Jean Laborie

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use American English Template:Template otherTemplate:Wikidata imageTemplate:Compare Jean Joseph Emile Laborie (16 November 1919 – 25 June 1996) was a French bishop of an independent Catholic church, the Latin Old Catholic Church in Toulouse. His early life is largely unknown, but he had little involvement in religion. The date of his ordination is controversial; a traditionalist, he rejected the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, and became active in religious activities outside of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a schismatic bishop not recognized by Catholic authorities, despite his attempts.

Catholic authorities warned to the press that he was unrecognized by the Vatican. Laborie was part of the Thuc line of independent bishops, with Thuc having consecrated him in 1977. He was sometimes controversial, with his movement having some fund scandals. Notoriously, he ordained Luc Jouret to the priesthood; Jouret was the leader of the Order of the Solar Temple who would later go on to orchestrate mass murder and suicide in the 1990s.

Early life

Jean Joseph Emile Laborie was born 16 November 1919 in the Aude department of France.Template:Sfn By his own account he spent his early life doing menial laboring jobs with no involvement in religion.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Most of his early life is unknown.Template:Sfn The date of his ordaination as a priest is controversial;Template:Sfn some sources say he was first ordained before World War II. Some claim he was ordained by Irénée Poncelin d'Eschevannes (Patriarch of Galicia) on 30 October 1965, while a leaflet gives the date as 13 May 1965 (probably a symbolic date, as it was the date of several miracle visions).Template:Sfn

Following the Second Vatican Council, Laborie, a traditionalist, was disturbed; he rejected modernization efforts, including the conduction of mass in languages other than Latin.Template:Sfn In his forties he quickly discovered a vocation for religious life outside of the official Roman Catholic Church.Template:Sfn

Religious activities

He was consecrated as an independent bishop 2 October 1966 by Template:Interlanguage link, a bishop of the Celtic Orthodox Church. He was re-consecrated conditionally by Louis Jean Stanislaus Canivet on 26 August 1968.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn On 2 October 1966, he proclaimed himself bishop of Narbonne and Lavaur; his movement was called the "Old Catholic Church, French Branch" (Template:Langx).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Laborie, as well as Yves Lavigne – another figure often associated with him, who had become a bishop at the same time in 1968 from Canivet – operated Catholic services as they were done prior to the Second Vatican Council.Template:Sfn Several notices were published in local newspapers and diocese bulletins, written by archbishop of Toulouse and the bishop of Montauban, warning that Laborie's movement was not a Catholic one as it was not in communion with the Pope.Template:Sfn

Laborie's movement gained strong influence in Toulouse, due to its strong traditionalist leanings. They welcomed the homeless and elderly, but also had a community of younger spiritualists.Template:Sfn They had a chapel in Toulouse and a property in Portet-sur-Garonne; they had another location in Saint-Paul-d'Espis, after Laborie noticed the large number of people making pilgrimage there.Template:Sfn The movement joined the Ecumenical League for Christian Unity (Template:Langx), which aimed to unify schismatic Catholic Churches.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1973, the movement was then the Latin Catholic Ecclesial Community Template:Langx), renamed to the Latin-Traditional Catholic Community (Template:Langx) by 1993, or the Latin Catholic Church (Template:Langx).Template:Sfn The movement grew, and the Espis location was enlarged in 1979. Another church was created in 1983, Sainte-Rita in Le Mirail, where Laborie preached from.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Laborie was known for his performance of alleged miracles and healing.Template:Sfn

He tried to have his movement recognized by the Holy See, but was consistently rejected.Template:Sfn He was a somewhat schismatic figure, not in communication with either Rome or the conference of French bishops.Template:Sfn In 1974, he declared that Rome was considering admitting his movement; he was re-consecrated conditionally a second time on 8 February 1977 by Traditionalist Catholic Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngo Dinh Thuc. Thuc had already consecrated several other controversial figures, and was then excommunicated from the Catholic Church. Thuc's consecration of Laborie was not made public until the 1980s.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith declared in 1987 that this changed nothing and they would not recognize him.Template:Sfn Another church was built, which was inaugurated on 22 May 1983.Template:Sfn In 1974, he ordained Jean Marie Kozik, the founder of the Fraternité Notre-Dame, a traditionalist Catholic order, and his colleague Michael Fernandez; this ordination was rejected later on due to his association with some liberal Catholic elements, so they sought other ordinations later on.Template:Sfn

Laborie was contacted by Luc Jouret, asking him to be ordained as a priest. Laborie, appreciative of someone willing to follow in his footsteps, which was rare, agreed to this quickly.Template:Sfn To make the ceremony more original, Jouret suggested they hold it in an actual chapel, which Laborie appreciated. Laborie still had some concerns, to which Jouret blatantly lied and suggest his motivation to become a priest was a desire to evangelize, and after becoming one he would move to Africa to preach the word of Laborie's church; his actual motive was to obtain more power over his group, gaining his own movement prestige.Template:Sfn The ordination was done in the Château d'Auty in January 1984.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn He also ordained Thierry Huguenin, another member alongside Jouret, and two other members.Template:Sfn Following this Jouret invited him to lunch in the château.Template:Sfn

This was controversial following Jouret's orchestrations of the Solar Temple cult mass suicides in 1994.Template:Sfn When it was revealed that Laborie had ordained Jouret, this action was harshly criticized by the other members of his church; Laborie argued that Jouret, along with the three other men he had ordained, had true faith and seemed very sympathetic.Template:Sfn In February 1996, as a result of this and his age, he gave up ordination completely.Template:Sfn Further, in his career Laborie had several rumors of improper fund usage as well as bad business dealings.Template:Sfn In 1996, the movement had some 1,500 members. He had also been accused of both hypertraditionalist values and Satanism.Template:Sfn

Death and legacy

Laborie died 25 June 1996.Template:Sfn Scholar Bernard Vignot described him as an "affable man", whose reputation was spread far beyond his region due to his service to others, especially "unfortunate people", though noted the bad aspects of his legacy such as the money scandals and the ordination of Jouret.Template:Sfn Vignot wrote that Laborie was, though a marginal figure, representative of the kind of Christian troubled by the Vatican reforms and attempting to maintain more traditional practice. According to Vignot, Laborie had "succeeded by unorthodox means in imposing himself on the religious market", and said he had was known for his charisma and status as a miracle worker.Template:Sfn