Isotopes of copper
Template:Short description Template:Infobox copper isotopes Copper (29Cu) has two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with 28 radioisotopes. The most stable radioisotope is 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Most of the others have half-lives under a minute. Unstable copper isotopes with atomic masses below 63 tend to undergo β+ decay, while isotopes with atomic masses above 65 tend to undergo β− decay. 64Cu decays by both β+ and β−.[1]
There are at least 10 metastable isomers of copper, including two each for 70Cu and 75Cu. The most stable of these is 68mCu with a half-life of 3.75 minutes. The least stable is 75m2Cu with a half-life of 149 ns.[1]
List of isotopes
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Template:Isotopes table
|-id=Copper-55
| rowspan=2|55Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 26
| rowspan=2|54.96604(17)
| rowspan=2|55.9(15) ms
| β+
| 55Ni
| rowspan=2|3/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (?%)
| 54Co
|-id=Copper-56
| rowspan=2|56Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 27
| rowspan=2|55.9585293(69)
| rowspan=2|80.8(6) ms
| β+ (99.60%)
| 56Ni
| rowspan=2|(4+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (0.40%)
| 55Co
|-id=Copper-57
| 57Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| 56.94921169(54)
| 196.4(7) ms
| β+
| 57Ni
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-58
| 58Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| 57.94453228(60)
| 3.204(7) s
| β+
| 58Ni
| 1+
|
|
|-id=Copper-59
| 59Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 30
| 58.93949671(57)
| 81.5(5) s
| β+
| 59Ni
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-60
| 60Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 31
| 59.9373638(17)
| 23.7(4) min
| β+
| 60Ni
| 2+
|
|
|-id=Copper-61
| 61Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| 60.9334574(10)
| 3.343(16) h
| β+
| 61Ni
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-62
| 62Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 33
| 61.9325948(07)
| 9.672(8) min
| β+
| 62Ni
| 1+
|
|
|-id=Copper-63
| 63Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 34
| 62.92959712(46)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 3/2−
| 0.6915(15)
|
|-
| rowspan=2|64Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 35
| rowspan=2|63.92976400(46)
| rowspan=2|12.7004(13) h
| β+ (61.52%)
| 64Ni
| rowspan=2|1+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (38.48%)
| 64Zn
|-id=Copper-65
| 65Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 36
| 64.92778948(69)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 3/2−
| 0.3085(15)
|
|-id=Copper-66
| 66Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| 65.92886880(70)
| 5.120(14) min
| β−
| 66Zn
| 1+
|
|
|-id=Copper-66m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 66mCu
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1154.2(14) keV
| 600(17) ns
| IT
| 66Cu
| (6)−
|
|
|-id=Copper-67
| 67Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 38
| 66.92772949(96)
| 61.83(12) h
| β−
| 67Zn
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-68
| 68Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 39
| 67.9296109(17)
| 30.9(6) s
| β−
| 68Zn
| 1+
|
|
|-id=Copper-68m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 68mCu
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 721.26(8) keV
| rowspan=2|3.75(5) min
| IT (86%)
| 68Cu
| rowspan=2|6−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (14%)
| 68Zn
|-id=Copper-69
| 69Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| 68.929429267(15)
| 2.85(15) min
| β−
| 69Zn
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-69m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 69mCu
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2742.0(7) keV
| 357(2) ns
| IT
| 69Cu
| (13/2+)
|
|
|-id=Copper-70
| 70Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| 69.9323921(12)
| 44.5(2) s
| β−
| 70Zn
| 6−
|
|
|-id=Copper-70m1
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 70m1Cu
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 101.1(3) keV
| rowspan=2|33(2) s
| β− (52%)
| 70Zn
| rowspan=2|3−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (48%)
| 70Cu
|-id=Copper-70m2
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 70m2Cu
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 242.6(5) keV
| rowspan=2|6.6(2) s
| β− (93.2%)
| 70Zn
| rowspan=2|1+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (6.8%)
| 70Cu
|-id=Copper-71
| 71Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 42
| 70.9326768(16)
| 19.4(14) s
| β−
| 71Zn
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-71m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 71mCu
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2755.7(6) keV
| 271(13) ns
| IT
| 71Cu
| (19/2−)
|
|
|-id=Copper-72
| 72Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 43
| 71.9358203(15)
| 6.63(3) s
| β−
| 72Zn
| 2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-72m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 72mCu
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 270(3) keV
| 1.76(3) μs
| IT
| 72Cu
| (6−)
|
|
|-id=Copper-73
| rowspan=2|73Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 44
| rowspan=2|72.9366744(21)
| rowspan=2|4.20(12) s
| β− (99.71%)
| 73Zn
| rowspan=2|3/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (0.29%)
| 72Zn
|-id=Copper-74
| rowspan=2|74Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 45
| rowspan=2|73.9398749(66)
| rowspan=2|1.606(9) s
| β− (99.93%)
| 74Zn
| rowspan=2|2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (0.075%)
| 73Zn
|-id=Copper-75
| rowspan=2|75Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 46
| rowspan=2|74.94152382(77)
| rowspan=2|1.224(3) s
| β− (97.3%)
| 75Zn
| rowspan=2|5/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (2.7%)
| 74Zn
|-id=Copper-75m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 75m1Cu
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 61.7(4) keV
| 0.310(8) μs
| IT
| 75Cu
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-75m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 75m2Cu
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 66.2(4) keV
| 0.149(5) μs
| IT
| 75Cu
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Copper-76
| rowspan=2|76Cu[2]
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47
| rowspan=2|75.9452370(21)
| rowspan=2|1.27(30) s
| β− (?%)
| 76Zn
| rowspan=2|(1,2)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (?%)
| 75Zn
|-id=Copper-76m
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 76mCu[2]
| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 64.8(25) keV
| rowspan=3|637.7(55) ms
| β− (?%)
| 76Zn
| rowspan=3|3−
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−, n (?%)
| 75Zn
|-
| IT (10–17%)
| 76Cu
|-id=Copper-77
| rowspan=2|77Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 48
| rowspan=2|76.9475436(13)
| rowspan=2|470.3(17) ms
| β− (69.9%)
| 77Zn
| rowspan=2|5/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (30.1%)
| 76Zn
|-id=Copper-78
| rowspan=2|78Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49
| rowspan=2|77.9519206(81)[3]
| rowspan=2|330.7(20) ms
| β−, n (50.6%)
| 77Zn
| rowspan=2|(6−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (49.4%)
| 78Zn
|-id=Copper-79
| rowspan=2|79Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2|78.95447(11)
| rowspan=2|241.3(21) ms
| β−, n (66%)
| 78Zn
| rowspan=2|(5/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (34%)
| 79Zn
|-id=Copper-80
| rowspan=2|80Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 51
| rowspan=2|79.96062(32)#
| rowspan=2|113.3(64) ms
| β−, n (59%)
| 79Zn
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (41%)
| 80Zn
|-id=Copper-81
| rowspan=2|81Cu
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52
| rowspan=2| 80.96574(32)#
| rowspan=2| 73.2(68) ms
| β−, n (81%)
| 80Zn
| rowspan=2|5/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (19%)
| 81Zn
|-id=Copper-82
| 82Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 53
| 81.97238(43)#
| 34(7) ms
| β−
| 82Zn
|
|
|
|-id=Copper-83
| 83Cu
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 54
| 82.97811(54)#
| 21# ms [>410 ns]
|
|
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-id=Copper-84
| 84Cu[4]
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| style="text-align:right" | 55
| 83.98527(54)#
|
|
|
|
|
|
Template:Isotopes table/footer
Copper nuclear magnetic resonance
Both stable isotopes of copper (63Cu and 65Cu) have nuclear spin of 3/2−, and thus produce nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, although the spectral lines are broad due to quadrupolar broadening. 63Cu is the more sensitive nucleus while 65Cu yields very slightly narrower signals. Usually though 63Cu NMR is preferred.[5]
Medical applications
Copper offers a relatively large number of radioisotopes that are potentially useful for nuclear medicine.
There is growing interest in the use of 64Cu, 62Cu, 61Cu, and 60Cu for diagnostic purposes and 67Cu and 64Cu for targeted radiotherapy. For example, 64Cu has a longer half-life than most positron-emitters (12.7 hours) and is thus ideal for diagnostic PET imaging of biological molecules.[6]
See also
Daughter products other than copper
References
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- ↑ Harris, M. "Clarity uses a cutting-edge imaging technique to guide drug development". Nature Biotechnology September 2014: 34
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- Isotope masses from:
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Application of Copper radioisotopes in Medicine (Review Paper):
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