Juniata Formation
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The Ordovician Juniata Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, and Maryland. It is a relative slope-former occurring between the two prominent ridge-forming sandstone units: the Tuscarora Formation and the Bald Eagle Formation in the Appalachian Mountains.
Description
The Juniata is defined as a grayish-red to greenish-gray, thin- to thick-bedded siltstone, shale, and very fine to medium-grained crossbedded sandstone or subgraywacke and protoquartzite with interbedded conglomerate.[1][2] The Juniata is a lateral equivalent of the Queenston Shale in western Pennsylvania.
Depositional environment
The depositional environment of the Juniata has always been interpreted as mostly terrestrial or shallow marine deposits resulting in a molasse sequence produced by the Taconic orogeny.
Fossils
Very few fossils exist in the Juniata Formation, but different types of trace fossils such as tracks and burrows can commonly be found.
Age
Relative age dating of the Juniata places it in the Upper Ordovician period, being deposited between 488.3 and 443.7 (±10) million years ago. It rests conformably atop the Bald Eagle Formation in Pennsylvania and the Martinsburg Formation in Maryland,[2] and conformably below the Tuscarora Formation.[3]
Economic use
The Juniata is a good source of road material, riprap and building stone.[4]
References
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- ↑ Berg, T.M., Edmunds, W.E., Geyer, A.R. and others, compilers, (1980). Geologic Map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Map 1, scale 1:250,000.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Berg, T.M., et al., (1983). Stratagraphic Correlation Chart of Pennsylvania: G75, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
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See also
Template:Chronostratigraphy of Virginia Template:Stratigraphic column of West Virginia
- Pages with script errors
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- Ordovician System of North America
- Upper Ordovician Series
- Sandstone formations of the United States
- Siltstone formations of the United States
- Shale formations of the United States
- Geologic formations of Maryland
- Geologic formations of Pennsylvania
- Geologic formations of Virginia
- Ordovician West Virginia
- Ordovician Maryland
- Ordovician geology of Pennsylvania
- Ordovician Tennessee
- Ordovician geology of Virginia
- Geologic formations of Tennessee
- Geologic formations of West Virginia