Karp-class submarine

Russian submarine Karp

The Karp class were a class of submarines built by Krupp Germaniawerft for the Imperial Russian Navy. The class, composed of three boats (, , ) were ordered in the 1904 emergency programme as a result of the Russo-Japanese War. The design was a twin hull type powered by a kerosene-electric power plant with a diving limit. The boats were delivered late for the war and transferred to the Black Sea Fleet by rail in 1908. In 1909, Kambala was lost. The other two submarines remained in service until their withdrawal in March 1917. They were taken over in April 1918 by the Ukrainian State before being captured by the German Empire in May and transferred to the British following the German surrender in November. The British scuttled Karp and Karas at Sevastopol in 1919 to prevent their capture by the Soviets.

Description

The Karp class was of a twin-hulled design produced by Austrian-born Spanish engineer Template:Ill that had a surface displacement of and were submerged. They were long overall with a beam of and a draught of . They had a complement of 28 officers and ratings.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The submarines were designed to be deconstructed for rail transport.Template:Sfn

The submarines were powered by a kerosene-electric power plant driving two shafts. The shafts were of the fixed-revolution type and turned variable pitch propellers. The two kerosene-powered engines were rated at and the two electric motors, . Kerosene was chosen over gasoline as the fuel choice due to its better safety record. The submarines had a maximum speed of on the surface and submerged. They had a range of on the surface and submerged.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

They were armed with one torpedo tube and two external Drzewiecki drop collars for torpedoes. The submarines had seven ballast and trimming tanks, and could dive to .Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The ballast and fuel tanks were located between the two hulls.Template:Sfn The design served as the prototype for the first German U-boat, , which was commissioned into the Imperial German Navy on 14 December 1906.Template:Sfn U-1 has been preserved, and is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich.Template:Sfn

Boats in class

Karp-class submarinesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Name	Builder	Launched	Commissioned	Fate
Karp (Карп)	Germaniawerft, Kiel	1907	2 October 1907	Scuttled at Sevastopol on 26 April 1919.
Kambala (Камбала)		1907		Sunk in collision with the battleship , 11 June 1909.
Karas (Карась)		1907		Decommissioned in 1917. Scuttled at Sevastopol on 26 April 1919.

Service history

Three submarines were ordered as part of the 1904 emergency building programme as part of the naval buildup of the Russo-Japanese War on 30 April 1904.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn A German design build and constructed in the German Empire, delivery of the engines led to construction delays, with the first submarine of the class only able to perform sea trials with her electric motors. The Karp class was only delivered to Russia in 1907, with the commissioning ceremony held at Kiel attended by Prince Dolgorukov.Template:Sfn The submarines were transferred by rail to the Black Sea in 1908 and joined the Black Sea Fleet in anticipation of conflict with the Ottoman Empire.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Further issues arose for the class when it was found that the rail deconstruction feature led to corrosion. The flanges, nuts and bolts that held the sections of the hull together corroded quickly in salt water which led to weakened hulls. By 1914, the submarines were instructed not to dive below . After joining the Black Sea Fleet, all three submarines of the Karp class were made part of a training squadron based at Sevastopol. The squadron would remain relatively unchanged until World War I.Template:Sfn

Kambala sank in 1909. The reason and location of this sinking is unclear. Some reports have the submarine sinking near Kronstadt due to an erroneously opened valve while others have her sinking in an accidental collision with the near Sevastopol on 11 June.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In the Sevastopol sinking, 20 crew perished with only the commanding officer, who had been topside saved.Template:Sfn It has even been suggested that she sank twice first near Kronstadt then after being salvaged was sunk again near Sevastopol.Template:Sfn Parts of the wreck were raised later in 1909 and broken up for scrap.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn

Karp and Karas remained in service throughout World War I until March 1917 when they were withdrawn from service and hulked at Sevastopol.Template:Sfn After Romania's entry into the war on the side of the Allies, the submarines were based at Constanța in August 1916. They were withdrawn before the fall of the city to the Central Powers in October 1916.Template:Sfn In April 1918, they were briefly taken over by the Ukrainian State before being captured by the German Empire in May. With the German surrender in November 1918, the submarines were turned over to the British. The submarines remained at Sevastopol during the Russian Civil War until 26 April 1919, when they were scuttled to prevent their capture by the Soviets.Template:Sfn

External links

• Template:Commonscatinline
• Template:In lang КОРАБЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ФЛОТИ (1917 - 1918 рр.) - Ukrainian Navy (1917-1918)
• Ukrainian Navy: ferial excursions into the past and present