John Quincy Adams II

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John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American politician who represented Quincy in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867, 1868 to 1869, 1871 to 1872, and from 1874 to 1875.

Adams served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War under Governor John Albion Andrew of Massachusetts. Later in life, he left the Republican Party in 1867 for the Democratic Party.

Early life

File:Coat of Arms of John Adams.svg
Coat of Arms of John Adams, the second U.S. president

John Quincy Adams II was born on September 22, 1833, in Boston, Massachusetts, the second of seven children born to Charles Francis Adams Sr.[1] and Abigail Brown Brooks.[2][3][4]

He was a grandson of the sixth United States president, John Quincy Adams (his namesake), and a great-grandson of the second president, John Adams. His maternal grandfather was shipping magnate Peter Chardon Brooks (1767–1849).[5]

He graduated from Harvard University in 1853, studied law, and two years later was admitted to the Suffolk County bar,[6] and practiced in Boston. He followed his profession for a short time, then, becoming interested in agriculture, he established an experimental model farm of five hundred acres near Quincy, Massachusetts.[6]

Career

During the Civil War he served as an aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor John Albion Andrew, first as a lieutenant colonel, and later as a colonel.[7] During the war his duties included visiting Massachusetts units in the field and providing the governor status reports on their condition. In 1862, he made inspection visits to several Massachusetts units operating in North Carolina.[8]

Adams served in several local offices in Quincy, including town meeting moderator, school board chairman and judge of the local court. He was elected to the Massachusetts state legislature[6] as a Republican, but soon switched to the Democratic Party because of his dissatisfaction with Republican Reconstruction policies.[9] In addition to serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1865, 1867, 1870 and 1873, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts[6] in every year from 1867 to 1871. (Governors served one year terms until 1918.)

Adams received one vote for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States at the 1868 Democratic National Convention.[10] In 1872, the faction of Democrats that refused to support Horace Greeley, the fusion candidate of Democrats and the Liberal Republican Party, nominated Charles O'Conor for president and Adams for vice president on the "Straight-Out Democratic" ticket.[6] They declined, but their names remained on the ballot in some states.[11][12][13]

In 1873, he was the unsuccessful nominee for lieutenant governor.[14] After losing an election for lieutenant governor in 1876, Adams refused most further involvement in politics, though he was considered by Grover Cleveland for a cabinet position in 1893.[15] In 1877, he was made a member of the Harvard Corporation.[16]

Personal life

File:Fanny Crowninshield by Samuel Worcester Rowse.jpg
A portrait of Fanny Crowninshield by Samuel Worcester Rowse.
File:John Quincy Adams II.jpg
Illustration accompanying Adams's biography in 1913's Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States, Volume 1

In 1861, Adams married Frances "Fanny" Cadwalader Crowninshield (1839–1911),[17] daughter of George Crowninshield (1812–1857) and Harriet Sears Crowninshield (1809–1873) of the politically powerful Crowninshield family. Fanny was the granddaughter of former United States Secretary of the Navy under presidents Madison and Monroe, Benjamin Williams Crowninshield.[18][19] Their children were:

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  • John Quincy Adams III. (1862–1876), who died young.
  • George Caspar Adams (1863–1900), who was the head coach of the Harvard University football program.[20]
  • Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954), who served as Secretary of the Navy, and who married Frances Lovering.[21]
  • Frances "Fanny" C. Adams (1873–1876), who died in childhood.
  • Arthur Charles Adams (1877–1943), who served as vice president of the Adams Trust Company, the Colony Trust and the New England Trust Company.[22]
  • Abigail "Hitty" Adams (1879–1974),[23] who married Robert Homans in 1907.[24]

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Adams died at age 60 in Wollaston, Massachusetts on August 14, 1894.[6] He was buried at Mount Wollaston Cemetery in Quincy.[25] His widow died in 1911, and left an estate worth $1,200,000 to their three surviving children.[26]

Descendants

Through his daughter, Abigail, he was the grandfather of George Casper Homans (1910–1989), a sociologist and the founder of behavioral sociology and the Social Exchange Theory.[27][28]

Family tree

Template:Adams family tree

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ John Quincy Adams: A Life. Harlow G. Unger, p. 270-271.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  7. ↑ The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: To Rouse the Slumbering Land, 1868-1979, by William Lloyd Garrison, 1981, page 218
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Newspaper article, Massachusetts Politics: John Quincy Adams Accepts the Democratic Nomination for Governor, New York Times, October 10, 1867
  10. ↑ CNN web page, All The Votes...Really, a list of individuals who received convention votes for president or vice president prior to 1996
  11. ↑ Newspaper article, John Quincy Adams; His Acceptance of the Louisville Nomination -- Why Democrats Cannot Support Greeley and Preserve Their Self-Respect, New York Times, September 13, 1872
  12. ↑ Editor's Historical Record, Harper's New Monthly magazine, November, 1872
  13. ↑ Newspaper editorial, The Presidential Election, Lewiston (Maine), Evening Journal, October 28, 1872
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Newspaper article, Cabinet Possibilities: John Quincy Adams and Isidor Straus Talked Of, New York Times, February 7, 1893
  16. ↑ Template:Cite Americana
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Browning, Charles Henry. Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is traced to the Legitimate Issue of Kings. Philadelphia: Porter & Costes, 1891, ed. 2, pp. 68 – 69.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Attribution

External links

Party political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts
1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

Template:John Quincy Adams Template:John Adams

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