Isotopes of radium

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File:Ra-226 nitrate (3x 1 mCi) - Photo by Dr Andrew R. Burgoyne - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.jpg
Ra-226 nitrate (3x 1 mCi) - Photo by Dr Andrew R. Burgoyne - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
File:Ra-224 nitrate (21.4 mCi) - Photo by Dr Andrew R. Burgoyne - Oak Ridge National Laboratory.jpg
Ra-224 nitrate (21.4 mCi) - Photo by Dr Andrew R. Burgoyne - Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Template:Short description Template:Infobox radium isotopes Radium (88Ra) has no stable or nearly stable isotopes, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. The longest lived, and most common, isotope of radium is 226Ra with a half-life of Template:Val. 226Ra occurs in the decay chain of 238U (often referred to as the radium series). Radium has 34 known isotopes from 201Ra to 234Ra.

In the early history of the study of radioactivity, the different natural isotopes of radium were given different names, as it was not until Frederick Soddy's scientific career in the early 1900s that the concept of isotopes was realized.[1] In this scheme, 223Ra was named actinium X (AcX), 224Ra thorium X (ThX), 226Ra radium (Ra), and 228Ra mesothorium 1 (MsTh1).[2] When it was realized that all of these are isotopes of the same element, many of these names fell out of use, and "radium" came to refer to all isotopes, not just 226Ra,[3] though mesothorium 1 in particular was still used for some time, with a footnote explaining that it referred to 228Ra.[4] Some of radium-226's decay products received historical names including "radium",[5] ranging from radium Template:Sc to radium Template:Sc, with the letter indicating approximately how far they were down the chain from their parent 226Ra.Template:Efn

In 2013 it was discovered that the nucleus of radium-224 is pear-shaped.[6] This was the first discovery of an asymmetrical nucleus.

List of isotopes

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Template:Isotopes table |-id=Radium-201 | 201Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 113 | 201.012815(22) | 20(30) ms | α | 197Rn | (3/2−) | |-id=Radium-201m | style="text-indent:1em" | 201mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 263(26) keV | 6(5) ms | α | 197Rn | 13/2+ | |-id=Radium-202 | 202Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 114 | 202.009742(16) | 4.1(11) ms | α | 198Rn | 0+ | |-id=Radium-203 | 203Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 115 | 203.009234(10) | 36(13) ms | α | 199Rn | 3/2− | |-id=Radium-203m | style="text-indent:1em" | 203mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 246(14) keV | 25(5) ms | α | 199Rn | 13/2+ | |-id=Radium-204 | 204Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | 204.0065069(96) | 60(9) ms | α (99.7%) | 200Rn | 0+ | |-id=Radium-205 | 205Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | 205.006231(24) | 220(50) ms | α | 201Rn | 3/2− | |-id=Radium-205m | style="text-indent:1em" | 205mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 263(25) keV | 180(50) ms | α | 201Rn | 13/2+ | |-id=Radium-206 | 206Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 118 | 206.003828(19) | 0.24(2) s | α | 202Rn | 0+ | |-id=Radium-207 | rowspan=2|207Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 119 | rowspan=2|207.003772(63) | rowspan=2|1.38(18) s | α (86%) | 203Rn | rowspan=2|5/2−# | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (14%) | 207Fr |-id=Radium-207m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 207mRa | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 560(60) keV | rowspan=2|57(8) ms | IT (85#%) | 207Ra | rowspan=2|13/2+ | rowspan=2| |- | α (?%) | 203Rn |-id=Radium-208 | rowspan=2|208Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 120 | rowspan=2|208.0018550(97) | rowspan=2|1.110(45) s | α (87%) | 204Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (13%) | 208Fr |-id=Radium-208m | style="text-indent:1em" | 208mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2147.4(4) keV | 263(17) ns | IT | 208Ra | (8+) | |-id=Radium-209 | 209Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 121 | 209.0019949(62) | 4.71(8) s | α (90%) | 205Rn | 5/2− | |-id=Radium-209m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 209mRa | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 882.4(7) keV | rowspan=2|117(5) μs | α (90%) | 205Rn | rowspan=2|13/2+ | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (10%) | 209Fr |-id=Radium-210 | 210Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 122 | 210.0004754(99) | 4.0(1) s | α | 206Rn | 0+ | |-id=Radium-210m | style="text-indent:1em" | 210mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2050.9(7) keV | 2.29(3) μs | IT | 210Ra | 8+ | |-id=Radium-211 | 211Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 123 | 211.0008930(53) | 12.6(12) s | α | 207Rn | 5/2− | |-id=Radium-211m | style="text-indent:1em" | 211mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1198.1(8) keV | 9.5(3) μs | IT | 211Ra | 13/2+ | |-id=Radium-212 | rowspan=2|212Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 124 | rowspan=2|211.999787(11) | rowspan=2|13.0(2) s | α (?%) | 208Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (?%) | 212Fr |-id=Radium-212m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 212m1Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1958.4(20) keV | 9.3(9) μs | IT | 212Ra | 8+ | |-id=Radium-212m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 212m2Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2613.3(20) keV | 0.85(13) μs | IT | 212Ra | 11− | |-id=Radium-213 | rowspan=2|213Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 125 | rowspan=2|213.000371(11) | rowspan=2|2.73(5) min | α (87%) | 209Rn | rowspan=2|1/2− | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (13%) | 213Fr |-id=Radium-213m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 213mRa | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1768(4) keV | rowspan=2|2.20(5) ms | IT (99.4%) | 213Ra | rowspan=2|(17/2−) | rowspan=2| |- | α (0.6%) | 209Rn |-id=Radium-214 | rowspan=2|214Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 126 | rowspan=2|214.0000996(56) | rowspan=2|2.437(16) s | α (99.94%) | 210Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (0.059%) | 214Fr |-id=Radium-214m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 214m1Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1819.7(18) keV | 118(7) ns | IT | 214Ra | 6+ | |-id=Radium-214m2 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 214m2Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1865.2(18) keV | rowspan=2|67.3(15) μs | IT (99.91%) | 214Ra | rowspan=2|8+ | rowspan=2| |- | α (0.09%) | 210Rn |-id=Radium-214m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 214m3Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2683.2(18) keV | 295(7) ns | IT | 214Ra | 11− | |-id=Radium-214m4 | style="text-indent:1em" | 214m4Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3478.4(18) keV | 279(4) ns | IT | 214Ra | 14+ | |-id=Radium-214m5 | style="text-indent:1em" | 214m5Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4146.8(18) keV | 225(4) ns | IT | 214Ra | 17− | |-id=Radium-214m6 | style="text-indent:1em" | 214m6Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6577.0(18) keV | 128(4) ns | IT | 214Ra | (25−) | |-id=Radium-215 | 215Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 127 | 215.0027182(77) | 1.669(9) ms | α | 211Rn | 9/2+# | |-id=Radium-215m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 215m1Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1877.8(3) keV | 7.31(13) μs | IT | 215Ra | (25/2+) | |-id=Radium-215m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 215m2Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2246.9(4) keV | 1.39(7) μs | IT | 215Ra | (29/2−) | |-id=Radium-215m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 215m3Ra | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3807(50)# keV | 555(10) ns | IT | 215Ra | (43/2−) | |-id=Radium-216 | rowspan=2|216Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128 | rowspan=2|216.0035335(86) | rowspan=2|172(7) ns | α | 212Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| |- | EC (<1×10−8%) | 216Fr |-id=Radium-217 | 217Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 129 | 217.0063227(76) | 1.95(12) μs | α | 213Rn | (9/2+) | |-id=Radium-218 |218Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 130 | 218.007134(11) | 25.91(14) μs | α | 214Rn | 0+ | |-id=Radium-219 | 219Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 131 | 219.0100847(73) | 9(2) ms | α | 215Rn | (7/2)+ | |-id=Radium-219m | style="text-indent:1em" | 219mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 16.7(8) keV | 10(3) ns | α | 215Rn | (11/2)+ | |-id=Radium-220 | 220Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 132 | 220.0110275(82) | 18.1(12) ms | α | 216Rn | 0+ | |-id=Radium-221 | rowspan=2|221Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 133 | rowspan=2|221.0139173(05) | rowspan=2|25(4) s | α | 217Rn | rowspan=2|5/2+ | rowspan=2|Trace[n 1] |- | CD (1.2×10−10%)[n 2] | 207Pb
14C |-id=Radium-222 | rowspan=2|222Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 134 | rowspan=2|222.0153734(48) | rowspan=2|33.6(4) s | α | 218Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| |- | CD (3.0×10−8%) | 208Pb
14C |- | rowspan=2|223Ra[n 3] | rowspan=2|Actinium X | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 135 | rowspan=2|223.0185006(22) | rowspan=2|11.4352(10) d | α | 219Rn | rowspan=2|3/2+ | rowspan=2|Trace[n 4] |- | CD (8.9×10−8%) | 209Pb
14C |-id=Radium-224 | rowspan=2|224Ra | rowspan=2|Thorium X | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 136 | rowspan=2|224.0202104(19) | rowspan=2|3.6316(14) d | α | 220Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2|Trace[n 5] |- | CD (4.0×10−9%) | 210Pb
14C |-id=Radium-225 | rowspan=2|225Ra | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 137 | rowspan=2|225.0236105(28) | rowspan=2|14.82(19) d | β− | 225Ac | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2|Trace[n 6] |- |α (.0026%)[7]Template:Refn |221Rn |- | rowspan=2|Script error: No such module "anchor".226Ra | rowspan=2|Radium[n 7] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 138 | rowspan=2|226.0254082(21) | rowspan=2|1600(7) y | αTemplate:Refn | 222Rn | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2|Trace[n 8] |- | CD (2.6×10−9%) | 212Pb
14C |-id=Radium-227 | 227Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 139 | 227.0291762(21) | 42.2(5) min | β− | 227Ac | 3/2+ | |-id=Radium-228 | 228Ra | Mesothorium 1 | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 140 | 228.0310686(21) | 5.75(3) y | β− | 228Ac | 0+ | Trace[n 5] |-id=Radium-229 | 229Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 141 | 229.034957(17) | 4.0(2) min | β− | 229Ac | 5/2+ | |-id=Radium-230 | 230Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 142 | 230.037055(11) | 93(2) min | β− | 230Ac | 0+ | |-id=Radium-231 | 231Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 143 | 231.041027(12) | 104(1) s | β− | 231Ac | (5/2+) | |-id=Radium-231m | style="text-indent:1em" | 231mRa | | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 66.21(9) keV | ~53 μs | IT | 231Ra | (1/2+) | |-id=Radium-232 | 232Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 144 | 232.0434753(98) | 4.0(3) min | β− | 232Ac | 0+ | |-id=Radium-233 | 233Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 145 | 233.0475946(92) | 30(5) s | β− | 233Ac | 1/2+# | |-id=Radium-234 | 234Ra | | style="text-align:right" | 88 | style="text-align:right" | 146 | 234.0503821(90) | 30(10) s | β− | 234Ac | 0+ | Template:Isotopes table/footer

Actinides vs fission products

Template:Actinides vs fission products

References

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Notes

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