Hybotidae
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Hybotidae, the typical dance flies, are a family of true flies. They belong to the superfamily Empidoidea and were formerly included in the Empididae as a subfamily.
Some, such as Tachydromia, are predators that run around on the bark of trees in complex patterns, hence the common name. Tachydromia species are only about three millimeters long.
Description
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Hybotidae share some similarities with the family Dolichopodidae, when looking at rotation of genitalia and wing characteristics. Male terminalia are rotated dextrally between 45° and 90°, excluding segment 7. Hybotidae wings always have a simple R4+5 vein, where the costa either ends near or at M1/M1+2, or near or at R4+5/R5. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from Dolichopodidae by the point of vein Rs, which it at a distance from the humeral crossvein (h) equal to or longer than the length of h.[1]
Systematics
The Hybotidae clearly form a lineage quite distinct from the Empididae. Among the Empidoidea, they represent a lineage more basal than the main radiation of Empididae and Dolichopodidae, though they are not as ancient as the genera placed in the Atelestidae.[2][3]
By and large, the Hybotidae are monophyletic. Among its subfamilies, the Hybotinae and Tachydromiinae certainly represent clades. The status of the Ocydromiinae as a natural group is less clear, in particular whether the Trichininae should be included as tribe Trichinini or even in the Bicellariini[4] or Oedaleini,[5] or whether they are more distinct and warrant recognition as a separate subfamily.[2]
Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,[1] the relationship between Hybotidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Hybotidae is emphasized in bold formatting.
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Systematic list
Template:Expand list The subfamilies with their tribes and selected genera are:[3][6][7]
- Acarterus Loew, 1858
- Afrohybos Smith, 1967
- Ceratohybos Bezzi
- Chillcottomyia Saigusa, 1986
- Euhybus Coquillett, 1895
- †Eternia Martins-Neto et al. 1992 Tremembé Formation, Brazil, Chattian
- Hybos Meigen, 1803
- Lactistomyia Melander, 1902
- Lamachella Melander, 1928
- Neohybos Ale-Rocha & Carvalho, 2003
- Parahybos Kertész, 1899
- †Pseudoacarterus Waters 1989 Orapa, Botswana, Turonian
- Smithybos Ale-Rocha, 2000
- Stenoproctus Loew, 1858
- Syndyas Loew, 1857
- Syneches Walker, 1852
- †Syneproctus Solórzano-Kraemer et al. 2020 Dominican amber, Miocene
- Tribe Bicellariini Sinclair & Cumming, 2006[9]
- Tribe Ocydromiini
- Leptodromiella Tuomikoski, 1936
- Leptopeza Macquart, 1834
- Ocydromia Meigen, 1820
- Oropezella Collin, 1926
- Tribe Oedaleini Chvála, 1983
- Allanthalia Melander, 1927
- Anthalia Zetterstedt, 1838
- Euthyneura Macquart, 1836
- Oedalea Meigen, 1820
- †Ecommocydromia Schlüter 1978 Bezonnais amber, France, Cenomanian
- †Pouillonhybos Ngô-Muller et al. 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Trichininae (often included in Ocydromiinae)
- Trichina Meigen, 1830[10]
- Trichinomyia Tuomikoski, 1959[11]
- Tribe Symballophthalmini Bradley, Sinclair & Cumming, 2006
- Symballophthalmus Becker[12], 1889
- Tribe Drapetini Collin, 1961
- Allodromia Smith, 1962
- Atodrapetis Plant, 1997
- Austrodrapetis Smith, 1964
- Austrodromia Collin, 1961
- Chaetodromia Chillcott & Teskey, 1983
- Chersodromia Haliday in Walker, 1851
- Crossopalpus Bigot, 1857
- Drapetis Meigen, 1822
- Dusmetina Gil Collado, 1930
- Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827[13][14]
- Isodrapetis Collin, 1961
- Megagrapha Melander, 1928
- Micrempis Melander, 1928
- Nanodromia Grootaert, 1994
- Ngaheremyia Plant & Didham, 2006
- Pontodromia Grootaert, 1994
- Sinodrapetis Yang, Gaimari & Grootaert, 2004
- Stilpon Loew, 1859
- Tribe Tachydromiini
- Charadrodromia Melander, 1928
- Dysaletria Loew, 1864[15]
- Pieltainia Arias, 1919[16]
- Platypalpus Macquart, 1827
- Tachydromia Meigen, 1803
- Tachyempis Melander, 1928
- Tachypeza Meigen, 1830
- †Archaeodrapetiops Martins-Neto et al. 1992 Tremembé Formation, Brazil, Chattian
- †Cretoplatypalpus Kovalev 1978 Taimyr amber, Russia, Santonian, Canadian amber, Campanian
- †Electrocyrtoma Cockerell 1917 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- †Mesoplatypalpus Grimaldi and Cumming 1999 Canadian amber, Campanian
Incertae sedis
- †Trichinites Hennig 1970 Lebanese amber, Barremian
References
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External links
- Template:Sister-inline
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- Family description Template:Webarchive
- Images at Diptera.info
- [1] Key to UK genera