Hummay
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Hummay (Hummay bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl), also referred to as Umme, Houmé or Hume, was the mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1085–1097.[1][2]
Life
Hummay is considered to be the founder of a new dynastic line in Kanem, the Sayfawa dynasty.[3] Although he was of Kanembu origin,[4] Hummay and his dynasty claimed descent from a Yemeni noble named Saif ibn Dhi Yazan. other African dynasties of this time sometimes made similar claims to Arab origin as a source of prestige.[3]
Despite being seen as establishing a new dynasty, later sources indicate that Hummay was the son of his predecessor, Abd al-Jalil I[5][6] and Abd al-Jalil's consort Tigiram.[6] The "dynastic shift" has sometimes been attributed to religion, with Hummay perhaps being the empire's first Muslim ruler.[5] This is incorrect, however, since both Abd al-Jalil and Abd al-Jalil's predecessor Hu were Muslim.[3] The spread of Islam during Hummay's reign apparently provoked some dissension in the empire, which caused the Toubou people to break from imperial rule and move east.[7]
Hummay's consort was named Kinta[6] and was of Toubou origin.[8] Hummay is said to have performed the Hajj twice. He died in Egypt during his third voyage, while accompanied by his son and successor Dunama I Umemi.[7]
References
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