kakheti | |||||||
| Overlordship of Safi of Persia (1633-1642) and Abbas II of Persia (1642-1658) | Took control of Kartli and garrisoned all major fortresses with Persian forces, bringing them under his tight control. His willingness to cooperate with his suzerain won for Kartli a larger degree of autonomy. A period of relative peace and prosperity ensued, with the cities and towns being revived, many deserted areas repopulated and commerce flourished. Although Muslim, Rostom patronised Christian culture, albeit Islam and Persian habits predominating at his court. He ruthlessly crushed an opposition of local nobles. | ||||||
| Rostom Rustam Khan (როსტომი, როსტომ ხანი) |
File:როსტომ ხანი.gif | 1565 Isfahan Son of David XI and Elena |
1633 – 17 November 1658 | Kingdom of Kartli | Tinatina Jaqeli no children Ketevan Abashishvili 1635 no children Mariam Dadiani 1638 no children |
17 November 1658 Tbilisi aged 92-93 | |
| Alexander III (ალექსანდრე III) |
File:Alexander III by Castelli (2).jpg | 1609 Kutaisi Son of George III and Tamar |
1639 – 1 March 1660 | Kingdom of Imereti | Template:Ill 1618 (annulled 1620) three children Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti 14 May 1631 near Gori no children |
1 March 1660 Kutaisi aged 50-51 |
Most of his reign was spent in the struggle against the powerful prince of Mingrelia, Levan II Dadiani, who refused to acknowledge the king of Imereti as his overlord, and aspired to displace him from his throne. |
| Overlordship of Abbas II of Persia (1658-1666) and Suleiman I of Persia (1666-1675) | Originally great-great-grandson of Constantine II of Georgia, he came from the Mukhrani line, being adopted by his predecessor Rostom to succeed him. Followed the policy of his predecessor, managing to maintain a peaceful relationship with his Persian suzerains and to revive the economy of Kartli. Made efforts to bring other Georgian polities under his control. | ||||||
| Vakhtang V Shah-Nawaz Khan (ვახტანგ V) |
1618 Son of Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani and Anna Eristavi Adopted son of Rostom |
17 November 1658 – September 1675 | Kingdom of Kartli | Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani (annulled 1658) ten children Mariam Dadiani 1658 no children |
September 1675 near Ganja aged 56-57 Intervened in Imereti's bitter power struggles. | ||
| Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti (ნესტან-დარეჯანი) |
File:Queen Darejan, by Castelli.jpg | 1615 Gremi Son of George III and Tamar |
1 March 1660 – 1668 | Kingdom of Imereti | Zurab I, Duke of Aragvi 1623 no children Alexander III 14 May 1631 near Gori no children Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili 1660 no children |
1668 Kutaisi aged 50-51 |
After Alexander III's death, Darejan, as his widow, became the core of power in Imereti. Signed royal documents before her stepson (king Bagrat V) himself, and eventually blinded him shortly after his accession. Her third marriage to legitimized him in power, opposing Bagrat V:
The period was marked by extreme instability and feudal anarchy in the kingdom: some other nobles tried to wrest for power. |
| Bagrat V (ბაგრატ V) |
1620 Son of Alexander III and Tamar Gurieli |
1 March 1660 – 1661Template:Efn 1664 – 1678Template:Efn 1679 – 1681 |
Ketevan of Kakheti (annulled 1661) no children Tatia of Mukhrani (annulled 1663) no children Tamar of Mukhrani 1663 four children |
1681 aged 60/61 | |||
| Ketevan (ქეთევანი) |
1648 Daughter of Prince David of Kakheti and Elene Diasamidze |
1664 – 1675 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Archil 1668 four children |
16 April 1719 Moscow aged 70-71 |
With Kakheti's independence restored, Archil was designated its king afterr marrying the later king's granddaughter, Ketevan. Ketevan's brother, Heraclius, came in 1675 to claim and inherit the throne. Dispossessed, Archil tried to expand his influence in Imereti through a series of unsuccessful or short-lived coups d'état on that kingdom. Eventually, Archil retired to Russia where he spearheaded the cultural life of a local Georgian community. He was also a lyric poet. | |
| Archil (არჩილი) |
File:Archil of Imereti (Bagrationi dynasty).jpg | 1647 First son of Vakhtang V of Kartli and Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani |
1664 – 1675 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Unknown (daughter of Prince Nodar Tsitsishvili) no children Ketevan 1668 four children |
16 April 1713 Moscow aged 65-66 | |
| 1661 – 1663 1678 – 1679 1690 – 1691 1695 – 1696 1698 – 1699 |
Kingdom of Imereti | ||||||
| Overlordship of Suleiman I of Persia (1675-1694) and Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1694-1709) | He is best known for his struggle against the Safavids which dominated his weakened kingdom and later as a Safavid commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan. Being an Eastern Orthodox Christian, he converted to Shia Islam prior to his appointment as governor of Kandahar. | ||||||
| George XI Gurgin Khan (გიორგი XI) |
File:George XI of Kartli repaired.jpg | 1651 Second son of Vakhtang V of Kartli and Rodam Kaplanishvili-Orbeliani |
1675 – 1688 1703 – 21 April 1709 |
Kingdom of Kartli | Tamar Davitishvili (d.4 December 1683) 1676 two children Khoreshan Mikeladze (d.24 February 1695) 1687 Kojori one child |
21 April 1709 Kandahar aged 57-58 | |
| Overlordship of Suleiman I of Persia (1675-1694) and Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1694-1709) | Grandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti. Raised in Russia, where he was known as Nikolai Davidovich. In 1662, he returned to take the vacant throne of Kakheti, but was defeated by his brother-in-law Archil with Iranian support. He managed to take Kakheti when Archil, conflicted with the Persian Empire, left the kingdom. With the annexation of his kingdom to Persia, Heraclius filled the Kartli throne, left vacant by George XI's deposition. | ||||||
| Heraclius I Eregli Khan Nazar Ali Khan (ერეკლე I, ارگلی خان, ნაზარალი-ხანი, نظر علی خان) |
File:Nicolaes Davidszoon. Georgiaens Koningh.jpg | 1642 Tbilisi Son of Prince David of Kakheti and Elene Diasamidze |
1675 – 1676 1703 – 1709 |
Kingdom of Kakheti | Anna Cholokashvili 1677 Ispahan five children |
1709 Isfahan aged 66-67 | |
| 1688 – 1703 | Kingdom of Kartli | ||||||
| Between 1676 and 1703, Kakheti was annexed to Persia | |||||||
| Tamar of Mukhrani (თამარი) |
c.1640 Daughter of Constantine I, Prince of Mukhrani and Darejan Abashidze |
1681 – 1683 | Kingdom of Imereti | Levan III Dadiani 1661 three children Bagrat V 1663 four children George IV Gurieli 1681 no children |
1681 aged 40-41 |
Like her mother-in-law, Tamar also became the core of sovereignty in Imereti, as it is shown by her third husband succeeding her second one. This third husband, George Gurieli, was Prince of Guria in 1658–1668. He was energetically involved in civil wars in western Georgian polities, which he sought to bring under his sway. He was killed in battle while trying to recover the lost throne of Imereti. | |
| George IV GurieliTemplate:Efn (გიორგი III გურიელი) |
? Son of Kaikhosro I Gurieli and Khvaramze Goshadze |
Tamar Chijavadze 1667 (annulled 1677) five children Darejan of Imereti c.1677 no children Tamar of Mukhrani 1681 no children |
1684 | ||||
| Alexander IV (ალექსანდრე IV) |
c.1660? Kutaisi Illegitimate son of Bagrat V |
1683 – 1691 1691 – 1695 |
Kingdom of Imereti | Tamar Abashidze 1691 four children |
1695 aged 34-35? |
George XI of Kartli and the Imeretian nobles secured the Ottoman recognition for Alexander, who was enthroned in Imereti after deposing the Gurieli prince in 1683. Alexander transferred his loyalty to the Safavid shah Suleiman I of Persia in 1689, but was expelled by the Turks into Kartli in August 1690. In 1691, through the mediation of Erekle I of Kartli and the Persian government, Alexander was restored in Imereti after a year of anarchy and misrule. | |
| Overlordship of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (1696-1698) | As usual for widows in Imereti, she was the link between two kings, marrying them in succession. George V ruled virtually, under his powerful benefactor. | ||||||
| Tamar Abashidze (თამარი) |
1681 FIrst daughter of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |
1696 – 1698 | Kingdom of Imereti | Alexander IV 1691 four children George V Gochia 1696 no children |
1716 aged 34-35 | ||
| George V Gochia (გიორგი V გოჩია) |
c.1680? A relative of the Bagrationi dynasty |
Tamar Abashidze 1696 no children |
1698 aged 27-28? | ||||
| Overlordship of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (1699-1701) | Sister of Tamar Abashidze, she also married the next king of Imereti, an illegitimate son of her sister's husband, Simon, who was brought up in the court of Erekle I of Kartli. The couple was expelled by Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze and his daughter Tamar. | ||||||
| Anika Abashidze | c.1685 Second daughter of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |
1699 – 1701 | Kingdom of Imereti | 1698 no children |
1731 aged 34-35 | ||
| Simon (სიმონი) |
? Illegitimate son of Alexander IV |
1701 | |||||
| Overlordship of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (1701-1702) | Third daughter of the powerful regent Giorgi Abashidze, married Mamia Gurieli, who succeeded Elena's brother-in-law. After his first reign as king for a year, Mamia abdicated, being unable to tolerate the influence of his father-in-law Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze. Subsequent periods of his royal career was the result of a feud with George VII of Imereti. Mamia died while still sitting on the throne of Imereti, which then reverted to his rival. | ||||||
| Elena Abashidze | c.1685 Third daughter of Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |
1701 – 1702 | Kingdom of Imereti | Mamia Gurieli 1698 (annulled 1711) seven children |
1731 aged 34-35 | ||
| Mamia Gurieli the GreatTemplate:Efn მამია III გურიელი დიდი) |
File:Prince Mamia II Gurieli.jpg | ? Son of George IV and Tamar Chijavadze |
1701 – 1702 1711 – 1712 1713 – 5 January 1714 |
Elena Abashidze 1698 (annulled 1711) seven children Template:Ill 1711 no children |
5 January 1714 | ||
| George VI-Malakia Abashidze (გიორგი-მალაქია აბაშიძე) |
? Son of Paata Abashidze |
1702-1707 | Kingdom of Imereti | Unknown seven children |
15 October 1722 Tbilisi |
After controlling many kings behind the curtain, Giorgi-Malakia made his way to the throne, but ended up deposed by a revolt of the nobles. | |
| George VII (გიორგი VII) |
File:George VII of Imereti.JPG | 1670 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV |
1707 – 1711 1712 – 1713 5 January 1714 – 1716 1719 – 22 February 1720 |
Kingdom of Imereti | Rodam of Kartli 1703 (annulled 1712) five children Tamar Abashidze c.1712 (annulled 1713) no children Template:Ill March 1714 no children Template:Ill 1716 three children |
22 February 1720 Kutaisi aged 49-50 |
With the approval of the Ottoman government, a rightful king of Imereti by the loyal party of nobles in 1702, though it was not until 1707 that he was able to wrest the crown from the usurper Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze (George VI). Entered in a feud with Mamia Gurieli for the throne. |
| Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1709-1711) | Paternal grandson of Vakhtang V. He reigned in absentia since he served during the whole of this period as a Persian commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan. | ||||||
| Kaikhosro (ქაიხოსრო) |
1 January 1674 Tbilisi Son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli |
21 April 1709 – 27 September 1711 | Kingdom of Kartli | Ketevan (d.Moscow, 3 May 1730) four children |
27 September 1711 Kandahar aged 37 | ||
| Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1709-1711) | Although a Muslim and a loyal vassal of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, he failed to ensure his kingdom's security and most of his reign was marked by Lekianoba - incessant inroads by the Dagestani mountainous clansmen. | ||||||
| David II Imām Qulī Khān (დავით II, امام قلی خان, იმამყული-ხანი) |
1678 Isfahan Son of Heraclius I and Anna Cholokashvili |
1709 – 2 November 1722 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Unknown (daughter of the shamkhal of Tarki) no children Yatri Jahan-Begum three children |
2 November 1722 Template:Ill aged 44-45 | ||
| Interregnum: 1711-1714 Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia Regency of Prince Vakhtang | |||||||
| Overlordship of Soltan Hoseyn of Persia (1714-1722), Mahmud Hotak of Afghanistan (1722-1725) and Ashraf Hotak of Afghanistan (1725-1727) | Paternal grandsons of Vakhtang V. Jesse proved to be incompetent and addicted to alcohol. Unable to maintain order in his possessions, he was replaced, in June 1716, with his brother, Vakhtang, who had finally agreed to renounce Christianity. One of the most important and extraordinary statesman of early 18th-century Georgia, Vakhtang was known as a notable legislator, scholar, critic, translator and poet. His reign was eventually terminated by the Ottoman invasion following the disintegration of Safavid Persia, which forced Vakhtang into exile in the Russian Empire. After Ottoman invasion in Georgia that led to Vakhtang's escape, Jesse could return to the throne. After his death, the kingdom was abolished and united with Kakheti. | ||||||
| Jesse Ali-Quli Khan Mustafa Pasha (იესე) |
1680 Tbilisi Second son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli |
1714 – 1716 July 1724 – 1727 |
Kingdom of Kartli | Mariam Qaplanishvili-Orbeliani 1712 Elene-Begum of Kakheti 1715 eleven children |
1727 Tbilisi aged 57-58 | ||
| Vakhtang VI the Scholar Ḥosaynqolī Khan (ვახტანგ VI, حسینقلی خان) |
File:Vakhtang VI (miniature, 1700s).jpg | 15 September 1674 Tbilisi First son of Prince Levan and Tuta Gurieli |
1716 – July 1724 | Kingdom of Kartli | Rusudan of Circassia 1696 five children |
26 March 1737 Astrakhan aged 61 | |
| In 1727, the kingdom of Kartli was annexed to the Ottoman Empire, then to Persia (1735), and finally merged in Kakheti in 1744 | |||||||
| George VIII GurieliTemplate:Efn (გიორგი IV გურიელი) |
? Son of Mamia and Khvaramze Goshadze |
27 February – June 1720 | Kingdom of Imereti | Elena-Mariam Abashidze (annulled 1717) two children Khvaramze Dadiani no children |
1726 | Also Prince of Guria 1714–1726. Seized the crown of Imereti, but was forced to abandon the enterprise later that year. | |
| Alexander V (ალექსანდრე V) |
File:Alexander V of Imereti.jpg | 1703 Kutaisi Son of George VII and Rodam of Kartli |
June 1720 – 1741 1742 – March 1752 |
Kingdom of Imereti | Mariam Dadiani (d.1731) 1721 three children Tamar Abashidze (d.1772) 1732 five children |
March 1752 Kutaisi aged 49-50 |
Brought up at the court of his relative Vakhtang VI of Kartli and enjoyed his support in the power struggle in Imereti. After visiting Istanbul, in August 1719 he returned with a detachment of Turkish auxiliaries, deposed George VIII Gurieli in June 1720, and was crowned king of Imereti. Had, howver, opposition from his brother:
|
| Overlordship of Mahmud Hotak of Afghanistan (1722-1725), Ashraf Hotak of Afghanistan (1725-1729) and Tahmasp II of Persia (1729-1732) | He frequently feuded with his western neighbor and kinsman, Vakhtang VI of Kartli, who was declared by the Persian government deposed in 1723. | ||||||
| Constantine II Mahmād Qulī Khān (კონსტანტინე II მაჰმად ყული-ხანი) |
File:Constantine II of Kakheti.jpg | ? Isfahan Illegitimate son of Heraclius I |
2 November 1722 – 28 December 1732 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Perejan-Begum one child |
28 December 1732 Telavi aged | |
| George IX (გიორგი IX) |
1718 Kutaisi Second son of George VII and Tamar Gurieli |
1741 | Kingdom of Imereti | Mzekhatun Lipartiani five children |
1778 Kutaisi aged 59-60 |
After his brother Alexander V was ousted in the Ottoman-sponsored coup of 1741, he was enthroned in Imereti, but was deposed in the same year. | |
| Overlordship of Nader Shah of Persia (1744-1746) | Married since 1712. In 1735, the couple fomented unrest against the Persian rule, but Teimuraz was captured in 1736. Part of Georgian nobles staged a powerful rebellion against the Persian regime, and the shah released Teimuraz to suppress the opposition. In 1744, Teimuraz was confirmed by the shah as king of Kartli, his wife recognized as "Queen of Queens", and their son Erekle was given a Kakhetian crown, laying the ground for the eventual reunification of the Georgian kingdoms. They were recognised as Christian kings for the first time since 1632, and crowned as so. With their power growing increasingly stronger, Teimuraz soon repudiated their allegiance to the Persian suzerain. | ||||||
| Tamar II[6] (თამარი II) |
1696 Daughter of Vakhtang VI and Rusudan of Circassia |
1744 – 12 April 1746 | Kingdom of Kartli | Teimuraz II 2 February 1712 four children |
12 April 1746 Kutaisi aged 59/60 | ||
| Teimuraz II (თეიმურაზ II) |
File:Portrait of King Teimuraz II of Kakheti.jpg | 7 November 1700 Tbilisi Son of Constantine II and Perejan-Begum |
28 December 1732 – 1744 | Kingdom of Kakheti | Tamar Eristavi (annulled 1711) no children Tamar II 2 February 1712 four children Ana-Khanum Baratashvili 19 August 1746 two children |
8 January 1762 Saint Petersburg aged 61 | |
| 1744 – 8 January 1762 (with Tamar II until 1746) |
Kingdom of Kartli | ||||||
| The process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810. | |||||||
| Heraclius II (ერეკლე II) |
File:Erekle II (crop).jpg | 7 November 1720 Telavi Son of Teimuraz II and Tamar of Kartli |
1744 – 11 January 1798 | Kingdom of Kakheti (until 8 January 1762) Kingdom of Kakheti-Kartli (since 8 January 1762) |
Ketevan Pkheidze 1740 two children Anna Abashidze 1745 three children Darejan Dadiani 1750 twenty-three children |
11 January 1798 Telavi aged 77 |
Merged definitely Kartli with Kakheti after his father's death. His reign is regarded as the swan song of the Georgian monarchy. Aided by his personal abilities and the unrest in the Persian Empire, Heraclius established himself as a de facto autonomous ruler, unified eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries, and attempted to modernize the government, economics, and military. Overwhelmed by the internal and external menaces to Georgia's precarious independence, he placed his kingdom under the formal Russian protection in 1783, but the move didn't prevent the invasion of Georgia from being devastated by the Persian invasion in 1795. |
| Solomon I the Great (სოლომონ I დიდი) |
File:Solomon I of Imereti.jpg | 1735 Kutaisi Son of Alexander V and Tamar Abashidze |
March 1752 – 23 April 1784 | Kingdom of Imereti | Tinatin Shervashidze one child Mariam Dadiani (d.1778) three children Gulkan Tsulukidze (1730–1800) no children |
23 April 1784 Kutaisi aged 48-49 |
Had opposition from his cousin:
|
| David II (დავით II) |
File:Portrait of King David of Imereti.jpg | 1756 Kutaisi Son of George IX and Mzekhatun Lipartiani |
4 May 1784 – 1791 | Kingdom of Imereti | Ana Orbeliani c.1780 four children |
11 January 1795 Akhaltsikhe aged 38-39 |
After the death of his cousin, King Solomon I, he became a regent but prevented the rival princes David (the future king Solomon II) and George from being crowned. With the support of Katsia II Dadiani, prince of Mingrelia, he seized the throne and proclaimed himself king on May 4, 1784. Had opposition, in 1789, from a cousin, Prince Solomon, who would eventually succeeded him after ousting him in 1791. |
| Solomon II (სოლომონ II) |
File:King Solomon II of Imereti Georgia.jpg | 1772 Kutaisi Son of Prince Archil and Princess Elene of Georgia |
1791 – 1810 | Kingdom of Imereti | Anna Orbeliani 1787 no children Mariam Dadiani 1791 no children |
7 February 1815 Trabzon aged 42-43 |
Grandson of Alexander V. Initially prevented of the succession by his regent, he managed to overthrow him twice. Ruled under threat of Russian annexation, made even more present after the Kakheti-Kartli conquest in 1800. The menace became an official act with his deposition by the Imperial Russian government in 1810. |
| George XII (გიორგი XII) |
File:George XII of Georgia.jpg | 10 November 1746 Telavi Son of Heraclius II and Anna Abashidze |
11 January 1798 – 28 December 1800 | Kingdom of Kakheti and Kartli | Ketevan Andronikashvili 1766 twelve children Mariam Tsitsishvili 13 July 1783 eleven children |
28 December 1800 Tbilisi aged 54 |
His brief reign in the closing years of the 18th century was marked by significant political instability, which implied the near certainty of a civil strife and a Persian invasion. Weakened by poor health and overwhelmed by problems in his realm, George renewed a request of protection from Tsar Paul I of Russia. After his death, Imperial Russia took advantage of the moment and moved to annex the Georgian kingdoms, while sending the remnants of the Georgian royal family into forced exile in Russia. |
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Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the dynasty have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches were united by marriage of the Mukhranski pretender David Bagration of Mukhrani and Ana Bagration-Gruzinsky, the eldest daughter of the Gruzinski pretender Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky. The marriage ended in divorce in 2013, but produced a son named Giorgi. On 1 March 2025 Prince Nugzar died, the Gruzinski line went extinct in the male line and Ana became the rival pretender to her ex-husband with Giorgi as their shared heir apparent (his only child and her only son).
Timeline of Georgian monarchs
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bar:Time color:skyblue from: -302 till: 189 text:Pharnavazid from: 189 till: 284 text:Arsacid from: 284 till: 575 text:Chosroid from: 575 till: 1810 text:Bagrationi
</timeline>
See also
Notes
References
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