Kerr, Stuart and Company

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Kerr, Stuart and Company Ltd was a locomotive manufacturer in Stoke-on-Trent, England.

History

It was founded in 1881 by James Kerr as "James Kerr & Company", and became "Kerr, Stuart & Company" from 1883 when John Stuart was taken on as a partner. The business started in Glasgow, Scotland, but during this time they were only acting as agents ordering locomotives from established manufacturers, among them Falcon, John Fowler & Co. and Hartley, Arnoux and Fanning. They bought the last-named company in 1892 and moved into the California Works in Stoke to begin building all their own locomotives. Hartley, Arnoux and Fanning had also been building railway and tramway plant. This side of their business was sold to Dick, Kerr and Co. in Preston.

Notable Kerr, Stuart employees

Kerr, Stuart standard designs

Kerr, Stuart were known for producing a number of standard designs with many engines being built for stock and sold 'off the shelf' to customers. The names of these locomotive types were often derived from the purchaser of the first of that type or from the name it was given.

The Kerr, Stuart designs are typified by having a single trailing truck (allowing a large firebox to be placed behind the driving wheels) and/or having a saddle tank. Several designs of side tank locomotive were produced that shared a chassis and boiler with a saddle tank design and it is not unknown for a standard chassis from one design to be used with a different design's standard boiler to produce a locomotive to suit a customer's special requirements.

Standard gauge designs

Name Image Wheel arrangement (Whyte) Weight (long tons) Notes
Huxley 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix 16 Tons Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Witch 16 Tons Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Moss Bay File:Kerr Stuart Moss Bay.jpg 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix 29 Tons named after Moss Bay Haematite Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Workington
Rugeley 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix 31 Tons Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Priestley 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix 25.5 Tons No 3063 (1918) initially supplied to the National Shipyard in Beachley was purchased by W & R Parker in 1980. It was restored to working order at The Flour Mill in Bream, Gloucestershire in 2012 and is informally known as 'Willy the Well Tank". was at the Barry Tourist Railway in summer 2021. Now on loan to the Swindon and Cricklade Railway for the 2024 season. This is essentially a Borrows design from the 1860s.
Argentina 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix 34 Tons Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Victory Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
La Manada 4-4-0Template:Whyte suffix Locomotive number 1327 of 1913 is preserved in Ferro Club Villa Lynch (Argentina)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Narrow gauge designs

Name Image Wheel arrangement (Whyte notation) Weight (working order)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Notes
Wren File:Kerr, Stuart & Co. No. 4250 "Lorna Doone".jpg 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix 3.4 tons (4.2 tons) Pixie one of 27 of the Wren class ordered for a sewer contract in Essex, sold to Devon County Council in 1929. Purchased by the Industrial Locomotive Society in 1957, it entered service at Leighton Buzzard Narrow Gauge Railway in 1969.

Works number 3114 was part of the same batch of Wrens on the sewer contract. Its history beyond this is uncertain but it is believed that it worked on the dismantling of the Ashover Light Railway. After that it worked on the Bala Lake Railway as "Dryw Bach", and is now owned by the Vale of Rheidol Railway.

Peter Pan worked with Pixie in Devon. It was purchased in 1972 by Graham Hall who found the locomotive in a back garden in Bromsgrove and sometimes operates at the Leighton Buzzard Narrow Gauge Railway.

Lorna Doone is now preserved by the Birmingham City Museum and Art Gallery and is currently at the Amerton Railway, operational.

Also at the Amerton Railway is new build Wren "Jennie", built by the Hunslet Engine Company in 2008.

In 2010, the Hunslet Engine Company completed the last Wren "Thomas Wicksteed" for the Kew Bridge Steam Museum in London.

Two worked on the Camber Railway in the Falkland Islands

Sirdar File:Diana (locomotive).jpg 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix 6.5 tons Two of three locomotives being built for Allan Alderson and Company of Cairo for use during the Nile Barrage construction in Egypt were diverted to the British War Office in November 1899, for use by the Royal Engineers in a siege park in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek during the Second Boer War. Of the 58 of this class built only 2 are known to survive. No 1158 of 1917 "Diana" privately owned in the UK, and returned to working order in 2015, after 65 years out of use. The second is 652 "Hope", a modified Sirdar, which is classed as a National Monument in Namibia.
Tattoo File:The Apedale narrow gauge (5549206341).jpg 0-4-2Template:Whyte suffix 6.5 tons (8.5 tons) Three examples exist in the UK, all operational: Stanhope (1917) on the Apedale Valley Light Railway; Talyllyn Railway No.4 Edward Thomas (1921); and Corris Railway No.7 (2005); at least two survive out of service in Namtu, Burma at the Burma Mines Railway.[2][3] The class was built with either outside frames (such as Stanhope) or inside frames (such as Edward Thomas).
Darwin 8.8 tons (10.9 tons) Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Huxley 0-4-2Template:Whyte suffix At least one survives in working order on the Burma Mines Railway.[4] Joan on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway has a Huxley boiler carried on a modified Matary/Barreto chassis.
Skylark 10 tons Formerly used on Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway and Snailbeach District Railways.[5] A few survive at a sugar mill in Mauritius. Lukee operates at a tourist railway in Red Cliffs, Australia.
Joffre File:Lynton and Barnstaple Railway AXE at water crane 28-07-14.jpg 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix 8.5 tons (10.5 tons) Named after Joseph Joffre; the Joffre class of 70 locomotives was a French Decauville design built by KS under contract during the Great War. Six of the class are known to have survived, one in Africa and five re-imported into the UK; these include Axe on the Lynton & Barnstaple Railway and ones being restored for the Teifi Valley Railway, West Lancashire Light Railway, and the Apedale Valley Light Railway.[6]
Haig File:FR SgtMurphy.jpg 8.5 tons (10.5 tons) Named after Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig; the Haig class was developed from the Joffre as a result of parts being left unused at the end of the Great War. Two examples survive in New Zealand (one at Ocean Beach Railway in Dunedin, the other at MOTAT in Auckland) and one – Sergeant Murphy – on the Teifi Valley Railway
Brazil File:Melior at Preston.JPG 0-4-2Template:Whyte suffix 10.6 tons (13.6 tons) Several examples survive, including Excelsior on the Great Whipsnade Railway and three locos (Premier, Leader & Melior) of the Sittingbourne & Kemsley Light Railway
Waterloo 15 Tons Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Matary or Barreto (both names used) File:Steam engine at Whipsnade Zoo, Bedfordshire, England-12April2012.jpg 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffix 13 tons (17 tons) At least one original example survives, Superior on the Great Whipsnade Railway. Joan on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway has a modified Matary/Barreto chassis and a Huxley boiler.

Steam railmotors

Kerr, Stuart had a large joiners shop and a significant passenger coach construction business. They were therefore very well placed to build steam railmotors. Their first was a diminutive Template:RailGauge gauge saloon for the Maharajah of Gwalior in 1904 followed by a batch of 12 standard gauge railcars in 1905, six for the Taff Vale Railway, two for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, two for the Great Western Railway, one for the Great Indian Peninsula Railway[7] and one for the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway.[8][9] The last two in Indian gauge. The GWR gave a repeat order in 1906 for a further 12 slightly more powerful units. The Mauritius Government Railways ordered one in 1907.[10] The largest rail motor order was for 15 from the Italian State Railways.

Custom-built designs

File:Paranapiacaba pic10.JPG
Locobreque with two coaches on a tourist trip in 1987. The locomotive was built by Stephenson in 1931 to an almost identical design to the Kerr Stuarts

In addition to their standard designs, Kerr Stuart accepted orders to build to customers' own designs. From 1900, they built 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix locobrake for the São Paulo Railway Template:RailGauge gauge cable incline between Paranapiacaba and Piaçagüera. Six of them are preserved.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Narrow-gauge 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix 652 built in 1899 worked in the docks at Walvis Bay, Namibia until the 1950s and is now preserved in a purpose-built glass-windowed display hut in the forecourt of Walvis Bay station.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Between 1903 and 1904 they produced a 4-6-0Template:Whyte suffix design for several Irish Template:RailGauge gauge lines. A 4-6-2Template:Whyte suffix version was built for the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

A large Template:RailGauge gauge 0-6-6-0Template:Whyte suffix Meyer followed in 1904. Five American style bar-framed 2-8-0Template:Whyte suffix tender locomotives were built for the Template:RailGauge gauge Interocianic and Mexican Eastern Railways. In May 1910 they built a Template:RailGauge gauge "modified Fairlie" for service in Madras - two 0-4-2Template:Whyte suffix locomotives permanently coupled back to back. They received a repeat order for this combination.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1910 a class of four 4-2-2Template:Whyte suffix express passenger locomotives designed by E. J. Dunstan were produced for the Shanghai Nanking Railway. In service these locomotives proved to be faster, smoother running, and more economical than the similar 4-4-0Template:Whyte suffix engines on the same line.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

File:Rth Rly GWR 7714 Kerr Stuart 4449.1930 edited-2.jpg
Kerr Stuart works plate from GWR 57XX Class 0-6-0PT 7714 No.4449 of 1930

The company received several orders from the Template:RailGauge gauge Gwalior Light Railway in India. This included four large 2-8-2Template:Whyte suffix tender locomotives in 1928.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Six superheated 4-8-0Template:Whyte suffix mixed traffic locomotives built in 1929 were the last of a series of 4-4-0Template:Whyte suffix and 4-6-0Template:Whyte suffixs built for the Buenos Aires Central Railway of Argentina.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

After the First World War, Kerr, Stuart received a number of large orders from the British mainline railway companies who were seeking to replace obsolete equipment with their own standard designs. In 1920 the Metropolitan Railway ordered eight superheated 4-4-4Template:Whyte suffix passenger locomotives for the Aylesbury service. Between 1925 and 1927 the London Midland and Scottish Railway ordered fifty standard class 4F 0-6-0 goods locomotives and between 1929 and 1930 the Great Western Railway ordered 25 GWR 5700 Class 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffixs.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Diesel locomotives

In the late 1920s a number of diesel locomotives were built. These were available with two or three axles for various track gauges. The engines were by McLaren-Benz in 2-cylinder (30 hp), 4-cylinder (60 hp) or 6-cylinder (90 hp) form. Transmission was mechanical and final drive was by roller chains.[11]

They were very successful even though technology moved on quickly. Further development was stopped when Kerr, Stuart's went into receivership, but the Hunslet range of diesel locomotives was based on these. At least 3 Kerr, Stuart diesel locomotives have survived into preservation but none is in original condition having been given different engines.

The company in liquidation

File:Clase E Kerr.jpg
Class E n° 14 1028 used in the Buenos Aires Midland Railway, c. 1930.

On 17 April 1930 a petition calling for the company to be wound up compulsorily was presented in the High Court (Chancery Division) by the Midland Bank.[12] At a hearing held on 8 May 1930 this petition was withdrawn on settlement of an £8,000 guarantee.[13] However, the sale of the works to George Cohen, Sons & Co Ltd was announced in August 1930; a skeleton staff was employed to complete contracts in progress.[14] Another winding-up petition was presented on 10 September 1930 and an order was made on 14 October.[15]

At the creditors' meeting held on 14 November Herbert Langham Reed, the company's chairman and managing director,[16] attributed the failure of the company to the locking up of capital in the Peninsular Locomotive Company, registered in India 1921 to build locomotives (Kerr, Stuart held 80% of the capital and loaned £78,000), the [April] winding-up petition, which had resulted in a loss of confidence in the company, and 'to liabilities incurred by the company in supporting other companies'.[17] Company funds had, apparently, been used to finance a company called Evos Sliding Doorways. This company's failure had triggered the Midland Bank petition.[18] In LTC Rolt's autobiography "The Landscape Trilogy" it is also alleged that the company secretary was discovered to have committed suicide in Kerr, Stuart's London offices, and a large quantity of papers was found to have been burnt in the fireplace.[19] The firm's goodwill (designs, spare parts, etc.) was bought by the Hunslet Engine Company.

Some locomotives were built by W. G. Bagnall to Kerr, Stuart designs, a result of the chief Kerr, Stuart draughtsman, F. H. B. Harris, and a number of other Kerr, Stuart staff being employed by Bagnall's. These locomotives include examples of the Haig and Matary classes. The last steam locomotive built in Britain for industrial use was a Hunslet-built Brazil class engine in 1971. This locomotive is now running on the private Statfold Barn Railway. The Corris Railway commissioned a new locomotive based on the "Tattoo" design of its original No.4 (KS 4047 of 1921) and this was privately built over a ten-year period and went into service in 2005 as No.7.[20]

In popular culture

Wilbert Awdry based the character of Peter Sam on a Kerr Stuart Tattoo locomotive built for the Corris Railway in The Railway Series.

Preservation

Owner Class Name Serial No. Image Built Date Whyte Notation Gauge Notes
Apedale Valley Light Railway Tattoo Stanhope 2395 File:Apedale Valley Light Railway (geograph 4480114).jpg 1917 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge ex-Penrhyn Quarry Railway
Amerton Railway Wren Lorna Doone 4250 File:Amerton Railway Lorna Doone 05-06-18 28.jpeg 1922 0-4-0ST Template:RailGauge Purchased by RH Neal and sold to Devon County Council. Restoration to working order completed in 2018.
Jennie Hunslet 3905 File:Jennie Amerton Railway (geograph 4269692).jpg 2008 0-4-0ST Built by the Hunslet Engine Company in 2008 to the Kerr, Stuart Wren design, bought privately and housed at the Amerton Railway.
Sirdar Diana 1158 File:Diana at Tywyn Wharf - 2021-09-12.jpg 1917 0-4-0T Template:RailGauge ex Kerry Tramway Oakeley Quarry and Pen-yr-Orsedd Quarry
Museum of Antigua and Barbuda Brazil Marion 1178 1911 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge
Buckinghamshire Railway Centre GWR 5700 7714 4449 1930 0-6-0PT Template:RailGauge Only Preserved Kerr Stuart Built 57XX
90 hp Diesel Redland[21] K4428 1929 4wDM Heavily rebuilt
Cavan and Leitrim Railway Dromad 3024 1916 0-4-2T Template:RailGauge Rebuilt using a hotel boiler and parts from several other Irish locomotives
Corris Railway Tattoo No. 7 File:Corris Railway No 7 (8062036219).jpg 2005 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge Design based on the railway's original Tattoo (KS 4047)
Foxfield Railway Witch 4388 File:Kerr Stuart 4388.jpg 0-4-0ST Template:RailGauge
90 hp Diesel Rom River[22] 4421 File:Kerr Stuart 4421 shunting.jpg 1929 6wDM ex-R&ER, re-engined 1959
Great Whipsnade Railway Brazil Excelsior 1049 File:Excelsior loco Great Whipsnade.JPG 1908 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge ex-Bowaters Paper Railway
Barretto Superior 4034 File:Whipsnade Zoo -train at station-15April2009.jpg 1920 0-6-2ST
Leighton Buzzard Railway Wren Pixie 4260 File:BelgianNarrowSteam.jpg 1922 0-4-0ST Template:RailGauge
Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Joffre Axe 2451 1915 0-6-0ST ex-Gloddfa Ganol. Heavily rebuilt, but retaining many original parts, Axe Returned to Steam on 11 November 2008 at Woody Bay for a dedication ceremony to honour the fallen railwaymen of the First World War
Owned by Graham Morris Wren Peter Pan 4256 1922 0-4-0ST
West Lancashire Light Railway Joffre "Joffre" 2405 1915 0-6-0WT+T ex-Carriers de la Valee-Meureuse et Haut Bain Hydrequent, Pas de Calais, France
Moseley Railway Trust Joffre 3014 1916 0-6-0WT+T Template:RailGauge ex-Gloddfa Ganol
Beamish Museum 721 0-4-0WT Template:RailGauge ex-Dundee Gasworks
Ocean Beach Railway Dunedin, New Zealand Haig 4185 1929 0-6-0T Template:RailGauge Built for Kempthorne Prosser. Regularly operated on passenger trains
MOTAT Auckland, New Zealand Haig 4183 1929 0-6-0T Template:RailGauge This locomotive spent its entire working life with Kempthorne Prosser Ltd. at their Westfield (Auckland, N.Z.) fertiliser works. Retired in 1966, it was donated to MOTAT and operated there for a short time until boiler repairs were required. After a period on static display, the locomotive was dismantled during the 1970s for restoration. Ultimately the dismantled locomotive was leased to McDonald's Restaurants, and following restoration was on static display at their Paraparaumu establishment from 1987 to 2008, before being returned to MOTAT where it remains in the locomotive shed awaiting restoration to working order.
Privately owned by Peter Rampton, Surrey, England 4408 1928 0-6-4T Template:RailGauge
Philippine National Railways Cabanatuan Cabanatuan 777 File:Tutubanrailwaystationjf1188 05.JPG 1905 0-6-0T Template:RailGauge This was originally built for the British-owned Manila Railway Company and was the lead locomotive of its class. It is now on static display in front of Tutuban station.
Cavite Dagupan 1007 File:Manila Railway Cavite class Dagupan in 1988.jpg 1907 This saddle tank locomotive was built for Manila Railway and was rebuilt from the original Cavite locomotive. Like Cabanatuan, it is now on static display in front of Tutuban station. One of its parts were damaged.
Red Cliffs Historical Steam Railway, Victoria, Australia Skylark Lukee 742 1901 0-4-2T Template:RailGauge The Red Cliffs Historical Steam Railway was formed in 1994 under the auspices of the Red Cliffs Rotary Club to operate the restored 'Lukee', that had formerly operated between Red Cliffs railway station and the Red Cliffs pumping station. A two kilometre section of the former 1600mm gauge Red Cliffs – Morkalla branch line has been converted to 610mm gauge for tourist train operation. The train normally operates on the first Sunday of each month from 11am to 4.00pm and on Easter Saturday and the Sundays of the Labour Day and Queens Birthday long weekends. The Train does not operate in January or February because of the fire danger.
Sandstone Steam Railway, Ficksburg, South Africa Wren Little Bess 4031 1919 0-4-0ST Template:RailGauge
4063 1924 0-4-2PT
1344 1913 4-6-2T
Sittingbourne & Kemsley Light Railway Brazil Leader 926 File:‘LEADER’ 0-4-2ST Kerr Stuart 926 of 1905.jpg 1906 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge
Premier 886 File:Sittingbourne 'Premier' KS 886-05 7003.jpg 1905
Melior 4219 File:Sittingbourne 'Melior' KS 4219-24 7003.jpg 1924
Severn Valley Railway GWR 5700 No. 7714 4449 File:GWR 7714, Kidderminster 2023.jpg 1930 0-6-0PT Template:RailGauge Operational as of October 2018.
Statfold Barn Railway Brazil Trangkil No.4 3902 File:Amerton Railway HE3902 05-06-18 62.jpeg 1971 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge The last industrial steam locomotive built in Britain, regauged from Template:RailGauge gauge.
Talyllyn Railway modified Tattoo Edward Thomas 4047 1921 0-4-2ST Template:RailGauge ex Corris Railway No.4; carried same number under CR, GWR, BR & TR ownership
Teifi Valley Railway Haig Sgt. Murphy 0-6-2ST Template:RailGauge ex-Penrhyn Quarry Railway, Heavily rebuilt
Privately Preserved, Kent Joffre 2442 1915 0-6-0WT+T ex-Gloddfa Ganol
Vale of Rheidol Railway Wren 3114 1918 0-4-0ST Formerly carried names Brockamin or Dryw Bach
Welsh Highland Railway 60 hp Diesel 4115 6wDM One of the earliest diesel locomotives in existence
Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway modified Matary with Huxley boiler Joan 1927 0-6-2ST Template:RailGauge Originally operated in Antigua, overhauled with a new boiler of revised design.
Statfold Barn Railway Joffre 3010 File:Kerr Stuart 3010.jpg 1916 0-6-0WT+T Template:RailGauge ex-Gloddfa Ganol, formerly stored at the Yaxham Light Railway
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, SP (Brazil) Sinhá Moça (ex- Maceió) No. 1 928 July 1907 0-4-2T Template:Cvt operational (weekend and holiday tourist services); most authors still believe her to be static at Usina Serra Grande in São José da Laje, AL
Usina Serra Grande in São José da Laje, AL (Brazil) No. 2 1244 January 1912 0-4-2T Template:Cvt static
Usina Serra Grande in São José da Laje, AL (Brazil) Mestre Borges (ex- Nesita Forges) No. 4 4193 September 1927 0-6-2T Template:Cvt operational (tourist services)
Fives Lille in Maceió, AL (Brazil) unknown 4389 March 1927 0-4-2T Template:Cvt static (former Usina Cansanção do Sinimbu locomotive)
Usina Central Olho d'Água in Camutanga, PE (Brazil) unknown 4302 June 1926 0-4-2T Template:Cvt static
Usina Catende in Catende, PE (Brazil) No. 1 1281 December 1912 0-4-2T Template:Cvt static
Fazenda Guaritá in Rio das Flores, RJ (Brazil) Wren none 1248 said to be 1914 0-4-0ST Template:Cvt operational
1st Railway Battalion of the Brazilian Army in Lages, SC (Brazil) Wren Jaguarizinho No. 3 1194 June 1912 0-4-0ST Template:Cvt static
Fazenda Angélica in Dourado, SP (Brazil) No. 1 673 June 1912 0-6-2ST Template:Cvt static
entrance of Paranapiacaba, SP (Brazil) No. 8 668 1900 0-4-0LB Template:RailGauge static
Museu Ferroviário de Paranapiacaba, Paranapiacaba, Brazil Wren No. 1 1015 December 1907 0-4-0ST Template:Cvt static (in operational condition)
none No. 7 671 1900 0-4-0LB Template:RailGauge static (in operational condition)
Fazenda Vassoural in Pontal, Brazil Wren No. 1 1195 1912 0-4-0ST Template:Cvt static
Locomotive Depot at Estação da Luz in São Paulo, Brazil No. 2 662 1900 0-4-0LB Template:RailGauge static
ABPF - Regional São Paulo in São Paulo, Brazil none No. 4 664 1900 0-4-0LB Template:RailGauge static (in operational condition)
No. 9 669 1900 0-4-0LB Template:RailGauge awaiting restoration
No. 11 667 1900 0-4-0LB Template:RailGauge awaiting restoration
St. Kitts Sugar Corp Brazil No. 5 1314 1916 0-4-2ST derelict

References

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  1. ↑ Brell Ewart and Brian Radford "6233 Duchess of Sutherland and the Princess Coronation Class", Princess Royal Locomotive Trust Publication, 2002
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Steve Green: The "Joffre" class 0-6-0Ts. In: The Corkscrew. Newsletter of the Wimborne Railway Society, Founded 1976. Issue 72, December 2012.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ "Rail Motor Coaches" The Railway Magazine issue 98 – August 1905 – Page 136
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Rolt, L.T.C. A Hunslet Hundred, David & Charles 1964, pp 98–100
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  13. ↑ The Times 9 May 1930
  14. ↑ The Times 15 August 1930
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  16. ↑ The Times 1 April 1930
  17. ↑ The Times 15 November 1930
  18. ↑ Cartwright R.C., The Llanfair Railway Journal 105, October 1987
  19. ↑ LTC Rolt "The Landscape Trilogy" (2001): combined volume of "Landscape with Machines" (1971), "Landscape with Canals" (1977) and "Landscape with Figures" (1992)
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • L.T.C. Rolt, A Hunslet Hundred, David & Charles, 1964, (Kerr, Stuart & Company – pages 86–101).

External links

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