List of national independence days

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  Independence-related national day
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  Unification- or revolution-related national day
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  Other reasons for national day
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  No official national day

An independence day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state, or after the end of a military occupation, or after a major change in government. Many countries commemorate their independence from a colonial empire.

Not all countries mark independence as a national holiday. Many, such as Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, France,[1] New Zealand, Ireland, Luxembourg, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Taiwan, and Turkey mark other dates of significance.

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List

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List of independence days of countries around the world
Country Name of holiday Date of holiday Year of event Independence from Event commemorated and notes
Template:Country data Afghanistan Independence Day Template:Sort 1919 Template:Country data United Kingdom Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 or Treaty of Rawalpindi, an armistice between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War.[2]
Liberation Day Template:Sort 1989 Template:Flagcountry Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.
Template:Country data Albania Independence Day Template:Sort 1912 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire Albanian Declaration of Independence. During the First Balkan War, risked by separation after war, Ismail Qemali, the first Albanian leader, declared independence in a speech only 5 minutes long. This became the Second November, after the First November, when Skanderbeg raised the Albanian flag in Krujë.
Template:Country data Algeria Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Template:Country data France Algeria gained independence following the Algerian War and the Algerian independence referendum. France officially recognized independent Algeria on 3 July, but the Independence Day is celebrated on 5 July, the day of the fall of Algiers in 1830 and the beginning of French Algeria.[3][4]
Template:Country data Angola Independence Day Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Portugal The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November, ending the Angolan War of Independence.[5]
Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda Independence Day Template:Sort 1981 Template:Country data United Kingdom The effective date of the Antigua Termination of Association Order passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in July.[6][7]
Template:Country data Argentina Independence Day Template:Sort 1816[8] Template:Country data Spanish Empire Argentine Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Armenia Republic Day (Hanrapetut’yan or) Template:Sort 1918[9] Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918).
Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union 1991 Armenian independence referendum.
Template:Country data Azerbaijan Independence Day (Müstəqillik Günü) Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan.
Day of Restoration of Independence Template:Sort 1991[10] Template:Country data Soviet Union Adoption of the constitutional act "On the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan".[10]
Template:Country data Bahamas Independence Day Template:Sort 1973 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of The Bahamas Independence Order 1973.[11]
Template:Country data Bahrain Independence Day Template:Sort 1971 Template:Country data United Kingdom Ascension of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa to the throne.[12]
Template:Country data Bangladesh Independence and National Day (Sbādhīnôtā Ō Jātīẏô Dibôs) Template:Sort 1971 Template:Country data Pakistan Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence.
Victory Day Template:Sort 1971 Victory over Pakistan Armed Forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Template:Country data Barbados Independence Day Template:Sort 1966 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the Barbados Independence Act 1966. Also the anniversary of the formal proclamation of Barbados as a Republic in the Commonwealth in 2021.
Template:Country data Belarus Independence Day (Dzien Niezaliežnasci) Template:Sort 1944 Template:Country data Nazi Germany The liberation of Minsk after several years of German occupation in 1944. Two other independence days – 25 March (proclamation of the Belarusian People's Republic in 1918) and 27 July (independence from the Soviet Union in 1990) – are commemorated unofficially.[13]
Template:Country data Belgium National Day Template:Sort 1831 Template:Flagicon Netherlands Ascension of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to the throne.[14]
Template:Country data Belize Independence Day Template:Sort 1981 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective day of the Belize Act 1981.[15]
Template:Country data Benin Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July creating the independent Republic of Dahomey.[16]
Template:Country data Bolivia Independence Day Template:Sort 1825 Template:Country data Spain Bolivian Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina Independence Day Template:Sort 1992 Template:Country data Yugoslavia 1992 Bosnian independence referendum.
Template:Country data Botswana Independence Day Template:Sort 1966 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the Botswana Independence Act 1966.[17]
Template:Country data Brazil Independence Day (Dia da Independência) Template:Sort 1822 Template:Country data Portugal Declaration of independence by Pedro I of Brazil (see Independence of Brazil).[18]
Template:Country data Brunei National Day (Hari Kemerdekaan or Hari Kebangsaan) Template:Sort 1984 Template:Country data United Kingdom Brunei gained full independence effective 1 January 1984 under the Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation of 7 January 1979 between United Kingdom and Brunei.[19] However, the celebrations of the first National Day were delayed until 23 February and that day continues to be celebrated since.[20]
Template:Country data Bulgaria Liberation Day Template:Sort 1878 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire Treaty of San Stefano which created the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria.[21]
Independence Day Template:Sort 1908[22] Bulgarian Declaration of Independence.[22]
Template:Country data Burkina Faso Proclamation of Independence Day Template:Sort 1958 Template:Country data France Effective date when French Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community.
Independence Day Template:Sort 1960[23] Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July and creation of the independent Republic of Upper Volta.[16]
Template:Country data Burundi Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Template:Country data Belgium Effective date of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1746 terminating the Ruanda-Urundi Trusteeship.[24][25]
Template:Country data Cambodia Independence Day (Bony Ekreachychate) Template:Sort 1953 Template:Country data France Ceremony transferring military from French to Cambodian officials based on a military hand-over agreement reached on 17 October 1953.[26][27]
Template:Country data Cameroon National Day Template:Sort 1972 Script error: No such module "flag".
Template:Country data France 		Cameroon gained independence on 1 January 1960, but does not celebrate that date. Instead, it celebrates the National Day on 20 May commemorating the 1972 Cameroonian constitutional referendum.[28]
Template:Country data Canada Canada Day Template:Sort 1867 Template:Country data United Kingdom Canada Day on 1 July commemorates the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867.[29]
Template:Country data Cape Verde Independence Day Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Portugal Effective date of the Agreement Between Portugal and Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC) signed on 18 December 1974.[30]
Template:Country data Central African Republic National Day Template:Sort 1958 Template:Country data France Effective date when Central African Republic became an autonomous republic of the French Community.[31]
Independence Day Template:Sort 1960[32] Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 12 July.[16]
Template:Country data Chad Republic Day Template:Sort 1958[33] Effective date when Chad became an autonomous republic in the French Community.[34]
Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 12 July.[16]
Template:Country data Chile Independence Day (part of Fiestas Patrias) Template:Sort 1810 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Establishment of the Government Junta of Chile.[35] The following day, 19 September, is celebrated as the Army Day.[36] The two holidays collectively are known as Fiestas Patrias.[37]
Template:Country data Colombia Independence Day Template:Sort 1810 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Colombian Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Comoros Independence Day Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data France Unilateral declaration of independence by the Chamber of Deputies of Comoros following the 1974 Comorian independence referendum.[38]
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data Belgium Effective date of the Treaty of Friendship, Assistance and Co-operation between Belgium and the Congo concluded on 29 June 1960.[39]
Template:Country data Republic of the Congo Republic Day Template:Sort 1958[40] Template:Country data France Effective date when Congo became an autonomous republic in the French Community.[40]
Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Congo gains full independence from France.[41]
Template:Country data Costa Rica Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Act of Independence of Central America.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Croatia National Day Template:Sort[42] 1990[43] Template:Country data Yugoslavia First session of the Croatian Parliament following the 1990 Croatian parliamentary election.[43] 8 October (when the parliament adopted a decision to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia in 1991) and 25 June (when the parliament voted for independence in 1991) were also celebrated as independence days. After the 2019 changes to the law on public holidays, 8 October is the Parliament Day and 25 June is the Independence Day, but they are memorial days and not public holidays.[42]
Template:Country data Cuba Independence Day[44] Template:Sort 1868[45] Template:Country data Spanish Empire Call to rebellion (known as Grito de Yara) by sugar planter Carlos Manuel de Cespedes that led to the Ten Years' War for independence.[46]
Template:Sort 1898 Spain cedes Cuba to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which marked the end of the Spanish–American War.
Template:Sort 1902 Template:Country data United States Independence of Cuba from the United States. However, Cuba remained under direct U.S. influence until 1934 as a result of the Platt Amendment.
Template:Country data Cyprus Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the London-Zürich Agreements was 16 August 1960, but the public holiday was moved to 1 October to avoid summer heat and tourist season.[47]
Template:Country data Czech Republic Independence Day Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Austria-Hungary Independence declaration by the Czechoslovak National Council.[48] Official day of independence of the Czech Republic
Restoration Day Template:Sort 1993[49] Template:Country data Czechoslovakia Effective date of the Peaceful Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia.[50]
Template:Country data Djibouti Independence Day Template:Sort 1977 Template:Country data France Independence from France following a successful independence referendum held in May 1977.[51]
Template:Country data Dominica Independence Day Template:Sort 1978 Template:Country data United Kingdom Independence from the United Kingdom following the creation of the Dominican constitution.[52]
Template:Country data Dominican Republic Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Independence from Spain in December 1821.[53]
Template:Sort 1844 Template:Flagcountry Independence re-declared from Haiti in 1844, after a 22-year occupation. Start of the Dominican War of Independence.
Restoration Day Template:Sort 1863 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Day of Grito del Capotillo on 16 August 1863. Independence officially restored from Spain on 11 July 1865, after victory in the Dominican Restoration War.
Template:Country data Ecuador Independence Day Template:Sort 1809 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Proclaimed independence on 10 August 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement on 2 August 1810.
Template:Country data Egypt Revolution Day Template:Sort 1952 Script error: No such module "flag". The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 abolished the Kingdom of Egypt, ended British influence in the country, and established an independent republic.[54]
Template:Country data El Salvador Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Act of Independence of Central America.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea Independence Day Template:Sort 1968 Template:Country data Spain Independence from Spain following the country's only free and fair election to date in September 1968.[55]
Template:Country data Eritrea Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Ethiopia Eritrean War of Independence.
Template:Country data Estonia Independence Day (Iseseisvuspäev) Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Estonian Declaration of Independence.
Day of Restoration of Independence[56] Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union[56] Estonian Restoration of Independence.
Template:Country data Eswatini Independence Day (Somhlolo Day) Template:Sort 1968 Template:Country data United Kingdom Commemorates independence.[57] Also called Somhlolo Day or Subhuza Day, after the 19th-century leader Sobhuza I.[58]
Template:Country data Fiji Fiji Day Template:Sort 1970 Template:Country data United Kingdom Instruments of Independence
Template:Country data Finland Independence Day (Itsenäisyyspäivä) Template:Sort 1917 Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Finnish Declaration of Independence
Template:Country data Gabon Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 15 July.[16]
Template:Country data The Gambia Independence Day Template:Sort 1965 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the Gambia Independence Act 1964.
Template:Country data Georgia Independence Day (Damouk'ideblobis dghe) Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Day of the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918.
National Unity Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union Commemoration of both the April 9 tragedy 1989 (also known as Tbilisi Massacre, Tbilisi tragedy) when on Rustaveli Avenue, in Tbilisi an anti-Soviet demonstration was dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries, as well as the declaration of independence by Zviad Gamsakhurdia following an independence referendum in March 1991.[59]
Template:Country data Germany German Unity Day Template:Sort 1990 Template:Country data West Germany
Template:Country data East Germany 		It commemorates German reunification in 1990 when the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) were unified.
Template:Country data Ghana Independence Day Template:Sort 1957 Template:Country data United Kingdom On Wednesday, 6 March 1957, when Kwame Nkrumah, the inaugural Prime Minister of Ghana, declared to the people of Ghana about their freedom, he added that, "the African People are capable of managing their own affairs and Ghana our beloved country is free forever." Ghana was the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve its independence from European colonial rule.[60][61]
Template:Country data Greece Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire Declaration of independence 1821. Start of the Greek War of Independence.
Template:Country data Grenada Independence Day Template:Sort 1974 Template:Country data United Kingdom Accession of Sir Eric Gairy as the inaugural Prime Minister of Grenada.[62]
Template:Country data Guatemala Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Act of Independence of Central America.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Guinea Independence Day Template:Sort 1958 Template:Country data France Withdrawal of French authority after the collapse of the Fourth Republic and establishment of the Fifth Republic that led to an overwhelming vote for independence in a referendum in September 1958.[63]
Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau Independence Day Template:Sort 1973 Template:Country data Portugal Declaration of independence in September 1973 during the country's war of liberation, although it wouldn't be formally recognized by Portugal until a year later on 10 September 1974.[64][65]
Template:Country data Guyana Independence Day Template:Sort 1966 Template:Country data United Kingdom The Guyana Independence Act came into effect.[66]
Template:Country data Haiti Independence Day Template:Sort 1804 Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Spain 		Haitian Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Honduras Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Act of Independence of Central America.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Iceland National Day Template:Sort 1944 Template:Country data Denmark Effective date of the dissolution of the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union following the 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum.[67]
Template:Country data India Independence Day (Swatantrata Diwas) Template:Sort 1947 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the Indian Independence Act 1947.Template:Efn
Template:Country data Indonesia Independence Day (Hari Kemerdekaan) Template:Sort 1945 Template:Country data Empire of Japan
Template:Country data Dutch Empire 		Proclamation of Indonesian Independence.
Template:Country data Iraq Independence Day Template:Sort 1932 Template:Country data United Kingdom Iraq joined the League of Nations after gaining formal independence.[68]
Template:Country data Israel Independence Day (Yom Ha'atzmaut) Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Flagicon British Mandate for Palestine 		Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708 in the Hebrew calendar). Yom Ha'atzmaut is celebrated on the Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nearest to 5 Iyar, so it occurs between 3 and 6 Iyar each year; this means that the holiday can fall any time between and including 15 April and 15 May, according to the Gregorian calendar.
Template:Country data Italy Anniversary of the Unification Template:Sort 1861 Template:Country data Austrian Empire The political and social movement that on 17 March 1861 ended in the annexation of various states of the Italian peninsula and its outlying isles to the Kingdom of Sardinia, resulting in the creation of the Kingdom of Italy.

It celebrates the birth of Italy as a modern nation state, which took place following the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. However, the complete unification of Italy took place only in the following years.

Template:Country data Ivory Coast Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July.[16]
Template:Country data Jamaica Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Template:Country data United Kingdom Independence of Jamaica.
Template:Country data Jordan Independence Day Template:Sort 1946 Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Emirate of Transjordan
Template:Flagdeco Mandate for Palestine 		Ascension of Abdullah I of Jordan to the throne.[67]
Template:Country data Kazakhstan Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union The Supreme Soviet of Kazakhstan passed the Constitutional Independence Law of Republic of Kazakhstan, and was the last country to declare independence from the Soviet Union.
Template:Country data Kenya Madaraka Day Template:Sort 1963 Template:Country data United Kingdom Kenya attained internal self rule after being a British colony since 1920.[69]
Jamhuri Day Template:Sort 1963 Jomo Kenyatta was inaugurated as the first President of Kenya.[70]
Template:Country data Kiribati National DayTemplate:Fact Template:Sort 1979 Template:Country data United Kingdom Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a sovereign state in 1979.
Template:Country data North Korea National Liberation Day of Korea (Chogukhaebangŭi nal) Template:Sort 1945 Template:Country data Empire of Japan Liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. See Japanese Occupation of Korea. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was founded in 1948.
Template:Country data South Korea March 1st Movement (Samiljeol) Template:Sort 1919 Korean Declaration of Independence in 1919. This day is celebrated as Samiljeol, or Independence Proclamation Day.
National Liberation Day of Korea (Gwangbokjeol) Template:Sort 1945 Liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. See Japanese Occupation of Korea. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919.
Template:Country data Kosovo Independence Day Template:Sort 2008 Template:Country data Serbia 17 February is celebrated as Independence Day in Kosovo, commemorating the declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008, marking a significant milestone in the nation's history.
Template:Country data Kuwait National Day Template:Sort 1961 Template:Country data United Kingdom Independence actually occurred on 19 June 1961, but celebrate on 25 February each year to honor Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim, who is credited with ending the treaties with Britain and instigating democratic life in Kuwait.
Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan adopted a law on the "Declaration on State Independence of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan".[71]
Template:Country data Latvia Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia (Proklamēšanas diena) Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Template:Country data German Empire 		Proclamation of independence on 18 November 1918. Latvia was part of Russian Empire prior to World War I, but its territory had been ceded to German Empire in March 1918.
Day of Restoration of Independence Template:Sort 1990 Template:Country data Soviet Union On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia.
Template:Country data Lebanon Independence Day Template:Sort 1943 Template:Flagcountry Domestic and international pressure forced France to release the Lebanese prisoners from Rashaya Citadel.[72]
Template:Country data Lesotho Independence Day Template:Sort 1966 Script error: No such module "flag". Name of the country changed from Basutoland to Lesotho.[73]
Template:Country data Liberia Independence Day Template:Sort 1847 Template:Flagicon image American Colonization Society Liberian Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Libya Independence Day Template:Sort 1951 Script error: No such module "flag".
Template:Country data Italy
Template:Country data France 		Independence from Italy on 10 February 1947, released from British and French on 24 December 1951.
Template:Country data Liechtenstein National Day Template:Sort 1866 Template:Country data German Confederation Separation of the country from the German Confederation following the Austro-Prussian War.[74]
Template:Country data Lithuania Statehood Restoration Day (Valstybės atkūrimo diena) Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Template:Country data German Empire 		Act of Independence of Lithuania.
Independence Restoration Day Template:Sort 1990 Template:Country data Soviet Union Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
Template:Country data Madagascar Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Separation of the autonomous Malagasy Republic from the French Community.[75]
Template:Country data Malawi Independence Day Template:Sort 1964 Script error: No such module "flag". Name of the country changed from Nyasaland to Malawi.[76]
Template:Country data Malaysia Independence Day/National Day (Hari Kemerdekaan or Hari Kebangsaan) Template:Sort 1957 Malayan Declaration of Independence.
Malaysia Day (Hari Malaysia) Template:Sort 1965 Proclamation of Malaysia
Template:Country data Maldives National Day 1st of Rabi' al-Awwal, 3rd month of Islamic calendar 1573 Template:Flagicon image Portugal Termination of Portuguese rule in the archipelago following the uprising of Mohamed Thakurufaanu in 1573.[77]
Independence Day Template:Sort 1965 Template:Country data United Kingdom Independence agreement formalized in Ceylon, signed by Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir and High Commissioner Sir Michael Walker.[78]
Template:Country data Mali Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Dissolution of the Mali Federation following secession of Senegal led to the independence of the Sudanese Republic as the Republic of Mali.[79]
Template:Country data Malta Independence Day Template:Sort 1964 Script error: No such module "flag". Malta Independence Act.[80]
Template:Country data Marshall Islands Constitution Day Template:Sort 1979 Template:Country data United States Constitution of the Marshall Islands enacted in force.[81]
Template:Country data Mauritania Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 19 October.[16]
Template:Country data Mauritius Independence Day Template:Sort 1968 Script error: No such module "flag". Constitution of Mauritius enacted in force.[82]
Template:Country data Mexico Independence Day (Día de la Independéncia)
Cry of Dolores (Grito de Dolores) 		Template:Sort 1810 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Start of the Mexican War of Independence.
Template:Country data Micronesia Independence Day Template:Sort 1986 Template:Country data United States Effective date of the Compact of Free Association.
Template:Country data Moldova Independence Day (Ziua Independenței) Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union Moldovan Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Mongolia Independence Day Template:Sort[83] 1911 Template:Country data Qing dynasty[84][85] Independence declared in 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution. However, Mongolian independence was neither recognized by Qing China nor its successor state, the Republic of China. The newly established Bogd Khanate of Mongolia led by the Bogd Khan lasted for 8 years until it was occupied by the Republic of China in 1919, to regain independence not long after.The Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor issued in 1912 provided the legal basis for the Republic of China to inherit all Qing territories, including Mongolia.[86][87][88] The Republic of China later established de facto control over Mongolia in 1919. Mongolia subsequently re-asserted its independence in 1921. During the years of socialism, the value of this historically important day was ignored, but the law of the State Greate Khural of the Republic of Mongolia on 16 August 2007, made 29 December a public holiday, and later enshrined it into law on 23 December 2011, making it a public holiday, the Day of the Restoration of National Freedom and Independence.
Template:Country data Montenegro Independence Day Template:Sort 2006 Template:Country data Serbia and Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum.
Template:Country data Morocco Proclamation of Independence Day Template:Sort 1944 Template:Country data France
Template:Country data Spain 		Proclamation of Independence.
Independence Day Template:Sort 1955 Return of Mohammed V of Morocco from exile.
Template:Country data Mozambique Independence Day
(Dia da Independência Nacional) 		Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Portugal In September 1964 the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) began an armed guerilla campaign against the Portuguese. FRELIMO took control of Maputo in April 1974 in a coup. Independence for Mozambique was officially declared a year later on 25 June 1975.[89]
Template:Country data Myanmar Independence Day (Lwatlautrayynae) Template:Sort 1948 Template:Country data United Kingdom Burmese Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Namibia Independence Day Template:Sort 1990 Template:Country data South Africa The New York Accords signed in December 1988 guaranteed Namibian independence two years later.[90]
Template:Country data Nauru Independence Day Template:Sort 1968 Template:Country data Australia
Template:Country data New Zealand
Template:Country data United Kingdom 		Effective date of the Nauru Independence Act 1967. Also marks the date of the return of the Nauruans from Truk island after the Japanese occupation of Nauru during World War II.[91]
Template:Country data Nicaragua Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spain Act of Independence of Central America.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Niger Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July.[16]
Template:Country data Nigeria Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data United Kingdom Nigeria Independence Act 1960.[92]
Template:Country data North Macedonia Republic Day Template:Sort 1903 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire Republic Day: Recognition of the establishment of the short-lived Kruševo Republic during the Ilinden Uprising.
Independence Day (Den na nezavisnosta) Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Yugoslavia 1991 Macedonian independence referendum.[93]
Template:Country data Norway Constitution Day Template:Sort 1814 Template:Country data Denmark National Day: Independence and the Constitution of Norway (17 May 1814).
Independence Day Template:Sort 1905 Template:Country data Sweden Union Dissolution and Independence Day (7 June 1905).
Template:Country data Pakistan Independence Day (Youm-e-Azadi) Template:Sort 1947 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the Indian Independence Act 1947;Template:Efn[94] see also: Pakistan Day (23 March).
Template:Country data Palau Independence Day Template:Sort 1994 Template:Country data United States 9 July 1980 is Palau's Constitution Day usually commemorated with formal events. Independence Day celebrations are more elaborate and last several days.
Template:Country data Palestine Independence Day Template:Sort 1948 Template:Country data Israel 1948 Palestinian Declaration of Independence on 1 October 1948.
Template:Sort 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence on 15 November 1988.
Template:Country data Panama Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Independence Act of Panama
Separation Day Template:Sort 1903 Template:Country data Colombia Panama was member of Gran Colombia until 1903. The 1903 separation from Colombia is celebrated as an official holiday day on 3 November.
Template:Country data Papua New Guinea Independence Day Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Australia Effective date of the Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975[95]
Template:Country data Paraguay Independence Day Template:Sort 1811 Template:Country data Spanish Empire[96] Revolution of May 14.[97]
Template:Country data Peru Independence Day Template:Sort 1821 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Peruvian independence proclaimed by General José de San Martín.[98]
Template:Country data Philippines Independence Day (Araw ng Kalayaan or Araw ng Kasarinlan) Template:Sort 1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Philippines achieved self-rule from the United States on 4 July 1946, and celebrated 4 July as Independence Day until 1964.[101]
Republic Day Template:Sort 1946 Template:Country data United States Treaty of Manila.[102]
Template:Country data Poland Independence Day (Święto Niepodległości) Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Russian Republic
Template:Country data Austria-Hungary
Template:Country data German Empire 		Restoration of Poland's independence in 1918 after 123 years of partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
Template:Country data Portugal Restoration of Independence Template:Sort 1640 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Portugal was officially an autonomous state, but the country was in a personal union with the Spanish crown from 1580 to 1640 – date of the restoration of full Portuguese autonomy from Iberian Union with Spain.[103]
Template:Country data Qatar National Day Template:Sort 1878 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire On 18 December 1878, Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani succeeded his father, Mohammed bin Thani as ruler of the Qatari Peninsula. He was deemed to have unified all the local tribes by combating external forces, such as the British. He also earned a considerable degree of autonomy for the tribes of the peninsula.[104][105]
Template:Country data Romania National Independence Day
(Script error: No such module "Lang".) 		Template:Sort 1876 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire Romania's declaration of its independence and subsequent victory in the Romanian War of Independence, part of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, against the Ottoman Empire.[106]
Great Union Day
(Ziua Unirii Mare) 		Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Kingdom of Romania
Template:Flagicon image Austrian Bukovina
Template:Flagicon image Hungarian Transylvania
Template:Flagicon image Russian Bessarabia 		Unification of Romania on 1 December 1918
Template:Country data Rwanda Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Template:Country data Belgium Effective date of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1746 terminating the Rwanda-Urundi Trusteeship.[24][25]
Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis Independence Day Template:Sort 1983 Template:Country data United Kingdom Association with the United Kingdom fully terminated.[107]
Template:Country data Saint Lucia Independence Day Template:Sort 1979 Association with the United Kingdom fully terminated.[108]
Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Independence Day Template:Sort 1979 Association with the United Kingdom fully terminated.[109]
Template:Country data Samoa Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Template:Country data New Zealand Named Western Samoa until 1997, it was the first Polynesian nation to be recognized as a sovereign state in the 20th century.[110]
Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe Independence Day Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Portugal Effective date of the agreement with Portugal reached on 26 November 1974.[111][112]
Template:Country data Senegal Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France Transfer of power agreement signed between the Mali Federation and France.[113]
Template:Country data Serbia Statehood Day Template:Sort 1804 and 1835 Template:Country data Ottoman Empire Outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising in 1804, which evolved into a Serbian Revolution; the adoption of the first modern constitution in 1835.
Template:Country data Seychelles Independence Day Template:Sort 1976 Template:Country data United Kingdom Sir James R. Mancham became the country's first President, with France-Albert René as Prime Minister.[114]
Template:Country data Sierra Leone Independence Day Template:Sort 1961 On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961.[115][116]
Template:Country data Singapore National Day (Hari Kebangsaan) Template:Sort 1965 Template:Country data Malaysia Proclamation of Singapore.
Template:Country data Slovakia Independence Day Template:Sort 1918 Template:Country data Austria-Hungary Independence declaration by the Czechoslovak National Council.[117]
Independence Day Template:Sort 1992 Template:Flagdeco Czechoslovakia Declaration of Independence in 1992 (only a remembrance day), de jure independence came on 1 January 1993, after the division of Czechoslovakia (public holiday).
Restoration Day Template:Sort 1993 Template:Country data Czechoslovakia Effective date of the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia.[50]
Template:Country data Slovenia Statehood Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Yugoslavia Date of Slovenia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.
Independence and Unity Day Template:Sort 1990 Template:Country data Yugoslavia Date of the release of the official results of the independence plebiscite in 1990, confirming secession from Yugoslavia.
Template:Country data Solomon Islands Independence Day Template:Sort 1978 Template:Country data United Kingdom Solomon Islands Act 1978.[118]
Template:Country data Somalia Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data Italy 		British Somaliland gained independence from the United Kingdom, although Italian Somaliland wouldn't do so from Italy until five days later.[119]
Republic Day Template:Sort 1960 The former Italian and British Somalilands unified as the Somali Republic on 1 July 1960.[120]
Template:Country data Sri Lanka Independence Day (Jātika Dinaya) Template:Sort 1948 Template:Country data United Kingdom Celebrates to commemorate the country's political independence from British rule in 1948.[121] Event celebrated annually.
Template:Country data Sudan Independence Day Template:Sort 1956 Script error: No such module "flag".
Template:Country data Egypt 		A polling process was carried out resulting in the composition of a democratic parliament and Ismail al-Azhari was elected first Prime Minister and led the first modern Sudanese government. On 1 January 1956, in a special ceremony held at the People's Palace, the Egyptian and British flags were lowered and the new Sudanese flag, composed of green, blue and yellow stripes, was raised in their place by the prime minister Ismail al-Azhari.[122]
Template:Country data South Sudan Independence Day Template:Sort 2011 Template:Country data Sudan The 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum resulted in an overwhelming 98.3% vote in favor of independence, with well over 60% turnout. The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July 2011.[123][124]
Template:Country data Suriname Independence Day (Srefidensi) Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Dutch Empire Under the left-wing pro-independence Den Uyl cabinet Suriname gained independence, albeit with substantial Dutch foreign aid.[125]
Template:Country data Switzerland National Day Template:Sort 1291 Template:Country data Holy Roman Empire Alliance against the Holy Roman Empire in 1291.
Template:Country data Sweden National Day Template:Sort 1523 Template:Country data Kalmar Union Celebrates the election of King Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the new constitutions in 1809 and 1974. The election of King Gustav Vasa was the de facto end of the Kalmar Union.[126]
Template:Country data Syria Independence Day Template:Sort 1946 Template:Flagcountry End of the French Mandate of Syria in 1946.
Template:Country data Tajikistan Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union On 9 September 1991, at the session Supreme Soviet, a Resolution and Declaration "On State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan" was adopted, being formally signed by acting president Qadriddin Aslonov.[127][128]
Template:Country data Tanzania Independence Day Template:Sort 1961 Template:Country data United Kingdom Independence as Tanganyika.
Template:Country data Timor-Leste Proclamation of Independence Day Template:Sort 1975 Template:Country data Portugal East Timor Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the Portuguese rule in 1975.
Independence Restoration Day Template:Sort 2002 Template:Country data Indonesia Timorese independence from Indonesian and United Nations administration in 2002.
Template:Country data Togo Independence Day Template:Sort 1960 Template:Country data France On 13 October 1958 the French government announced that full independence would be granted. On 14 November 1958 the United Nations’ General Assembly took note of the French government's declaration according to which Togo which was under French administration would gain independence in 1960, thus marking an end to the trusteeship period. On 5 December 1959 the United Nations’ General Assembly resolved that the UN Trusteeship Agreement with France for Cameroon would end when Togo became independent on 27 April 1960.[129][130][131]
Liberation Day Template:Sort 1963 A military coup on 13 January 1963 led to the assassination of President Sylvanus Olympio by a group of soldiers under the direction of Sergeant Gnassingbé Eyadéma.[132]
Template:Country data Tonga Emancipation Day Template:Sort 1970 Template:Country data United Kingdom Termination of protectorate status in 1970.
Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Effective date of the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962.
Template:Country data Tunisia Independence Day Template:Sort 1956 Template:Country data France Termination of the Treaty of Bardo and signing of the Franco-Tunisian protocol led to the relinquishment of French authority over the country.[133]
Template:Country data Turkmenistan Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union[134] Saparmurat Niyazov was elected as the inaugural President of Turkmenistan.[135]
Template:Country data Tuvalu Independence Day Template:Sort 1978 Template:Country data United Kingdom Toaripi Lauti became the inaugural Tuvaluan prime minister.[136]
Template:Country data Uganda Independence Day Template:Sort 1962 Template:Country data United Kingdom Initially a Commonwealth realm, the country would become a republic one year later.[137]
Template:Country data Ukraine Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
Day of Unity (Den Sobornosti) Template:Sort 1919 Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Austria-Hungary 		Unification of Ukraine on 22 January 1919.[138]
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates National Day Template:Sort 1971 Template:Country data United Kingdom Merger of six emirates in the Persian Gulf (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, and Umm Al Quwain) into a federal union.[139]
Template:Country data United States Independence Day or Fourth of July Template:Sort 1776 Template:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain United States Declaration of Independence
Template:Country data Uruguay Independence Day Template:Sort 1825 Template:Country data Empire of Brazil Declaration of independence and union with the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
Template:Country data Uzbekistan Independence Day Template:Sort 1991 Template:Country data Soviet Union Independence was declared in the same month as the failed coup attempt in Moscow.[140]
Template:Country data Vanuatu Independence Day Template:Sort 1980 Template:Country data United Kingdom
Template:Country data France 		Name of the country changed from the New Hebrides to Vanuatu.[141]
Template:Country data Vatican City Lateran Treaty Day Template:Sort 1929 Template:Country data Kingdom of Italy Lateran Treaty establishing Vatican City as an independent state
Template:Country data Venezuela Independence Day Template:Sort 1811 Template:Country data Spanish Empire Venezuelan Declaration of Independence.
Template:Country data Vietnam National Day (Ngày Quốc Khánh) Template:Sort 1945 Template:Country data Empire of Japan
Template:Country data France 		Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Template:Country data Yemen Independence Day Template:Sort 1967 Template:Country data United Kingdom Declaration of Independence of the South Yemen
Template:Country data Zambia Independence Day Template:Sort 1964 Template:Country data United Kingdom Effective date of the Zambia Independence Act 1964.
Template:Country data Zimbabwe Independence Day Template:Sort 1980 Template:Country data United Kingdom Granting of independence by the United Kingdom in 1980

Gallery

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Notes

Template:Notelist

External links

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p322 Template:ISBN
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  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Facts and Figures Government of Kenya, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (Accessed 1 June 2011)
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ www.lgic.org, (1920-1943) Mandate Period and Independence. URL accessed 7 June 2008.
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ National Day Liechtenstein. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
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  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Xiaoyuan Liu – Reins of Liberation, p.6
  84. ↑ Stephen Kotkin, Bruce A. Elleman – Mongolia in the twentieth century: landlocked cosmopolitan, p.74
  85. ↑ David Sneath – The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia, p.36
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Nigeria Independence Act 1960, 8 & 9 Eliz. 2 c.55
  93. ↑ Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook, p.Template:Nbsp1278 Template:ISBN
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Paraguay independence
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ In 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal signed a proclamation which declared Tuesday, 12 June 1962 as a special public holiday in commemoration of the declaration of independence from Spain on that date in 1898. That proclamation did not move the date of the Independence Day holiday in the Philippines.[99] The date of the holiday was moved in 1964, with the signing of Republic Act No. 4166.[100]
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  103. ↑ The country's original independence (from the Kingdom of León) occurred on 24 June 1128 (Battle of São Mamede) and was recognized on 5 October 1143. That day is a holiday in Portugal, but for a different reason. (Implantation of the Republic, or Republic Day. Event of 1910.) Note that none of these events is similar to today's declarations or recognition of independence as these are in fact the recognition of the rule of a king to the land. Portugal existed as a separate entity before 1143 and during the union with Spain between 1580 and 1640.
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  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Section 1 of the Solomon Islands Act 1978
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Victor Silvera, « Réflexions sur la crise des rapports franco-tunisiens », Politique étrangère, vol. 23, No. 2, 1958, Template:P.
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Lubin, Nancy. "Independence". A Country Study: Uzbekistan Template:Webarchive (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (March 1996). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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