Kiddush Hashem
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Italic title Kiddush HaShem (Template:Langx "sanctification of the Name") is a precept of Judaism. In rabbinic sources and modern parlance, it refers to private and communal conduct that reflects well, instead of poorly, on the Jewish people.
Origins
The phrase "sanctification of the Name" does not occur in the Hebrew Bible,[1] but the instruction "to sanctify [God]" and the converse command "you shall not profane My holy name"[2] is frequently expressed. Any action by a Jew that brings honor, respect, and glory to God is considered sanctification of His name. In contrast, any behavior or action that disgraces, harms or shames God's name and His Torah is regarded as a chillul Hashem "desecration of the Name". The term appears throughout early Rabbinic literature, including the Sifre Devarim, the Jerusalem Talmud, and the Babylonian Talmud, and its principle – acting in such a manner as to avoid the criticism of gentiles – is cited for halakhic rulings.
Martyrdom during the Hadrianic persecution is called sanctification of the Name in Berachot 20a and Midrash Tehillim.[3] The ultimate act of sanctification of the Name is a Jew who is prepared to sacrifice his life rather than commit idolatry,[4] forbidden sexual acts (such as incest or adultery), or murder. The commandment of hillul Hashem was introduced by the Tannaim.[5]
See also
- Chillul hashem
- Self-sacrifice in Jewish law
- Fi sabilillah – a similar term in Islam
- Brahmacharya – a term for religious self conduct in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism
References
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- ↑ Esther Marie Menn Judah and Tamar (Genesis 38) in ancient Jewish exegesis 1997 p. 262 "The Hebrew Bible itself, however, does not employ the phrase "sanctification of the Name" to describe this type of positive connection.... "Sanctification of the Name" in the teachings of the tannaim 44 (1979) 28–42.
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- ↑ Craig A. Evans, James A. Sanders The function of scripture in early Jewish and Christian tradition 1998– Page 218 "R. 2.7, in which the words 'Give your soul for the sanctification of the Name'. Martyrdom during the Hadrianic persecution is also called 'sanctification of the Name' in b. Ber. 20a and Midr. Teh.
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External links
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