John 10

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:New Testament chapter short description Template:Bible chapter John 10 is the tenth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author of the book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that John composed this Gospel.[1] This chapter records Jesus' description of himself as the "door of the sheep" and the "Good Shepherd", and contains the only mention of Hanukkah, "the Feast of Dedication", in the New Testament.[2]

Text

File:Papyrus 6 (John 10,1-10).jpg
John 10:1-10 in Papyrus 6, written c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". AD 350

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 42 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Old Testament references

  • Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".[4]
  • Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".[4]
  • Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: Psalm Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".[5][4]

Places

Events recorded in this chapter refer to the following locations:

The true shepherd illustration

In verses Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., Jesus uses a parable,[6] illustration[7] or "figure of speech"[8] regarding the manner in which a true shepherd enters his sheepfold, through the door or the gate, unlike the manner of a thief or a stranger. H. W. Watkins notes that "the word rendered 'parable' (in verse 6) is the wider word (Template:Langx, paroimia) which includes every kind of figurative and proverbial teaching, every kind of speech ... which departs from the usual course (Template:Langx, oimos)". The word παραβολα (parabola) is not used in John's Gospel.[9]

Jesus begins:

Very truly I tell you Pharisees, anyone who does not enter the sheep pen by the gate, but climbs in by some other way, is a thief and a robber.[10]

The Pharisees are not mentioned in the Greek text (λεγω υμιν,[11] legō humin, "I speak to you") but they are mentioned in the New International Version (NIV) in continuity with John 9:40, where "some Pharisees" had spoken with Jesus. The NIV and the Jerusalem Bible also confirm in verse 6 that the Pharisees are the group Jesus is addressing.[12][13] German Protestant theologian Heinrich Meyer argues that these verses continue from chapter 9 "without the slightest indication of a change having taken place", and that ideally the chapter break would have been inserted at John 9:35.[14] Henry Alford likewise connects this pericope with John 9:35-41.[15]

In this illustration, the true shepherd "enters the sheepfold by the door" and "calls his own sheep by name and leads them out (Template:Langx)" (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".). The alternative way in, taken by the thief or stranger, is to "climb up some other way", i.e. to climb over the wall of the sheepfold.[16] The narrative is introduced "very truly" or "most assuredly".[17] Jesus' audience ("they", verse 6) did not understand what he was saying, and did not understand that he was applying the reference to thieves and robbers (verse 1) to themselves.[13]

In its reference to the shepherd leading the flock out of the sheepfold, verse 3 has the only occurrence in the New Testament of the word ἐξάγει (exagei) ,[18] The Ethiopic version adds "and loves them" to verse 3.[19]

The door of the sheep and the good shepherd

In verse 7, Jesus "feels compelled" to start again (πάλιν, palin).[14] He describes himself here and in verse 9 as "the door of the sheep",[20] and in Template:Bibleref2-nb and Template:Bibleref2-nb as "the good shepherd". The word in Template:Langx is translated as "door" in the King James Version and the American Standard Version, but as "gate" in the New Revised Standard Version, the Common English Bible and other translations.[21] In verse 7, the Textus Receptus adds that Jesus said to them (Template:Langx) but this addition is generally agreed to be "of doubtful authority".[22]

Verse 21

Others said, "These are not the words of one who has a demon. Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?"[23]

This verse further reiterates the continuity between this chapter and the dialogue following the healing of the man born blind in John 9.[14]

The Feast of Dedication

Verse 22 refers to Hanukkah:

Now it was the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem, and it was winter.[24]

The feast (Template:Langx, ta egkainia) recalls the Maccabean purification and re-dedication of the Temple, Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".. The narrative moves forward from the Feast of Tabernacles, when the events and teaching from Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". to Template:Bibleref2-nb appear to take place.[25] During the intervening two months, there is no account of whether Jesus remained in Jerusalem or not. In Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". we read that Jesus "went away again beyond the Jordan". Meyer identifies a number of commentators who have suggested that there was an additional "journey to Galilee or Peraea" before the feast of dedication, although he himself considers that these suggestions are "dictated by harmonistic presuppositions and clumsy combinations, ... and not by the requirements of exegesis".[14]

Jesus walked in the temple, in Solomon’s porch or colonnade,[26] a gathering place used by the early church (see Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". and Template:Bibleref2-nb) located on the eastern side of the temple.[27]

The believers beyond the Jordan

The chapter ends with Jesus evading Jewish attempts to stone him (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".) and then leaving Jerusalem (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".) and traveling "beyond the Jordan to the place where John was baptizing at first" (Perea). Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". and Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". similarly record that Jesus traveled "to the region of Judea by the other side of the Jordan", but in the synoptic tradition He had previously been in Capernaum rather than Jerusalem. Perea was a region where many people "came to the decision that He was the Messiah" (Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". in the Living Bible translation).

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  2. ↑ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ John 10:6, King James Version and Authorised Version
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., New King James Version and God's Word Translation
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse"., English Standard Version
  9. ↑ Watkins, H. W. (1905), Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers on John 10, accessed 17 May 2016
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: New International Version
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: Westcott-Hort New Testament
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: NIV
  13. ↑ a b Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote b at John 10:6
  14. ↑ a b c d Meyer, H. A. W. (1880), Meyer's NT Commentary on John 10, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 25 May 2019
  15. ↑ Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on John 10, accessed 12 August 2022
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: Amplified Bible
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: NKJV
  18. ↑ Englishman's Concordance, accessed 18 May 2016
  19. ↑ Gill, J., Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on John 10, accessed 18 May 2016
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: NKJV
  21. ↑ Translations accessed at BibleGateway.com
  22. ↑ Plummer, A., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on John 10, cf. Watkins, H. W., Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers on John 10, both accessed 24 May 2016
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: NKJV
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: NKJV
  25. ↑ Benson, J., Benson's Commentary on John 10, accessed 25 May 2019
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: NKJV
  27. ↑ Plummer, A., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on John 10, accessed 15 August 2022. Note Plummer's reference to John 5:12 is errorneous

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

  • Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". King James Bible - Wikisource
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Preceded by
John 9 		Chapters of the Bible
Gospel of John 		Succeeded by
John 11

Template:Gospel of John

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=John_10&oldid=2742464"