Kerala Congress

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Kerala Congress is an Indian political party founded in Kottayam, Kerala on 9 October 1964, by a block of former Indian National Congress leaders led by K. M. George.[1][2][3] The party is primarily active in central Kerala.[2][4] Initially its main support came from the Syrian Christians and the Nair community of southern Kerala.[5]

The establishment of the Kerala Congress could be traced to the resignation and later death of P. T. Chacko, the Home Minister in the R. Sankar-led Congress ministry (1962–64).[2][3] Fifteen rebel Congress Members of the Legislative Assembly subsequently supported a successful no confidence motion on the Sankar Ministry.[2] K. M. George, R. Balakrishna Pillai and other leaders backed by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church and the Nair Service Society leader Mannathu Padmanabhan, formed the "Kerala Congress" at Kottayam Thirunakkara Ground on 9th October 1964.[1][2][3]

History

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Kerala Congress was formed as a breakaway faction from Indian National Congress in 1964, led by K. M. George and R. Balakrishna Pillai.[3] The party won 26 seats in the 1965 Kerala Assembly election.[3]

George and Pillai were arrested and imprisoned during the National Emergency.[3] Kerala Congress joined the C. Achutha Menon-led Kerala ministry in 1975 (R. Balakrishna Pillai and K. M. Mani as ministers).[3] R. Balakrishna Pillai was later replaced by K. M. George (who died in 1976).[3]

R. Balakrishna Pillai formed the Kerala Congress (B) in 1977.[3][2]

K. M. Mani, with the Congress alliance, served as the Home Minister in the later K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony led ministries (replaced in between by P. J. Joseph).[3]

Kerala Congress (Mani) was formed from Kerala Congress in 1979.[3][2]

Kerala Congress (P. J. Joseph Era) (1979–2010)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". However, Splinter fractions of R. Balakrishna Pillai and K. M. Mani merged with parent Kerala Congress led by P. J. Joseph in 1985.

These parties again split in 1987 by K. M. Mani, after the split in the same year since there was a big legal battle for the name and symbol between P. J. Joseph and K. M. Mani. The court ruled in favor of P. J. Joseph. In 1989, R. Balakrishnan Pillai also left Parent Kerala Congress.

P. J. Joseph was minister several times until 2010 representing Kerala Congress.

Merger with Kerala Congress (M) and dissolution (2010–2015)

In 2010, one of the founder's sons, P. C. Thomas, joined the Party. He was a Kerala Congress (M) member until 2001 and later formed his own party, the Indian Federal Democratic Party.

Later that year, Kerala Congress (J) and Kerala Congress (M) decide to merge into one party. P. C. Thomas did not support this merger and made his own fraction called Kerala Congress (Anti-merger Group).

Eventually, the Kerala Election Commission froze the party's name and symbol, thereby dissolving Kerala Congress.

Revival of Kerala Congress (2016– )

Alliance with NDA (P. C. Thomas Era (2016–2021))

P. C. Thomas was a chairman of Kerala Congress (Anti-merger Group). In 2014, a power struggle erupted in that party and on 2015 Thomas left Kerala Congress (Anti-merger Group) and formed Kerala Congress (Thomas) but Left Democratic Front did not approve this split and kicked out Thomas from their alliance.

In August 2015, the Kerala Congress faction led by P. C. Thomas join the Kerala unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA).[6]

In 2016, after a long legal battle P. C. Thomas received approval to use the name as bracket less Kerala Congress party. So Thomas dissolved Kerala Congress (Thomas) and revived the Kerala Congress.

P. C. Thomas contested from Kottayam Lok Sabha constituency for NDA[7] on 2019 Indian general election

In October 2020, it was reported that P. C. Thomas was leaving NDA and was likely to join the United Democratic Front (UDF).[8] The party however decided to stay in the NDA and extended their support to NDA candidates in the 2020 Kerala local elections.[9]


From 2016 to 2021 Kerala Congress was in an alliance with NDA (National Democratic Alliance).

On 17 March 2021, the party left the NDA. later the Kerala Congress (Joseph), which was part of the Congress-led UDF merged into bracket-less Kerala Congress.[10][11] which lead to P. J. Joseph becoming the Kerala Congress Party chairman again.

2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election

After the merger with Kerala Congress, P. J. Joseph, and Mons Joseph resigned from the MLA post to avoid the technicalities regarding the Anti-Defection[12] Law as they had won the assembly election in 2016 in KEC(M) tickets[13][14] However, 8 out of 10 candidates of Kerala Congress lost in elections, only P. J. Joseph and Mons Joseph were re-elected to the legislative assembly from Thodupuzha and Kaduthuruthy respectively.[15]

Splinter Factions of Kerala Congress

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Parties in UDF

Parties in LDF

Parties in NDA

There is a move for grand-merger of Kerala Congress factions within NDA - Kerala Congress (B) Ranjith of Ranjith Abraham Thomas, Kerala Congress(N) of Kuruvila Mathews, Kerala Congress(S) of Kallada Das, Kerala Vikas Congress (KVC) of Prof. Prakash Kuriakose along with National Progressive Party of V. V. Augustine along with some individual former Kerala Congress leaders like George J. Mathew, V. Surendran Pillai, Mathew Stephen, M. V. Mani, George Sebastian, Jerry Easow Oommen, etc.

Parties with Trinamool Congress

Party organisation

Leadership

On 27 April a meeting convened online by the party leadership in Thodupuzha and chose P.J Joseph as party chairman[16] and PC Thomas as working chairman.[17] Mons Joseph has been elected as the Executive Chairman,[18] Francis George, Johnny Nelloor and Thomas Unniyadan as deputy chairman, while Joy Abraham[19] is the secretary-general.[20]

Electoral performance

Loksabha election results in Kerala
Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Election Year Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Alliance Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats contested Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats won Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Total Votes Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Percentage of votes Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | +/- Vote
2024 UDF 1 Template:Composition bar 364,631 1.84% New
2009 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 333,688 2.09% Decrease 0.26%
2004 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 353,905 2.35% Decrease 0.05%
1999 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 365,313 2.40% Increase 0.20%
1998 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 327,649 2.20% Decrease 0.03%
1996 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 320,539 2.23% Decrease 0.01%
1991 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 319,933 2.24% Increase 1.78%
1989 LDF 1 Template:Composition bar 68,811 0.46% Decrease 1.91%
1984 UDF 1 Template:Composition bar 258,591 2.37% Decrease 2.00%
1980 UDF 2 Template:Composition bar 356,997 4.37% Decrease 1.23%
1977 UDF 2 Template:Composition bar 491,674 5.6% Decrease 2.70%
1971 UDF 3 Template:Composition bar 542,431 8.3% Increase 3,18%
1967 UDF 5 Template:Composition bar 321,219 5.12% New


Kerala Legislative Assembly election results
Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Election Year Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Alliance Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats contested Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Seats won Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Total Votes Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | Percentage of votes Style="background-color:Template:Party color;color:white" | +/- Vote
2021 UDF 10 Template:Composition bar 554,115 2.66% Increase 2.48%
2016 UDF 3 Template:Composition bar 37,108 0.18%
2006 LDF 6 Template:Composition bar 271,854 1.75% Decrease 1.15%
2006 LDF 10 Template:Composition bar 455,748 2.9% Decrease 0.20%
1996 LDF 10 Template:Composition bar 442,421 3.10% Decrease 0.27%
1991 LDF 10 Template:Composition bar 477,849 3.37% Decrease 0.17%
1987 LDF 14 Template:Composition bar 451,159 3.54% Decrease 0.90%
1982 UDF 12 Template:Composition bar 435,200 4.55% Decrease 0.40%
1980 UDF 17 Template:Composition bar 471,817 4.95% Decrease 3.43%
1977 UDF 22 Template:Composition bar 734,879 8.38% Increase 2.47%
1970 UDF 31 Template:Composition bar 445,232 5.91% Decrease 1.66%
1967 Steady 61 Template:Composition bar 475,172 7.57% Decrease 5.01%
1965 Steady 54 Template:Composition bar 796,291 12.58% New

Notable leaders of various factions of Kerala Congress

References

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External links

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