Isocetane
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| MeSH | 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane |
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| Molar mass | Template:Chem molar mass |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
| Odor | Odourless |
| Density | 793 mg mL−1 |
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| Vapor pressure | 130 Pa (at 20 °C) |
| Template:Longitem | 1.439 |
| Template:Longitem | 458.80 J K−1 mol−1 |
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Isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) is a highly branched alkane used as a reference in determining the cetane number of diesel. It has a cetane number of 15.[2] Isocetane replaced 1-methylnaphthalene in 1962 as the lower reference for cetane number (1-methylnaphthalene has cetane number zero) owing to the oxidation instability and difficulty of use of 1-methylnaphthalene in the reference engine.[3][4]
Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name isocetane should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylpentadecane. However, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane is by far the most important isomer of cetane and so, historically, it has ended up with this name.
References
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