Indoxacarb
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine pesticide developed by DuPont that acts against lepidopteran larvae.[1] It is marketed under the names Indoxacarb Technical Insecticide, Steward Insecticide and Avaunt Insecticide. It is also used as the active ingredient in the Syngenta line of commercial pesticides: Advion and Arilon.[2][3][4]
Its main mode of action is via blocking of neuronal sodium channels, belonging to IRAC group 22A.[1] It is fairly lipophilic with a Kow of 4.65. This pesticide should be used with caution since some insects such as the oriental tobacco budworm (Helicoverpa assulta) become resistant when exposed.[5]
In 2021, the European Union[6] chose not to renew Indoxacarb for use as a plant-protection insecticide. The United Kingdom still allows use of the compound until 2025.[7]
Development
Indoxacarb was developed by the McCann et al. team at E. I. du Pont de Nemours.[8][9]
Household products
Indoxacarb is the active ingredient in a number of household insecticides, including cockroach and ant baits, and can remain active after digestion.[10] In 2012 DuPont's Professional Products including the line of Advion and Arilon products was purchased by Syngenta.[11] Indoxacarb is the active ingredient in the pet product, Activyl, from Merck Animal Health. It is marketed to kill fleas on dogs and cats.[12]
Toxicity to humans
While toxicity to humans has not been formally studied, there is a reported case of a person consuming indoxacarb in a suicide attempt.[13] The patient developed methemoglobinemia following ingestion.[13] Methemoglobinemia (also known as blue baby syndrome) is a condition which ultimately decreases the effectiveness of red blood cells to exchange oxygen with organs. Methemoglobinemia can be fatal if left untreated, however when the cause is exposure to a chemical agent (not genetic) a variety of treatments are available and effective.[14][15]
References
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- ↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (7505C). Pesticide Fact Sheet. Name of Chemical: Indoxacarb. Reason for Issuance: Conditional Registration. Date Issued: October 30, 2000. Template:Webarchive
- ↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register: Indoxacarb; Pesticide Tolerance. Federal Register: July 11, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 132)
- ↑ Commission Directive 2006/10/EC of 27 January 2006 amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC to include forchlorfenuron and indoxacarb as active substances. Official Journal of the European Union 2006-1-28
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Further reading
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- Moncada, Adriana. Environmental Fate of Indoxacarb. Environmental Monitoring Branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation, State of California. March 6, 2003
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External links
- DuPont Steward insecticide - FAQs. Updated 20 January 2007. Template:Webarchive Retrieved 2012-11-11
- Template:PPDB