July 2018 lunar eclipse

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox lunar eclipse A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Friday, July 27, 2018,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.6100. It was a central lunar eclipse, in which part of the Moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 19 hours after apogee (on July 27, 2018, at 1:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

This was the first central lunar eclipse since June 15, 2011. It was also the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century, but not the longest in the 3rd millennium.[3] Totality lasted one hour and 42.955 minutes,[4][5][6][7] a period "just short of the theoretical limit of a lunar eclipse (one hour and 46.605 minutes)".[8] The Moon remained at least partially in Earth's shadow for three hours 54.55 minutes.[8] The longest total lunar eclipse of the 3rd millennium will occur on May 12, 2264, lasting 106 minutes and 13.2 seconds, which will be the longest total lunar eclipse since 2000, and the longest one until 3107.

The eclipse occurred when the Moon was near its maximum distance from Earth, which caused the Moon to appear smaller than normal (a phenomenon sometimes called a micromoon),[9][10] and to travel at its slowest speed in its orbit around Earth.[3]

This lunar eclipse coincided with Mars being nearly as close as possible to Earth, a concurrence that happens once every 25,000 years.[6]

Background

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the Earth's shadow begins to cover part of the Moon, typically turning it a dark red-brown color (the color can vary based on atmospheric conditions). The Moon appears to be reddish because of Rayleigh scattering (the same effect that causes sunsets to appear reddish and the daytime sky to appear blue) and the refraction of that light by Earth's atmosphere into its umbra.[11]

The Moon's brightness is exaggerated within the umbral shadow.[11] The southern portion of the Moon was closest to the center of the shadow, making it the darkest, and most red in appearance.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

File:Animation July 27 2018 lunar eclipse appearance.gif
Animation showing the approximate appearance of the Moon passing through Earth's shadow

Visibility

The eclipse was completely visible over east Africa, southern Africa, south and central Asia, seen rising over South America, west Africa, and Europe, and setting over east Asia and Australia.[12][13]

File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2018Jul27.png File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png
File:Visibility Lunar Eclipse 2018-07-27.png
Visibility map

Gallery

Eclipse details

Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular lunar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[14]

July 27, 2018 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.68050
Umbral Magnitude 1.60996
Gamma 0.11681
Sun Right Ascension 08h28m22.0s
Sun Declination +19°04'25.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'45.0"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 20h28m18.2s
Moon Declination -18°58'10.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'42.7"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°53'59.7"
ΔT 68.9 s

Eclipse season

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of July–August 2018
July 13
Ascending node (new moon)
 July 27
Descending node (full moon)
 August 11
Ascending node (new moon)
File:SE2018Jul13P.png File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2018Jul27.png File:SE2018Aug11P.png
Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 117		 Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 129		 Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 155

Related eclipses

File:Mars and Moon (41877108900).jpg
Wide angle view of the total lunar eclipse and Mars in Melbourne, Australia

Eclipses in 2018

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Lunar Saros 129

Inex

Triad

Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020

Template:Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020

Saros 129

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 129, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on June 10, 1351. It contains partial eclipses from September 26, 1531 through May 11, 1892; total eclipses from May 24, 1910 through September 8, 2090; and a second set of partial eclipses from September 20, 2108 through April 26, 2469. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on July 24, 2613.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 37 at 106 minutes, 24 seconds on July 16, 2000. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[15]

Greatest First
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2000jul16.png
The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 2000 Jul 16, lasting 106 minutes, 24 seconds.[16] 		Penumbral Partial Total Central
1351 Jun 10
 1531 Sep 26
 1910 May 24
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1910May24.png 		1946 Jun 14
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1946Jun14.png
Last
Central Total Partial Penumbral
2036 Aug 07
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2036Aug07.png 		2090 Sep 08
File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2090Sep08.png 		2469 Apr 26
 2613 Jul 24

Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

Tritos series

Template:Lunar Tritos series August 2007

Inex series

Template:Lunar Inex series July 2018

Half-Saros cycle

A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[17] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 136.

July 22, 2009 August 22, 2027
File:SE2009Jul22T.png File:SE2027Aug02T.png

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Listing of Eclipses of series 129
  17. ↑ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros

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External links

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