Jury rigging

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Use dmy datesTemplate:Use British English Template:Sister project

File:Jurry rigged rudder.jpg
Model showing a method for jury-rigging a rudder

In maritime transport and sailing, jury rigging or jury-rigging[1] is making temporary makeshift running repairs with only the tools and materials on board. It originates from sail-powered boats and ships. Jury-rigging can be applied to any part of a ship; be it its super-structure (hull, decks), propulsion systems (mast, sails, rigging, engine, transmission, propeller), or controls (helm, rudder, centreboard, daggerboards, rigging).

Similarly, a jury mast is a replacement mast after a dismasting.[2] If necessary, a yard would also be fashioned and stayed to allow a watercraft to resume making way.

Etymology

The Oxford English Dictionary states that jury-mast is "Of unknown origin", adding "Apparently either a corruption of some earlier name, or a jocular appellation invented by sailors. For the suggestion that it may have been short for injury-mast, no supporting evidence has been found." It defines it as "Nautical: A temporary mast put up in place of one that has been broken or carried away." and the earliest citation given is from 1616, with the spelling lury mast.[3]

The 1881 edition of Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable defines Jury Mast as "A corruption of joury mast, i.e. a mast for the day, a temporary mast, being a spar used for the nonce when the mast has been carried away. (French, jour, a day)",[4] but the 1970 Centenary Edition of the same work states that "the etymology of 'jury' here is a matter of surmise".[5] A further suggested derivation is from the old French ajurie (aid).[6]

Rigging

File:Jury-mast-knot-variations.jpg
Three variations of the jury mast knot.

A sail-powered boat may carry a limited amount of repair materials, from which some form of jury-rig can be fashioned. Additionally, anything salvageable, such as a spar or spinnaker pole, could be adapted to carry a makeshift sail.

Ships typically carried a selection of spare parts such as topmasts. However, due to their much larger size, at up to Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter, the lower masts were too large to carry as spares. Example jury-rig configurations include:

  • A spare topmast
  • The main boom of a brig
  • Replacing the foremast with the mizzenmast (mentioned in William N. Brady's The Kedge Anchor, or Young Sailors' Assistant, 1852)
  • The bowsprit set upright and tied to the stump of the original mast.

The jury mast knot may provide anchor points for securing makeshift stays and shrouds to support a jury mast, although there is differing evidence of the knot's actual historical use.[7][8][9]

Jury-rigs are not limited to sail-powered boats. Any unpowered watercraft can carry jury sail. A rudder, tiller, or any other component can be jury-rigged by improvising a repair out of materials at hand.[1]

Similar terms

  • Jerry-built things, which are things 'built unsubstantially of bad materials', has a separate unknown etymology. It is probably linked to earlier pejorative uses of the word jerry, attested as early as 1721, and may have been influenced by jury-rigged.[10][11][12] The blended terms jerry rigging and jerry-rigged are also common.[13][14]
  • Script error: No such module "anchor".Afro engineering (short for African engineering)[15] or nigger-rigging[16] is a highly offensive term[17] for a fix that is temporary, done quickly, technically improperly, or without attention to or care for detail. It can also be shoddy, second-rate workmanship, with whatever available materials.[18] Nigger-rigging originated in the 1950s United States;[15] the term was euphemized as afro engineering in the 1970s[16][19] and later again as ghetto rigging. The terms have been used in the U.S. auto mechanic industry to describe quick makeshift repairs.[20] These phrases have largely fallen out of common usage due to their highly offensive nature.
  • The American expression redneck technology similarly refers to crude forms of technology, often hastily or poorly finished, but broadly functional.[21]
  • To MacGyver (or MacGyverize) something is to rig up something in a hurry using materials at hand, from the title character of the American television show of the same name, who specialized in such improvisation stunts.[22]
  • In New Zealand, having a Number 8 wire mentality means to have the ability to make or repair something using any materials at hand, such as standard farm fencing wire.[23]
  • In British slang, bodge and bodging refer to doing a job serviceably but inelegantly using whatever tools and materials are at hand; the term derives from bodging, for expedient woodturning using unseasoned, green wood (especially branches recently removed from a nearby tree).
  • The chiefly English term do-it-yourself (DIY) relatedly refers to creating, repairing, or modifying things without professional or expert assistance.
  • Similar concepts in other languages include: Script error: No such module "Lang". in Hindi and Script error: No such module "Lang". in Urdu, Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in Japanese, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Genoese dialect, Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in Chinese, Script error: No such module "Lang". in German, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Portuguese and Script error: No such module "Lang". in Brazilian Portuguese, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Haitian Creole, Script error: No such module "Lang". in French, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Swahili. Several equivalent terms in South Africa are Script error: No such module "Lang". in Afrikaans, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Zulu, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Sotho, and Script error: No such module "Lang". in Tswana.[24]

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:OEDsub
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ See, e.g.: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox".

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Jury_rigging&oldid=4958782"