Kashan County

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Kashan County (Template:Langx) is in Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Kashan.[1]

History

Script error: No such module "Unsubst".The etymology of the city's name comes from Kasian, the original inhabitants of the city, whose remains are found at Tapeh Sialk dating back 9,000 years; later this changed to Kashian, hence the town name. Between the 12th and the 14th centuries, Kashan was an important centre for the production of high quality pottery and tiles. In modern Persian, the word for a tile (kashi) comes from the name of the town.[2]

Archeological discoveries in the Sialk Hillocks, which lie 4 km west of Kashan, reveal that this region was one of the primary centers of civilization in pre-historic ages. Kashan dates back to the Elamite period of Iran. The Sialk ziggurat still stands today in the suburbs of Kashan after 7,000 years.[3]

The artifacts uncovered at Sialk reside in the Louvre in Paris, the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Iran's National Museum.[4]

By some accounts, although not all, Kashan was the origin of the three wise men who followed the star that guided them to Bethlehem to witness the nativity of Jesus, as recounted in the Bible.[5] Whatever the historical validity of this story, the attribution of Kashan as their original home testifies to the city's prestige at the time the story was set down.

According to a legend dating from the Safavid era, Abu Lu'lu'a, the Persian skilled craftsman who was enslaved by the Islamic conquerors and who eventually assassinated the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in 644, fled to Kashan after the assassination.[6] The shrine that was built over his supposed tomb is one of Kashan's notable landmarks.

Sultan Malik Shah I of the Seljuk dynasty ordered the building of a fortress in the middle of Kashan in the 11th century. The fortress walls, called Ghal'eh Jalali still stand today in central Kashan.[7]

Kashan was also a leisure vacation spot for Safavi Kings. Bagh-e Fin (Fin Garden), specifically, is one of the most famous gardens in Iran. This beautiful garden with its pool and orchards was designed for Shah Abbas I as a classical Persian vision of paradise. The original Safavid buildings have been substantially replaced and rebuilt by the Qajar dynasty, although the layout of trees and marble basins is close to the original. The garden itself, however, was first founded 7,000 years ago alongside the Cheshmeh-ye-Soleiman. The garden is also notorious as the site of the murder of Mirza Taghi Khan known as Amir Kabir, chancellor of Nasser-al-Din Shah, Iran's King in 1852.[8]

File:Kashan-borujerdis house.jpg
House of Borujerdis. 1870s.

The earthquake of 1778 levelled the city of Kashan and all the edifices of Shah Abbas Safavi, leaving 8,000 casualties. But the city started afresh and has today become a focal tourist attraction due to the numerous large houses from the 18th and 19th centuries, illustrating the finest examples of Qajari aesthetics.

After the 2011 National Census, the city of Jowsheqan va Kamu was split into the two cities of Jowshaqan-e Qali and Kamu va Chugan.[9]

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 297,000 in 81,816 households.[10] The following census in 2011 counted 323,371 people in 95,260 households.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 364,482 in 112,258 households.[12]

Administrative divisions

Kashan County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Kashan County Population
Administrative Divisions 2006[10] 2011[11] 2016[12]
Central District 266,921 293,996 324,501
Khorramdasht RD 726 856 1,442
Kuhpayeh RD 5,074 5,284 6,317
Miyandasht RD 7,372 7,662 6,898
Kashan (city) 248,789 275,325 304,487
Meshkat (city) 4,960 4,869 5,357
Barzok District 10,267 11,215 14,910
Babaafzal RDTemplate:Efn 1,904 1,879 2,393
Golab RD 5,152 6,071 7,929
Barzok (city) 3,211 3,265 4,588
Neyasar District 9,000 8,935 11,821
Kuh Dasht RD 2,174 2,322 3,555
Neyasar RD 4,823 4,442 5,947
Neyasar (city) 2,003 2,171 2,319
Qamsar District 10,812 9,225 13,247
Jowshaqan-e Qali RD 142 145 329
Qohrud RD 1,627 904 2,426
Jowshaqan-e Qali (city) 4,181
Jowsheqan va Kamu (city)Template:Efn 5,477 4,766
Kamu va Chugan (city) 2,434
Qamsar (city) 3,566 3,410 3,877
Total 297,000 323,371 364,482
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Geography

To the north is Qom County; to the east is Aran and Bidgol County, the desert, and the salt lake; to the south is Isfahan County; and to the west are the Karkas Mountains.

The rivers flowing from the mountains to the desert are small and temporary. The most important is Shah Ab, originating in Qohrud Rural District. Irrigation is mainly dependent on subterranean channels, and the water is slightly salty. There are also several springs, the most notable of which is the Fin water source. [13]

Kashan County today

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Although there are many sites in Kashan of potential interest to tourists, the city remains largely undeveloped in this sector, with fewer than a thousand foreign tourists per year. Qamsar and Abyaneh are notable towns around Kashan, which attract tourists all year around. The nearby town of Niasar features a man-made cave and fireplace of historical interest.[14][15]

Kashan is famous for manufacturing carpets, silk and other textiles, after Aran va bidgol. Kashan today has an active marble and copper mining industry.[16]

Qaleh Jalali is not in the centre of Kashan, but is on the edge of the southern margin of the old wall of the city; the southern part of the wall and the qaleh (the citadel) join up and form just one piece. Areas outside the wall used to be simply irrigated farmlands, but today are sporadically residential.[17]

Tourism

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Kashan has many tourist locations.

Fin Garden to the west of Kashan, at the end of Amir Kabir Road (Fin road), is an old and beautiful garden from 300 years ago. The garden has a museum and a bath. In the museum are many ancient tools from 3,000 years ago. Amir Kabir, the chief minister to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Shah of Persia), was killed 200 years ago in the bath.

The ancient Tepe Sialk (or Sialk hill) ziggurat is on Amir Kabir road and tourists can visit this ancient hill that was used 3,500 years ago.

Ancient houses are located in the Soltan Mir Ahmad neighborhood in Alavi Street. In this neighborhood are many ancient houses from 300 years ago.

The Karkas mountains are behind the Fin Garden and the Tehran-Isfahan Highway.

The most important Kashan souvenirs are cotton candy, pancakes, sesame, and rosewater.

Main sights

Kashan's architectural sights include:

Transportation

Kashan is connected via freeways to Isfahan and Natanz to the South, and Qom, which is an hour drive away to the north.

Education

Colleges and universities in Kashan include:

Notable people

Sister cities

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Introducing Kashan معرفی کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  3. ↑ 7500-year-old city of Iranشهر ۷۵۰۰ ساله ایران Retrieved 13 April 2025
  4. ↑ Iranian glazed tiles and potteryکاشی ها و سفالینه های لعابی ایران Retrieved 13 April 2025
  5. ↑ Elgood, Cyril. A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932. Cambridge Library Collection - History of Medicine. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Template:ISBN p. 34
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". p. 127, note 23. On Abu Lu'lu'a, see Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Film/Jalali Castle and Seljuk Wall of Kashan فیلم/قلعه جلالی و حصار سلجوقی کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  8. ↑ Kashan کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Habibollah Zanjani and EIr., “KASHAN i. GEOGRAPHY,” Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012. [1]. Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  14. ↑ hosts 300,000 tourists کاشان میزبان ۳۰۰ هزار گردشگر Retrieved 13 April 2025
  15. ↑ A complete introduction to the sights of Kashan معرفی تمام و کمال جاهای دیدنی کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Qal'ah-i Jalali قلعه جلالی Retrieved 13 April 2025

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