Kanamarí language
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Expand Portuguese Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Kanamarí, or Katukina-Kanamari, is a Katukinan language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil. It is considered endangered.
The two principal varieties, Kanamari (Canamarí) and Katukina (Catuquina), are mutually intelligible, and have both been confused with neighboring languages with the same or similar names.[1]
Synonyms and dialect names include Tshom-djapa, Tsohon-djapa, Wiri-dyapá, Pidá-dyapá, Kutiá-dyapá (Kadiu-diapa, Cutiadapa), Tucun-diapa, Bendiapa, Parawa.
Etymology
The term Katukina is derived from the Proto-Purus term *ka-tukanɨ, meaning 'speaker of an indigenous language'.Template:Sfn As a result, it is used to refer to a few different unrelated languages belonging to separate language families, including Panoan and Arawakan:
- Katukina (Arawakan)
- Katukína (Panoan)
- Catuquinarú (unclassified)
Phonology
Consonants
An alveolar lateral consonant /l/ may be realized as a retroflex lateral Template:IPAblink. A velar nasal Template:IPAblink sound is often heard when following after nasal vowels. A glottal stop Template:IPAblink can be heard before word-initial vowels. A word-final /k/ may also sound unreleased Template:IPAblink.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| High | Template:IPA link Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link Template:IPA link | |
| Low | Template:IPA link Template:IPA link | |||
/i/ and /u/ may be realized as approximant sounds Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink, when preceding another vowel.Template:Sfn
Grammar
The syntax of Kanamarí is characterized by ergative–absolutive alignment.Template:Sfn The absolutive argument (i.e. the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs) is unmarked for case, and usually appears following the verb phrase.
If the absolutive argument is a pronoun, it is represented by its free-standing form.
The ergative argument (i.e. the agent of transitive verbs) is marked for genitive case. If the agent is a pronoun, it is represented by a genitive prefix (as in no-ti paiko 'you killed grandfather' above). If the agent is a full noun, it is linked to the verb with the case marker na, which phonologically attaches to the verb:
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Harald Hammarström (2013) Review of the Ethnologue, 16th Ed.
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Template:Cite thesis
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".