Joseph Nicholson Barney

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Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Joseph Nicholson Barney (c. 1818 – June 16, 1899) was a career United States Navy officer (1835–1861) who served in the Confederate States Navy in the American Civil War (1861–1865).

Personal life and family

Barney was born in Baltimore in about 1818, the son of U.S. Congressman John Barney and Elizabeth Nicholson Hindman and the grandson of United States Navy Commodore Joshua Barney.[1] He married Eliza Jacobs Rogers on June 9, 1846, in New Castle County, Delaware, with whom he had one daughter before her death in 1848.[2][3] He married a second time in 1858 to Anne (Nannie) Seddon Dornin, daughter of Thomas Aloysius Dornin, with whom he had eight children. He died at his home in Fredericksburg, Virginia, aged 81, on June 16, 1899,[1] after a month-long illness.[2][4][5] His second wife died on October 11, 1913.[6]

His grandson Thomas Holcomb was Commandant of the United States Marine Corps (1936–1943) and first Marine to achieve the rank of general.[7]

United States Navy

He entered a naval academy in 1832[1]Template:Efn and received a warrant in the United States Navy as a midshipman in 1835,[8]Template:Efn was promoted to passed midshipman in 1841, the first of 22 passed by the board of examination.[9]Template:Efn By 1843, he was acting master of the USS Vincennes.[10] He was promoted to lieutenant in 1847.[11]

His postings included the USS Potomac,[12] USS Columbia,[13][14] USS Vincennes,[10][15] USS Cyane,[16] the Norfolk Naval Shipyard,[17] and USS Susquehanna. In 1861, at the beginning of the American Civil War, he held the position of first lieutenant on the USS Susquehanna in the Mediterranean Sea.[1] Upon returning to the United States on June 6, he resigned his commission the same day.[18][19]

Confederate States Navy

Barney was appointed a lieutenant in the Confederate States Navy on July 2, 1861.[20][21] He commanded the CSS Jamestown during the Battle of Hampton Roads, the famous battle with the Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., during which he captured two brigs and an Accomac schooner off Newport News Point while the CSS Virginia held the Union Navy's attention.[22][23] After the Confederate evacuation of Norfolk, the Jamestown was scuttled to block the James River at Drewry's Bluff. In the subsequent Battle of Drewry's Bluff, in which Confederate shore batteries drove off a Union Navy force heading towards Richmond, the Jamestown's guns were considered the main factor in repulsing the enemy ships.[4] Following the battle, he received praise from the Confederate Congress and was promoted to commander.[24]

In early 1863, Barney was briefly assigned command of naval operations in Galveston, including the revenue cutter Harriet Lane, captured in the Battle of Galveston. However the ship was already under command of Leon Smith,Template:Efn an army volunteer and steamboat captain, who had played a role in capturing the ship, having been placed in command of the ship by Major General John B. Magruder and in control of additional ships improvised as a "cottonclad fleet". The ship was also considered by the navy to be too slow and inefficient to become a blockade runner, though it was later used in this capacity. Following discussions with Magruder, who was not willing to relinquish controls of the cottonclads, Barney conceded the appointment, and in a letter to Confederate Naval Secretary Stephen Mallory, recommended that the navy relinquish control. Barney later explained that he made his recommendation since he considered that the presence of two separate marine forces with independent commanders would lead to discord and confusion.[25][26][27]

Barney was sent to Europe in spring 1863. He assumed command of the Confederate raider CSS Florida in September 1863, relieving the ailing John Newland Maffitt, and oversaw her refit at Brest, France, but had to be detached due to ill health before the Florida put to sea.[28][29] From 1864 to 1865, he was a Confederate naval agent in Europe.[30][31][32]

He returned to the United States following the war, and took the Oath of Allegiance to the U.S. Constitution in September 1865.[33]

Later life

After the Civil War ended, Barney retired to Powhatan County, Virginia, before moving to Fredericksburg in 1874. Barney was active in the insurance business there until retiring in 1895. He was also an elder in the Presbyterian Church.[1]

Barney and his wife were active in activities promoting the memory of the Confederacy. His wife played a role in fundraising for a Confederate memorial in Fredericksburg as secretary of the city's Ladies' Memorial Association,[34] which funded the monument. Joseph and Bradley T. Johnson led the unveiling ceremony of the monument in 1891.[35]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Genealogy of the Barney family in America, Eugene Dimon Preston, 1990, page 902
  3. ↑ Naval Officers Their Heredity and Development, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Charles Benedict Davenport and Mary Theresa Scudder, 1919, page 39
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:Open access
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:Open access
  7. ↑ Monocle, Volume 17, Number 9, 2 March 1944
  8. ↑ The Naval Magazine, Volume 2, Issue 3, 1837, page 74
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ The Naval Magazine, Volume 1, 1836, page 23
  13. ↑ Army and Navy Chronicle, Volume 6, 320
  14. ↑ Niles' Weekly Register, Volume 58, 244, June 20, 1840
  15. ↑ San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists Vol. II [1850–1851], Volume 2, Louis J. Rasmussen, 185
  16. ↑ Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy, 1856
  17. ↑ Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy, page 107, 1855
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  21. ↑ Joined the Confederates, July 19, 1861. Richmond Dispatch
  22. ↑ The Battle of the Ironclads, John V. Quarstein, page 104
  23. ↑ The CSS Virginia: Sink Before Surrender, John V. Quarstein
  24. ↑ Capital Navy: The Men, Ships and Operations of the James River Squadron, John M. Coski, page 41
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Day, James M. (1965) "Leon Smith: Confederate Mariner," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 3: Iss. 1, Article 7., page 40
  27. ↑ Civil War High Commands, John Eicher & David Eicher, page 893
  28. ↑ High Seas Confederate: The Life and Times of John Newland Maffitt, Royce Shingleton, pages 57, 85, 102
  29. ↑ The Confederate Soldier in the Civil War, 1861–1865, Benjamin La Bree, 1897, page 434
  30. ↑ The Confederate Navy in Europe, Warren F. Spencer, 1997, Template:ISBN, pages 167–168
  31. ↑ British Ships in the Confederate Navy, Joseph McKenna, pages 27 44
  32. ↑ The Naval History of the Civil War, David Dixon Porter, 1886, page 814
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:Open access
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:Open access

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