Indo-Aryan peoples
Template:Short description Template:Pp-pc1 Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Script error: No such module "sidebar".Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[1][2][3] The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan (east of Indus River), Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India.[4]
History
Proto-Indo-Iranians
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".
The introduction of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent was the outcome of a migration of Indo-Aryan people from Central Asia into the northern Indian subcontinent (modern-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). Another group of Indo-Aryans migrated further westward and founded the Mitanni kingdom in northern SyriaTemplate:Sfn (c. 1500–1300 BC); the other group was the Vedic people.Template:Sfn According to Christopher I. Beckwith, the Wusun people of Inner Asia in antiquity could have been of Indo-Aryan origin.Template:Sfn
The Proto-Indo-Iranians, from which the Indo-Aryans developed, are identified with the Sintashta culture (2100–1800 BCE),Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn and the Andronovo culture,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". which flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in the steppes around the Aral Sea, present-day Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Proto-Indo-Aryan split off around 1800–1600 BCE from the Iranians,Template:Sfn moved south through the Bactria-Margiana Culture, south of the Andronovo culture, borrowing some of their distinctive religious beliefs and practices from the BMAC, and then migrated further south into the Levant and north-western India.[5]Template:Sfn The migration of the Indo-Aryans was part of the larger diffusion of Indo-European languages from the Proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic–Caspian steppe which started in the 4th millennium BCE.Template:Sfn[6][7] The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard, OCP, and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryans.
The Indo-Aryans were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as aryā 'noble'. Over the last four millennia, the Indo-Aryan culture has evolved particularly inside India itself, but its origins are in the conflation of values and heritage of the Indo-Aryan and indigenous people groups of India.[8] Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted.
Genetically, most Indo-Aryan-speaking populations are descendants of a mix of Central Asian steppe pastoralists, Iranian hunter-gatherers, and, to a lesser extent, South Asian hunter-gatherers—commonly known as Ancient Ancestral South Indians (AASI). Dravidians are descendants of a mix of South Asian hunter-gatherers and Iranian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent, Central Asian steppe pastoralists. South Indian Tribal Dravidians descend majorly from South Asian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent Iranian hunter-gatherers.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[9] Additionally, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speaking people contributed to the genetic make-up of South Asia.Template:Sfn
Indigenous Aryanism propagates the idea that the Indo-Aryans were indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, and that the Indo-European languages spread from there to central Asia and Europe. Contemporary support for this idea is ideologically driven, and has no basis in objective data and mainstream scholarship.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Snf
List of historical Indo-Aryan peoples
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- Anga
- Bahlikas
- Bharatas
- Buli
- Caidyas
- Dewa
- Gāndhārīs
- Gangaridai
- Gupta
- Kambojas
- Kalinga
- Kasmira
- Kekaya
- Khasas
- Kikata
- Koliya
- Kosala
- Kurus
- Licchavis
- Madra
- Magadhis
- Malavas
- Mallakas
- Mātsyeyas
- Mitanni
- Moriya
- Nāya
- Nishadhas
- Odra
- Pakthas
- Pala
- Panchala
- Paundra
- Puru
- Salva
- Salwa
- Saraswata
- Sauvira
- Shakya
- Shunga
- Sindhu
- Sudra
- Surasena
- Trigarta
- Utkala
- Vanga
- Vatsa
- Vidarbha
- Videha
- Vrishni
- Yadavas
- Yadu
- Yaudheya
Contemporary Indo-Aryan people
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- Assamese people
- Awadhi people
- Banjara people
- Bede people
- Bengali people
- Bhil people
- Bhojpuri people
- Bishnupriya Manipuri people
- Brokpa people
- Chittagonian people
- Deccani people
- Deshi people
- Dhakaiya people
- Dhivehi people
- Dogra people
- Garhwali people
- Gujarati people
- Halba people
- Haryanvi people
- Hindki people
- Jaunsari people
- Kalash people
- Kashmiri people
- Khas people
- Kho people
- Kohistani people
- Konkani people
- Kumauni people
- Kutchi people
- Magahi people
- Maithil people
- Marathi people
- Marwari people
- Memon people
- Muhajir people
- Nagpuria people
- Odia people
- Palula people
- Pashayi people
- Pahari people
- Punjabi people
- Rajasthani people
- Romani people
- Rohingya people
- Sadan people
- Saraiki people
- Saurashtra people
- Shina people
- Sindhi people
- Sinhalese people
- Sylheti people
- Thari people
- Tharu people
- Tirahi people
- Torwali people
- Warli people
See also
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ George Erdosy (1995). "The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity", p. 279
- ↑ Johannes Krause mit Thomas Trappe: Die Reise unserer Gene. Eine Geschichte über uns und unsere Vorfahren. Propyläen Verlag, Berlin 2019, p. 148 ff.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sources
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Mallory, JP. 1998. "A European Perspective on Indo-Europeans in Asia". In The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern and Central Asia. Ed. Mair. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Trubachov, Oleg N., 1999: Indoarica, Nauka, Moscow.
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
External links
- Horseplay at Harappa – People Fas Harvard – Harvard University (PDF)
- A tale of two horses – Frontline
Script error: No such module "Navbox".Template:Authority control