Jakob Norz

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use American English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Jakob Norz (20 October 1920 – 16 September 1944) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. Norz is listed with 117 aerial victories—that is, 117 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—becoming an "ace-in-a-day" on seven separate occasions.Template:Sfn All his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces in 332 combat missions. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Norz was killed on 16 September 1944 in a forced landing following combat with a large formation of Soviet aircraft attacking Kirkenes.

Career

Norz was born on 20 October 1920 in Saulgrub in Free State of Bavaria within the Weimar Republic. Holding the rank of Unteroffizier (non-commissioned officer) he served with the I. Gruppe (1st group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing) since late 1941.[Note 1] With this unit he flew night fighter missions against England and convoy escort missions over the Mediterranean Sea. He was briefly transferred as a day time fighter pilot to Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) operating on the Eastern Front in early 1942. Shortly afterwards, he was posted to the 11. Staffel (11th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing) which was located in Norway.Template:Sfn On 21 March, the squadron was re-designated 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 (JG 5—5th Fighter Wing).Template:Sfn On 20 April, 8. Staffel moved to an airfield at Petsamo, present-day Pechenga in Murmansk Oblast, Russia on the Eismeerfront (Ice Sea Front)—the area of operations nearest the Arctic Ocean.Template:Sfn

War on the Arctic Front

Operating in this northern theatre of operations, Norz claimed his first five aerial victories by the end of 1942. He was presented with the Iron Cross 1st Class (Script error: No such module "Lang".) by Generaloberst Hans-Jürgen Stumpff on account of his II. and III. Gruppe visit at Pechenga on 19 June.Template:Sfn

File:Petsamo.png
Area of operations.

Following victorious combat with two Ilyushin Il-2 "Shturmovik" southwest Eyna Guba on 5 March 1943 he made a forced landing of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 13108—factory number) on a frozen lake in no man's land.Template:Sfn He returned to a German held position after an eight-hour walk in high snow. Norz claimed his 17th and 18th aerial victory on 4 June 1943.

JG 5 flew multiple missions from Pechenga and Kirkenes in protection of a German convoy on 14 September. At 17:03, a Rotte of Bf 109 G-2s sighted and reported an enemy formation consisting of Douglas A-20 Havoc, also known as Boston bombers, Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft, as well as Bell P-39 Airacobra and Hawker Hurricane fighters. At 18:15, 9. Staffel was scrambled at Pechenga and 5. Staffel at Svartnes. A bit later further Bf 109s from 4., 7. and 5. Staffel took off. The Germans intercepted the Soviet formation east of Ekkerøy over the Varangerfjord. In this aerial engagement, Norz claimed the destruction of Hurricane fighter.Template:Sfn

On 25 November, following ten days of relative quiet, the Soviet Air Forces conducted a coordinated attack on Titovka, and the airfields Høybuktmoen at Kirkenes and Luostari near Pechenga. Titovka is attacked by sixteen Il-2s and six Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, escorted by six Yakovlev Yak-1 and four Yakovlev Yak-9. Høybuktmoen was hit by twelve Petlyakov Pe-2 escorted by twelve Bell P-39 Airacobra and six Yak-9.Template:Sfn The Luostari airfield was struck by sixteen Il-2 and six P-40, protected by fourteen Yak-1 and six Hurricanes.Template:Sfn That day, Norz claimed two Il-2 ground attack aircraft, taking his total to 45 aerial victories.Template:Sfn

On 17 March 1944, Norz became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time, claiming five Soviet fighters shot down. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Script error: No such module "Lang".) on 26 March 1944 following his 74th aerial victory. During aerial combat on 4 July, he claimed five Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters shot down, taking his total to 91.Template:Sfn On 17 July, he became the 82nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Template:Sfn As part of the group expansion from three Staffeln per Gruppe to four Staffeln per Gruppe, Norz's 8. Staffel was re-designated and became the 11. Staffel of JG 5 on 15 August.Template:Sfn Norz claimed four Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers and a Bell P-39 Airacobra destroyed on 23 August, taking his total to 116 aerial victories.Template:Sfn

Walter Schuck, a wartime friend of Jakob Norz, witnessed Norz's final flight on 16 September 1944. According to Schuck, Norz attacked and shot down a Douglas Boston but was hit in the engine by the defensive fire from the Boston.Template:Refn Norz reported that his cabin was filling with smoke. Schuck urged Norz to bale out but Norz decided to fly back to base to avoid capture by the Russians. Schuck broke off further combat and escorted Norz back to base. Norz, intoxicated by the smoke, reported that his elevator seized and that he could not trim the aircraft. Already too low for bailing out, Norz attempted a crash landing in the tundra. The Bf 109 G-6 "yellow 8" (Werknummer 412 199—factory number) struck a rock and disintegrated, killing Norz.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn He was buried with military honors at the German war cemetery at Pechenga.Template:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Norz was credited with 117 aerial victories.Template:Sfn Obermaier and Spick also list Norz with 117 aerial victories claimed in 332 combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 104 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Template:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 36 Ost 3079". The Luftwaffe grid map (Script error: No such module "Lang".) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Script error: No such module "convert".. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Script error: No such module "convert". in size.Template:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Norz an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
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  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Norz did not receive credit.
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  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mombeek, Mathews, and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –Template:Sfn
Eastern Front and northern Norway, and Finland — 10 January – 31 December 1942
1 15 May 1942 18:30 Hurricane south of Ura-GubaTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 4 5 September 1942 08:38 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 36 Ost 3079Template:Sfn
2 10 August 1942 18:48 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 20854Template:Sfn 5?Template:Refn 29 October 1942
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		unknownTemplate:Sfn
3 2 September 1942 11:18 I-61 (MiG-3)Template:Sfn PQ 36 Ost 3912Template:Sfn
vicinity of the Kola railroad
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –Template:Sfn
Eastern Front and northern Norway, and Finland — 1 January – 31 December 1943
6?[Note 2] 24 January 1943
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		LaGG-3Template:Sfn 26 4 July 1943 22:02 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 11739Template:Sfn
7?[Note 2] 5 February 1943
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		LaGG-3Template:Sfn 27 4 July 1943 22:05 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 1179Template:Sfn
?Template:Refn 28 February 1943 16:03 P-40Template:Sfn 28 12 July 1943 01:00 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 11346Template:Sfn
?[Note 3] 28 February 1943 16:06 Pe-2Template:Sfn 29 16 July 1943 00:55 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 10668Template:Sfn
8 1 March 1943 07:17?Template:Refn Il-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 1067Template:Sfn
vicinity of Pechenga 		30 16 July 1943 01:05 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 10283Template:Sfn
9 5 March 1943 08:12 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 1069Template:Sfn 31 20 August 1943 11:30 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 27 Ost RH 96, vicinity of AltaTemplate:Sfn
10 5 March 1943 12:05 Il-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 1066Template:Sfn 32 23 August 1943 04:56 HampdenTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SE 66Template:Sfn
11 27 March 1943 14:30?Template:Refn P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 3079Template:Sfn 33 23 August 1943 04:58 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SE 63Template:Sfn
12 30 March 1943 10:45 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 36 Ost 3911Template:Sfn 34 6 September 1943 19:04 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost OB 7Template:Sfn
13 22 May 1943 19:45 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 2033Template:Sfn 35 6 September 1943 19:05 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost OB 8Template:Sfn
14 22 May 1943 21:40 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 2019Template:Sfn 36 6 September 1943 19:07 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost OC 6Template:Sfn
15 1 June 1943 03:46 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 2036Template:Sfn 37 14 September 1943 18:45 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RC 4Template:Sfn
16 1 June 1943 03:49 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 2049Template:Sfn 38 20 September 1943 16:05 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost UH 71Template:Sfn
17 5 June 1943 04:02 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 2044Template:Sfn 39 23 September 1943 12:50 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost UGTemplate:Sfn
18 5 June 1943 05:48 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 3051Template:Sfn 40 23 September 1943 12:53 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost AGTemplate:Sfn
19 19 June 1943 16:27 HurricaneTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 20421Template:Sfn 41 23 September 1943 12:55 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost AGTemplate:Sfn
20 27 June 1943 12:02 Hurricane PQ 37 Ost 10299Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". east of PummankiTemplate:Sfn 		42 24 September 1943 08:50 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost UGTemplate:Sfn
21 27 June 1943 12:04 Hurricane PQ 37 Ost 20177Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of PummankiTemplate:Sfn 		43?[Note 2] 24 September 1943 08:55 P-39 PQ 37 Ost UGTemplate:Sfn
22 29 June 1943 14:12 Pe-2 PQ 37 Ost 11623Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of VardøTemplate:Sfn 		44 24 September 1943 09:00 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 36 Ost AGTemplate:Sfn
23 29 June 1943 14:13 Pe-2 PQ 37 Ost 11489Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of VardøTemplate:Sfn 		45?[Note 2] 24 September 1943 09:20 Hurricane PQ 36 Ost AGTemplate:Sfn
24 29 June 1943 14:16 P-40 PQ 37 Ost 11495Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of VardøTemplate:Sfn 		46?[Note 2] 9 October 1943
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Yak-7 MurmanskTemplate:Sfn
25 4 July 1943 22:01 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost 11812Template:Sfn
According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Norz claimed seven undocumented aerial victories in October to November 1943.Template:Sfn These seven claims are neither listed by Mombeek nor by Mathews and Foreman.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
54 6 November 1943 12:17 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RF 74, Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of SubowkaTemplate:Sfn 56 25 November 1943 11:55 Il-2 PQ 37 Ost UE 83, Script error: No such module "convert". east of Pechenga airfieldTemplate:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Pechenga airfieldTemplate:Sfn
55 25 November 1943 11:52 Il-2 PQ 37 Ost TC 43, Script error: No such module "convert". east of Pechenga airfieldTemplate:Sfn
Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Pechenga airfieldTemplate:Sfn
– 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –Template:Sfn
Eastern Front and northern Norway, and Finland — 1 January – July 1944
57 21 February 1944 14:21 P-39 west of MurmashiTemplate:Sfn
west of MurmanskTemplate:Sfn 		82♠ 28 June 1944 00:05 P-39 northeast of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
58 21 February 1944 14:24 P-39 west of MurmashiTemplate:Sfn
vicinity of MurmanskTemplate:Sfn 		83♠ 28 June 1944 00:13 P-39 north of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
59?[Note 2] 24 February 1944 09:40 P-39 Lake TugTemplate:Sfn 84♠ 28 June 1944 00:20 P-39 northeast of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
60 29 February 1944 13:30 Yak-7 northwest of MurmanskTemplate:Sfn
southwest of MurmanskTemplate:Sfn 		85♠ 28 June 1944 03:50 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SC-2/3Template:Sfn
61 29 February 1944 13:36 Yak-7 northwest of MurmanskTemplate:Sfn 86♠ 28 June 1944 03:58 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RC-8/3Template:Sfn
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Refn 		5 March 1944 13:35 Il-2 southwest of MurmanskTemplate:Sfn 87♠ 4 July 1944 18:59 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RA-4/6Template:Sfn
62 5 March 1944 13:36 Il-2Template:Sfn north of EkkerøyTemplate:Sfn 88♠ 4 July 1944 19:09 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RB-7/1, north of TaarnetTemplate:Sfn
63 13 March 1944 13:37 Yak-7Template:Sfn southeast of Vayda-GubaTemplate:Sfn 89♠ 4 July 1944 19:15 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SA-5/5Template:Sfn
64?[Note 2] 13 March 1944 13:39 Yak-7 west of Rybachy PeninsulaTemplate:Sfn 90♠ 4 July 1944 19:26 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SB-1/9Template:Sfn
65 13 March 1944 13:41 Yak-9Template:Sfn southeast of PummankiTemplate:Sfn 91♠ 4 July 1944 19:30 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SB-1/2, east-northeast of KirkenesTemplate:Sfn
66♠ 17 March 1944 11:10 Il-2 north of HamningbergTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 92 9 July 1944 20:50 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost QC-1/2Template:Sfn
67♠ 17 March 1944 11:11 P-39 northeast of HamningbergTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 93 9 July 1944 20:51 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost QC-1/4Template:Sfn
68♠ 17 March 1944 11:13 P-39 southeast of HamningbergTemplate:Sfn
northeast of HamningbergTemplate:Sfn 		94 9 July 1944 20:53 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost QC-5/1Template:Sfn
69♠ 17 March 1944 15:39 P-39Template:Sfn northeast of PechengaTemplate:Sfn 95 9 July 1944 20:57 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost QD-4/7Template:Sfn
70♠ 17 March 1944 15:40 P-39 northeast of PechengaTemplate:Sfn
north of PechengaTemplate:Sfn 		96♠ 17 July 1944 18:30 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SB-5/2Template:Sfn
71 2 April 1944 04:49 Yak-7Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RD-9/6Template:Sfn 97♠ 17 July 1944 18:33 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SB-1/5Template:Sfn
72 2 April 1944 04:51 Yak-7Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RD-9/6Template:Sfn 98♠ 17 July 1944 19:01 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SB-1/9Template:Sfn
73 2 April 1944 04:53 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RD-8/3Template:Sfn 99♠ 17 July 1944 19:03 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SB-3/1Template:Sfn
74 7 April 1944 10:31 Yak-9Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SG-8/7Template:Sfn 100♠ 17 July 1944 19:12 Boston vicinity of KirkenesTemplate:Sfn
75♠ 27 June 1944 16:46 Boston north of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 101 21 July 1944 05:25 P-40Template:Sfn southeast of Cape MarkurTemplate:Sfn
76♠ 27 June 1944 16:46 Boston north of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 102 22 July 1944 12:35 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RE-8/6Template:Sfn
77♠ 27 June 1944 16:47 Boston north-northeast of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 103 22 July 1944 12:41 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RE-9/8Template:Sfn
78♠ 27 June 1944 17:02 Yak-9 southeast of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 104 22 July 1944 12:42 P-40Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RE-3/7Template:Sfn
79♠ 27 June 1944 17:10 Yak-9 northwest of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 105 28 July 1944 12:56 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost UC-3/1Template:Sfn
80♠ 28 June 1944 00:01 P-39 northeast of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 106 28 July 1944 12:59 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost UC-3/9Template:Sfn
81♠ 28 June 1944 00:03 P-39 west of KirkenesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –Template:Sfn
Eastern Front — 15 August – 16 September 1944
107♠ 17 August 1944 09:48 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost TB-7Template:Sfn 113♠ 23 August 1944 12:39 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RD, north of PechengaTemplate:Sfn
108♠ 17 August 1944 09:54 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SA-1Template:Sfn 114♠ 23 August 1944 12:40 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SD, northwest of PechengaTemplate:Sfn
109♠ 17 August 1944 09:55 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RU-9Template:Sfn 115♠ 23 August 1944 12:40 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SD, northwest of PechengaTemplate:Sfn
110♠ 17 August 1944 09:56 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RU-9Template:Sfn 116♠ 23 August 1944 16:38 P-39Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost TCTemplate:Sfn
111♠ 17 August 1944 09:58 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RU-3Template:Sfn 117 16 September 1944 11:56 BostonTemplate:Sfn PQ 37 Ost SA-2/8Template:Sfn
vicinity of Kirkenes
112♠ 23 August 1944 12:10 Pe-2Template:Sfn PQ 37 Ost RD, north of PechengaTemplate:Sfn

Awards

Notes

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  1. ↑ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".

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References

Citations

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Bibliography

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External links

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Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Template:Knight's Cross recipients of JG 5 Template:Subject bar

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