Indonesian Christian Party

The Indonesian Christian Party (Template:Langx), better known as Parkindo, was a Christian political party active in Indonesia from 1950 until 1973, when it was merged to make the Indonesian Democratic Party.

Founded by Johannes Leimena and Melanchton Siregar, the former Military Governor of North Sumatra, who was known as a local teacher in Tarutung. Its support was concentrated in Protestant areas of Indonesia. It had considerable influence despite the small number of Christians in Indonesia due to the large numbers of Christians in the civil service, the army and educational establishments and because of the high profile of party leader Johannes Leimena who served in several Indonesian cabinets and as deputy prime minister. In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 2.6% of the vote and eight seats in the People's Representative Council. However, in the 1971 elections, the last it contested before being merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party, it gained only 1.34% of the vote.

History

Pre-independence

The first Christian party in the Dutch East Indies was the Christelijk Ethische Partij (transl. Christian Ethic Party), which was established on 25 September 1917. According to the constitution of the party, the party strives to make the statutes of God, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures, nature and history, the foundation of the political life in the Dutch East Indies. At the formation of the party, it had around 800 members. The party also invited native Indonesians, which was a rarity for Dutch-majority party at that time. The party changed its name to Christenlijk Staatkundige Partij (transl. Christian Constitutional Party) on 1929. The party gained five seats in the 1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad election, on which three seats to the native Indonesians, and two seats to Europeans.

Establishment

The party was established following the decree by the government on 3 November 1945 to form "as many political parties as possible" in Indonesia. The decree was an attempt by the government to eradicate rumors that stated that Sukarno and Hatta would make Indonesia a one-party state, governed by the Indonesian National Party. Six days after the decree, Christian politicians of Indonesia held a meeting to discuss the possibility of establishing a party for Christians. The meeting was held in the Pasundan Church. The Protestants sent Basuki Probowinoto, Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia, Fredrick Laoh, Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes, J. K. Panggabean, Soedarsono, Maryoto and Martinus Abednego, while the Catholics sent Suradi and Hadi. After the delegates agreed to form a political party, the Catholic delegates withdrew from the meeting, giving the reason that they had to talk about it first with the leaders of the Catholic Church.

The meeting finally produced an agreement to form a party for Christians under the name National Christian Party (Template:Langx). The name was proposed by Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia. The delegates chose Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes as the chairman and Maryoto as the general secretary by acclamation. On 10 November 1945, the delegates declared the formation of the National Christian Party.

Notable members

National Heroes of Indonesia

• Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes, first chairman of the party
• Johannes Leimena, third chairman of the party
• Ir. Martinus Putuhena
• Izaak Huru Doko, nominated as the MP of the party from East Nusa Tenggara
• Silas Papare

Ministers

• Johannes Leimena, seated seven different ministerial positions from 1946 until 1966
• Ir. Martinus Putuhena, Prime Minister of East Indonesia (1950) and Minister of Public Works (1945–1947)
• Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia, Minister of Education (1945–1946)
• Albert Mangaratua Tambunan, Minister of Social Affairs (1966–1970)
• Wilhelm Johannis Rumambi, Liaison Minister (1959–1966), Minister of Enlightenment (1966)

Chairmen

#	Portrait	Name (Birth – Death)	Term of office
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1	File:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes 1999 Indonesia stamp.jpg	Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes (1895 – 1952)	9 November 1945	7 December 1945	Template:Age in years and days
2	File:Basuki Probowinoto.jpg	Basuki Probowinoto (1917 – 1989)	7 December 1945	9 April 1950	Template:Age in years and days
3	File:Johannes Leimena, Indonesia Memilih, p223.jpg	Johannes Leimena (1905 – 1977)	9 April 1950	5 February 1961	Template:Age in years and days
4	File:Albert Mangaratua Tambunan 1951.jpg	A. M. Tambunan (1910 – 1970)	5 February 1961	22 October 1967	Template:Age in years and days
5	File:Melanchton Siregar, Hasil Rakjat Memilih Tokoh-tokoh Parlemen (Hasil Pemilihan Umum Pertama - 1955) di Republik Indonesia, p346.jpg	Melanchton Siregar (1912 – 1975)	22 October 1967	11 January 1973	Template:Age in years and days

Election results

Election	Total seats won	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Party leader
April 1955	Template:Composition bar	1,003,325	2.6%	Increase8 seats	Johannes Leimena
December 1955	Template:Composition bar	988,810	2.61%	Increase8 seats	Johannes Leimena
1971	Template:Composition bar	733,359	1.34%	Decrease9 seats	Melanchton Siregar

References

Bibliography

• Feith, Herbert (2007) The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, Template:ISBN
• Liddle, R. William (1994) Pemilu-Pemilu Orde Baru (Elections of the New Order), LP3ES, Jakarta Template:ISBN
• Ricklefs, M.C. (1991) A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4480-7