Iohexol

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Iohexol, sold under the trade name Iodaque among others, is a contrast agent used for X-ray imaging.[1] This includes when visualizing arteries, veins, ventricles of the brain, the urinary system, and joints, as well as during computed tomography (CT scan).[1] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, or into a body cavity.[2]

Side effects include vomiting, skin flushing, headache, itchiness, kidney problems, and low blood pressure.[1] Less commonly allergic reactions or seizures may occur.[1] Allergies to povidone-iodine or shellfish do not affect the risk of side effects more than other allergies.[3] Use in the later part of pregnancy may cause hypothyroidism in the baby.[4] Iohexol is an iodinated non-ionic radiocontrast agent.[1] It is in the low osmolar family.[5]

Iohexol was approved for medical use in 1985.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7][2]

Chemistry

The osmolality of iohexol ranges from 322 mOsm/kg—approximately 1.1 times that of blood plasma—to 844 mOsm/kg, almost three times that of blood.[8] Despite this difference, iohexol is still considered a low-osmolality contrast agent; the osmolality of older agents, such as diatrizoate, may be more than twice as high.[9]

Adverse effects

The most common side effects after intravenous injections are: pain at the site of injection (3%), blurring of vision (2%), nausea (2%), arrhythmia (2%), taste perversion (1%), hypotension (0.7%), and vomiting (0.7%).[10]

Society and culture

Naming

It is sold under the brand name Omnipaque.[11] It is also sold as a density gradient medium under the names Accudenz, Histodenz, and Nycodenz.[12][13]

Available forms

It is available in various concentrations, from 140[10] to 350[14] milligrams of iodine per milliliter.[10] Iohexol can given as intrathecal, intravascular, oral, rectal, intraarticular, or into the body cavity.[10]

References

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