Julius Deutsch
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Julius Deutsch (February 2, 1884, Lackenbach, Austria-Hungary – January 17, 1968, Vienna, Austria) was a politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, member of Parliament between 1920 and 1933, and co-founder and leader of the Social Democrat militia Republikanischer Schutzbund ("Republican Defense Association").
Leader of the Schutzbund
Julius Deutsch founded the Schutzbund in 1923 as an answer to the paramilitary organization Heimwehr ("Home Guard"), which was ideologically related to the Christian Social Party. He remained its leader until its destruction in 1934.
Schutzbund members were primarily recruited out of the Deutschösterreichische Volkswehr ("German-Austrian People's Guard").[1] It had been organized by Deutsch himself as Under Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (November 1918 until March 1919) and as Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (March 1919 until October 1920).
After the defeat of the Republican Guard during the Austrian Civil War of 1934 and the following ban on the Social Democrats, he fled to the city of Brno in Czechoslovakia.
Emigration
From 1936 until 1939, Deutsch fought as a general of the Republican troops in the Spanish Civil War.
1939 he moved to Paris and worked for the foreign representation of the Austrian Socialists (AVOES). After the occupation of France by National Socialist Germany, Deutsch, who was of Jewish descent, had to emigrate again, this time to the United States of America. He returned to Austria in 1946. Deutsch was also the President of the Socialist Workers' Sport International.[2]
Deutsch was married three times: to Josefine Schall, the mother of Grethe/Gretl Deutsch, to Maria Herzmansky, mother of Hedwig (Hexi) Kramer, and to the novelist Adrienne Thomas.
After his death, a Vienna apartment complex Julius-Deutsch-Hof was named in his honor.
Julius Deutsch was also an uncle of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, a renowned German-American social and political scientist; the grandfather of Canadian economist Gerald Karl Helleiner;[3] and great-grandfather of Canadian political scientist Eric Helleiner.
Works
- Antifascism, Sports, Sobriety: Forging a Militant Working-Class Culture. Selected Writings. Edited and translated by Gabriel Kuhn. Oakland: PM Press, 2017.
- Antifascism. Proletarian ability to put up a fight in the battle against Fascism. Vienna, 1926.
- In Script error: No such module "Lang". (Reconstruction), New York City: New World Club:
- "Script error: No such module "Lang". ("Protest Against the 'National Austrian Committee'"), 3 April 1942, p. 5.
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("The New Austria"), 5 November 1943, p. 1.
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("The New Government in Austria"), 4 May 1945, p. 3.
- In Script error: No such module "Lang". (Forwards):
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("Travelling Impressions in America"), 20 January 1935, supplement, p. 1.
- In Script error: No such module "Lang". (Parisian Daily News):
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("From Defense to Offense"), 24 July 1937, p. 1.
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("Spain's Battle for Freedom: the Honor of Democracy"), 2 January 1938, p. 2.
- In Script error: No such module "Lang". (Socialist Observatory):
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("A Clear Answer"), 18 August 1939, p. 793.
References
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- ↑ Yidishe Bilder no. 13 (1937), cited in the Ghetto Fighters' House archives
- ↑ Wheeler, Robert F. Organized Sport and Organized Labour: The Workers' Sports Movement, in Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 13, No. 2, Special Issue: Workers' Culture (Apr., 1978), pp. 191-210
- ↑ Pratt, Cranford; Culpeper, Roy (2016). "Gerald K. Helleiner: a global citizen" in Global Development Fifty Years after Bretton Woods: Essays in Honour of Gerald K. Helleiner, ed. Albert Berry, Roy Culpeper, and Frances Stewart. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 9. Template:ISBN.
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External links
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- Julius Deutsch at the Third Workers' Olympiad, Antwerp, 1937Script error: No such module "Unsubst". (photo)
- Recordings with Julius Deutsch in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek (in German). Retrieved 29 July 2019
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- 1884 births
- 1968 deaths
- Austrian Civil War
- Austrian people of the Spanish Civil War
- Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
- Jewish Austrian politicians
- Jewish socialists
- Members of the Constituent National Assembly (Austria)
- Members of the 1st National Council (Austria)
- Members of the 2nd National Council (Austria)
- Members of the 3rd National Council (Austria)
- Members of the 4th National Council (Austria)
- Ministers of defense of Austria
- People from Oberpullendorf District
- Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians