Howard da Silva

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Howard da Silva (born Howard Silverblatt, May 4, 1909 – February 16, 1986) was an American actor, director and musical performer on stage, film, television and radio. He was cast in dozens of productions on the New York stage, appeared in more than two dozen television programs, and acted in more than fifty feature films. Adept at both drama and musicals on the stage, he originated the role of Jud Fry in the original 1943 run of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma!, and also portrayed the prosecuting attorney in the 1957 stage production of Compulsion. Da Silva was nominated for a 1960 Tony Award as Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his work in Fiorello!, a musical about New York City mayor LaGuardia.[1] In 1961, da Silva directed Purlie Victorious, by Ossie Davis.

Many of his early feature films were of the noir genre in which he often played villains, such as Eddie Harwood in The Blue Dahlia and the sadistic Captain Francis Thompson in Two Years Before the Mast (both 1946). Da Silva's performances as historic figures are among some of his most notable work: he was Lincoln's brawling friend Jack Armstrong in both play (1939) and film (1940) versions of Abe Lincoln in Illinois written by Robert Sherwood; Benjamin Franklin in the 1969–1972 stage musical 1776 and a reprisal of the role for the 1972 film version of the production; Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in The Missiles of October (1974); Franklin D. Roosevelt in The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977); and Louis B. Mayer in Mommie Dearest (1981).

Da Silva's American television character work included the defense attorney representing the robot in The Outer Limits episode "I, Robot" (1964), and district attorney Anthony Cleese in For the People (1965). For his performance as Eddie in the Great Performances production of Verna: USO Girl (1978), the actor received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special.[2]

In the 1970s, da Silva appeared in 26 episodes of the radio series the CBS Radio Mystery Theater.

Early life

Da Silva was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bertha (née Sen) and Benjamin Silverblatt, a dress cutter. His parents were both immigrants, Yiddish-speaking Jews born in the Russian Empire. His mother was a women's-rights activist.[3] Before beginning his acting career on the stage, he was employed as a steelworker.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Da Silva was a graduate of the Carnegie Institute of Technology. He studied acting with Eva Le Gallienne beginning in 1928 at the Civic Repertory Theatre.[3] He changed his surname for acting purposes, adopting the Portuguese Da Silva (his name is sometimes misspelled Howard De Silva).[4]

Career

File:Cradle-Mercury-1.jpg
Marc Blitzstein, Howard Da Silva and Olive Stanton in the Mercury Theatre production of The Cradle Will Rock (1938)

Da Silva appeared in a number of Broadway musicals, including the role of Larry Foreman in the legendary first production of Marc Blitzstein's musical The Cradle Will Rock (1938).[5] Later, he costarred in the original 1943 stage production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma!, playing the role of the psychopathic Jud Fry. He was the easygoing Ben Marino who opposed Tammany Hall in the Pulitzer winning musical Fiorello!.

File:Nixon 1776 play C3006-34.jpg
Da Silva and other cast members of 1776 with Richard Nixon following a performance of the Tony Award-winning musical in the East Room of the White House (1971)

In 1969, da Silva originated the role of Benjamin Franklin in the musical 1776. Four days before the show opened on Broadway, he suffered a minor heart attack but refused to seek medical assistance because he wanted to make sure critics saw his performance. After the four official critic performances were over, the cast left to go to the cast party and da Silva went to the hospital and immediately took a leave of absence from the production.[6] While da Silva recuperated, his understudy, Rex Everhart, took over the role[7] and performed on the cast recording. Da Silva was able to reprise his role in the 1972 film version and appeared on that soundtrack album.

Da Silva did summer stock at the Pine Brook Country Club, located in the countryside of Nichols, Connecticut, with the Group Theatre (New York) formed by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford and Lee Strasberg in the 1930s and early 1940s.[8][9]

Da Silva appeared in over 60 motion pictures. Some of his memorable roles include a leading mutineer in The Sea Wolf (1941), Ray Milland's bartender in The Lost Weekend (1945), and the half-blind criminal "Chicamaw 'One-Eye' Mobley" in They Live by Night (1949). He also released an album on Monitor Records (MP 595) of political songs and ballads entitled Politics and Poker.[10]

Da Silva returned to the stage, and he was nominated for the 1960 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his role as "Ben Marino" in Fiorello! (1959). After being blacklisted, da Silva and Nelson left Los Angeles for New York to perform in The World of Sholom Aleichem.[11]

Da Silva was nominated for the British BAFTA Film Award for Best Foreign Actor for his performance as Dr. Swinford in David and Lisa (1962).[12] Da Silva portrayed Soviet Premier Khrushchev in the television docudrama The Missiles of October (1974). He won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special for his role as Eddie in Verna: U.S.O. Girl (1978) with Sissy Spacek.

Da Silva's TV guest appearances, after the era in which blacklisting was strongest, include such programs as The Outer Limits, Ben Casey, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Fugitive, Gentle Ben, Mannix, Love, American Style, Kung Fu, and Archie Bunker's Place.

Da Silva also played President Franklin D. Roosevelt in The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977), Hollywood mogul Louis B. Mayer in Mommie Dearest (1981), and American statesman Benjamin Franklin in both 1776 (1972) and a documentary depicting the life of Ben Franklin shown at Franklin's house in Philadelphia, as well as in a television commercial for Consolidated Edison. He appeared in two different film adaptations of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby. In the 1949 production with Alan Ladd as Gatsby, da Silva played garage owner George Wilson; in the 1974 film with Robert Redford, da Silva was Meyer Wolfsheim, the flamboyant gambler with the interesting cufflinks. In his final appearance on screen, da Silva played a New York photographer fascinated with the reclusive Greta Garbo in the film Garbo Talks (1984), directed by Sidney Lumet.

He also did voice acting in 26 episodes of the popular 1974–82 radio thriller series CBS Radio Mystery Theater (between July 1974 and February 1977).[13] In 1978, he recorded linking narration for episodes of the British television program Doctor Who broadcast in the United States.

Blacklisting

Da Silva became one of hundreds of artists blacklisted in the entertainment industry during the House Committee on Unamerican Activities investigation into alleged Communist influence in the industry. Following his March 1951 testimony, in which he repeatedly invoked his Fifth Amendment rights,[14] his lead performance in the completed feature film Slaughter Trail was re-shot with actor Brian Donlevy.[15] Da Silva continued to find work on the New York stage, but did not work in feature films again until 1961 when he appeared in David and Lisa (a BAFTA-nominated performance).[12][16] He was eventually cleared of any charges in 1960,[17] but not before his career in television had also stalled, with no work between 1951 and 1959 when he appeared in The Play of the Week. The brief respite was followed by another television career void until his appearance in a 1963 episode of The Defenders. That was the beginning of the end of da Silva's blacklist, and the show's producer Herb Brodkin paired da Silva with William Shatner when he created the television series For the People.[18]

Personal life and death

Da Silva's first wife was Evelyn Horowitz. They were married on August 13, 1930, in Manhattan, New York City.[19]

His second wife was stage actress Jane Louise Taylor, born in 1913 in New York.[20] They were married in January 1941 in Yuma, Arizona, and had one son.[21][22] They were divorced on July 28, 1948, in Los Angeles, California.[23]

His third wife was actress Marjorie Nelson; they were married on August 19, 1950, in Hollywood, California.[24][25] Da Silva and Nelson had two daughters and were divorced on May 9, 1961, in Juárez, Mexico.[26]

His fourth wife was Nancy Nutter; they were married in May or June 1961 in Greenwich, England.[27]

Da Silva died of lymphoma, aged 76, in Ossining, New York.[3]

Acting credits

Stage

Opening date Closing date Title Role Theatre Notes Refs
Apr 21, 1930 May 1930 Romeo and Juliet Apothecary Civic Repertory Theatre [28]
Oct 6, 1930 unknown Script error: No such module "sort". Scaevola Civic Repertory Theatre Written in 1899 by Arthur Schnitzler as Der grüne Kakadu [29]
Oct 6, 1930 Nov 1930 Romeo and Juliet Apothecary Civic Repertory Theatre [30]
Oct 20, 1930 Nov 1930 Siegfried Mr. Patchkoffer, Schumann Civic Repertory Theatre Written by Jean Giraudoux; adaptation by Philip Carr [31]
Dec 1, 1930 Jan 1931 Alison's House Hodges Civic Repertory Theatre Written by Susan Glaspell [32]
Jan 26, 1931 Mar 1931 Script error: No such module "sort". Guest Civic Repertory Theatre Written by Alexandre Dumas, fils; translation by Henriette Metcalf [33]
May 11, 1931 May 31, 1931 Alison's House Hodges Ritz Theatre Written by Susan Glaspell [34]
Oct 26, 1932 Oct 1932 Liliom Wolf Beifeld Civic Repertory Theatre Written by Ferenc Molnár; adaptation by Benjamin Glazer [35]
Nov 14, 1932 Nov 1932 Dear Jane Dr. Samuel Johnson Civic Repertory Theatre Written by Eleanor Holmes Hinkley [36]
Dec 12, 1932 Dec 1933 Alice in Wonderland Cook, White Knight Civic Repertory Theatre Based on the Lewis Carroll books; written by Florida Friebus and Eva Le Gallienne [37]
March 6, 1933 April 1933 Script error: No such module "sort". Stationmaster New Amsterdam Theatre Written by Anton Chekhov; translation by Constance Garnett [38]
Dec 10, 1934 Mar 1935 Sailors of Cattaro Sepp Kriz Civic Repertory Theatre From the 1930 German work Die Matrosen von Cattaro by Friedrich Wolf; translation by Keen Wallis; adaptation by Michael Blankfort [39]
Mar 20, 1935 June 1935 Black Pitt Hansy McCulloh Civic Repertory Theatre Written by Albert Maltz [40]
Nov 4, 1937 June 1938 Golden Boy Lewis Belasco Theatre Written by Clifford Odets [41]
Jan 3, 1938 April 1938 Script error: No such module "sort". Larry Foreman Windsor Theatre Written by Marc Blitzstein [5][42]
Feb 19, 1938 May 1938 Casey Jones Old Man Fulton Theatre Written by Robert Ardrey [43]
Oct 15, 1938 Dec 1939 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Jack Armstrong Plymouth Theatre Written by Robert E. Sherwood [44]
Nov 2, 1939 Nov 4, 1939 Summer Night Speed St. James Theatre Written by Benjamin Glazer and Vicki Baum [45]
Jan 22, 1940 Apr 13, 1940 Two On An Island The Sightseeing Guide Broadhurst Theatre Written by Elmer Rice [46]
Jan 22, May 31, 1943 May 29, 1948 Oklahoma! Jud Fry St. James Theatre Written by Rodgers and Hammerstein [47][48]
April 9, 1946 Shootin' Star Saloon proprietor, sheriff Shubert Theatre, Philadelphia Written by Walter Hart and Louis Jacobs [49]
Dec 26, 1947 Feb 7, 1948 Script error: No such module "sort". (directed) Mansfield Theatre, Broadway Theatre Written by Marc Blitzstein [5][50]
Oct 18, 1950 Oct 28, 1950 Burning Bright Friend Ed Broadhurst Theatre Written by John Steinbeck [51]
Nov 23, 1954 Jan 2, 1955 Sandhog (produced) Phoenix Theatre Written by Earl Robinson and Waldo Salt, based on St. Columbia and the River by Theodore Dreiser. Rachel Productions was owned by da Silva and Arnold Perl. [52]
Nov 4, 1956 Nov 25, 1956 Diary of a Scoundrel Neel Fedoseitch Mamaev Phoenix Theatre Written by Alexander Ostrovsky; adapted by Rodney Ackland [53]
Oct 24, 1957 Feb 22, 1958 Compulsion Horn The Prosecuting Attorney Ambassador Theatre Based on the 1956 Meyer Levin novel of the same name; later produced as the 1959 film Compulsion. [54]
Nov 23, 1959 Oct 28, 1961 Fiorello! Ben Marino Broadhurst Theatre, Broadway Theatre Based on the book by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott; da Silva nominated for 1960 Tony Award Best Featured Actor in a Musical [55][56]
Sept 28, 1961 May 13, 1962 Purlie Victorious (directed) Cort Theatre, Longacre Theatre Written by Ossie Davis [57][58]
Jan 10, 1962 Mar 10, 1962 Romulus Ottaker Music Box Theatre Written by Friedrich Duerrenmatt; adapted by Gore Vidal [59]
Dec 12, 1962 Dec 15, 1962 In the Counting House Max Hartman Biltmore Theater Written by Leslie Weiner [60]
Feb 28, 1963 Jul 10, 1963 Dear Me, The Sky is Falling Paul Hirsch Music Box Theatre Written by Leonard Spigelgass, based on the book by Gertrude Berg and James Yaffe [61]
Oct 14, 1963 Oct 19, 1963 Script error: No such module "sort". (directed) ANTA Playhouse Written by Robert Noah [62]
Nov 8, 1964 Jan 7, 1965 Script error: No such module "sort". (directed) Theatre Four Written by Marc Blitzstein [5][63]
Nov 10, 1965 Apr 16, 1966 Script error: No such module "sort". (writer) Cort Theatre Original story by Dan Jacobson; book adaptation by Howard da Silva and Felix Leon [64][65]
Dec 06, 1966 Dec 31, 1966 My Sweet Charlie (directed) Longacre Theatre Written by David Westheimer [66]
May 5, 1966 May 29, 1966 Galileo Galilei (guest directed) Goodman Theater Written by Bertolt Brecht Featuring Morris Carnovsky [67]
Jul 06, 1967 Nov 12, 1967 Script error: No such module "sort". Archbishop Vivian Beaumont Theater, George Abbott Theater Written by Peter Ustinov [68]
Mar 16, 1969 Feb 13, 1972 1776 Benjamin Franklin 46th Street Theatre, St. James Theatre, Majestic Theatre Based on a book by Peter Stone; adapted by Sherman Edwards [69][70]
Feb 11, 1982 Feb 28, 1982 Script error: No such module "sort". (conceived) Rialto Theatre Conceived by Howard da Silva and Arnold Perl; written by Perl. [71][72]

Film

Year Title Role Director Other cast members Notes Refs.
1935 Once in a Blue Moon Ben Hecht, Charles MacArthur Jimmy Savo Uncredited [73]
1938 Marie Antoinette Toulon Script error: No such module "sort". Norma Shearer, John Barrymore Uncredited
1940 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Jack Armstrong Script error: No such module "sort". Raymond Massey, Ruth Gordon [74]
I'm Still Alive Red Garvey Script error: No such module "sort". Kent Taylor, Linda Hayes [75]
1941 Script error: No such module "sort". Foster Script error: No such module "sort". Barbara Pepper Short film
Script error: No such module "sort". Harrison Script error: No such module "sort". Edward G. Robinson, Ida Lupino, John Garfield [76]
Strange Alibi Monson Script error: No such module "sort". Arthur Kennedy, Joan Perry [77]
Sergeant York Lem Howard Hawks Gary Cooper [78]
Bad Men of Missouri Greg Bilson Script error: No such module "sort". Dennis Morgan, Jane Wyman [79]
Three Sons o' Guns Radio announcer Script error: No such module "sort". Wayne Morris Uncredited
Navy Blues Petty Officer Script error: No such module "sort". Ann Sheridan, Jack Oakie, Martha Raye, Jack Haley Uncredited [80]
Nine Lives Are Not Enough J.B. Murray – City Editor Script error: No such module "sort". Ronald Reagan [81]
Blues in the Night Sam Paryas Script error: No such module "sort". Richard Whorf, Priscilla Lane, Betty Field [82]
At the Stroke of Twelve Angie the Ox Script error: No such module "sort". Craig Stevens Short film
Steel Against the Sky Bugs Little Script error: No such module "sort". Alexis Smith, Lloyd Nolan [83]
1942 Wild Bill Hickok Rides Ringo Script error: No such module "sort". Constance Bennett, Bruce Cabot [84]
Bullet Scars Frank Dillon Script error: No such module "sort". Regis Toomey [85]
Juke Girl Cully Script error: No such module "sort". Ann Sheridan, Ronald Reagan [86]
Script error: No such module "sort". Sandor Script error: No such module "sort". Humphrey Bogart [87]
Script error: No such module "sort". Ben Santley Script error: No such module "sort". James Craig [88]
Reunion in France Anton Stregel Script error: No such module "sort". Joan Crawford, John Wayne [89]
Native Land Jim Leo Hurwitz, Paul Strand Paul Robeson Documentary [90]
1943 Keeper of the Flame Jason Rickards Script error: No such module "sort". Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn [91]
Tonight We Raid Calais Sgt. Block Script error: No such module "sort". Lee J. Cobb, Beulah Bondi [92]
1945 Duffy's Tavern Tough guy Script error: No such module "sort". Ed Gardner, Bing Crosby [93]
Script error: No such module "sort". Nat Script error: No such module "sort". Ray Milland [94]
1946 Script error: No such module "sort". Eddie Harwood Script error: No such module "sort". Alan Ladd, Veronica Lake [95]
Two Years Before the Mast Captain Francis A. Thompson Script error: No such module "sort". Brian Donlevy, Barry Fitzgerald [96]
1947 Blaze of Noon Mike Gafferty Script error: No such module "sort". Anne Baxter, William Holden [97]
Variety Girl Himself Script error: No such module "sort". DeForest Kelley, Olga San Juan [98]
Unconquered Martin Garth Script error: No such module "sort". Gary Cooper, Paulette Goddard [99]
1948 They Live by Night Chickamaw Script error: No such module "sort". Farley Granger [100]
1949 Script error: No such module "sort". Wilson Script error: No such module "sort". Alan Ladd [101]
Border Incident Owen Parkson Script error: No such module "sort". Ricardo Montalbán, George Murphy [102]
1950 Script error: No such module "sort". Carl Durham Script error: No such module "sort". Dan Duryea, Gale Storm [103]
Wyoming Mail Cavanaugh Script error: No such module "sort". Stephen McNally [104]
Tripoli Capt. Demetrios Script error: No such module "sort". Maureen O'Hara [105]
Three Husbands Dan McCabe Script error: No such module "sort". Eve Arden [106]
1951 Fourteen Hours Deputy Police Chief Moskar Henry Hathaway Richard Basehart [107]
Slaughter Trail Capt. Dempster Script error: No such module "sort". Gig Young, Virginia Grey his footage reshot
w/ different actor 		[15]
M Inspector Carney Joseph Losey David Wayne [108]
1962 David and Lisa Dr. Alan Swinford Script error: No such module "sort". Keir Dullea, Janet Margolin [109]
1964 Script error: No such module "sort". Prospector Script error: No such module "sort". Paul Newman, Laurence Harvey, Claire Bloom [110]
Hamlet Claudius Bruce Minnix, Joseph Papp Michael Alaimo [111]
1966 Nevada Smith Warden Henry Hathaway Steve McQueen [112]
1972 1776 Dr. Benjamin Franklin (PA) Script error: No such module "sort". William Daniels, Blythe Danner, Ken Howard [113]
1974 Script error: No such module "sort". Meyer Wolfsheim Script error: No such module "sort". Robert Redford, Mia Farrow [114]
1975 I'm a Stranger Here Myself Narrator Script error: No such module "sort". John Houseman [115]
1976 Hollywood on Trial Himself Script error: No such module "sort". Dalton Trumbo, Ring Lardner Jr., Walter Bernstein [116]
1977 Script error: No such module "sort". Franklin D. Roosevelt Script error: No such module "sort". Broderick Crawford, Celeste Holm, José Ferrer [117]
1981 Mommie Dearest Louis B. Mayer Frank Perry Faye Dunaway [118]
1984 Garbo Talks Angelo Dokakis Script error: No such module "sort". Greta Garbo, Anne Bancroft, Ron Silver [119]

Television

Year Title Role Notes Refs.
1950 Script error: No such module "sort". My Heart's in the Highlands [120]
1951 Script error: No such module "sort". My Heart's in the Highlands
1959 Script error: No such module "sort". Dupont-Dufour Sr. Thieves Carnival
1963 Script error: No such module "sort". Peter Cole The Bagman
East Side/West Side Wallace Mapes I Believe E Except After C [121]
Script error: No such module "sort". Dr. McClendon Disaster Call
1964 Script error: No such module "sort". Arnold Fermuller The Man Who
Script error: No such module "sort". Thurman Cutler I, Robot [122]
1965 For the People Anthony Celese 13 episodes [123]
Ben Casey Ulysses Pagoras The Day They Stole Country General
Ben Casey Cantor Nathan Birmbaum A Nightingale Named Nathan [124]
1966 Script error: No such module "sort". Captain Basil Calhoun The Foreign Legion Affair [125]
Script error: No such module "sort". Gonzales To Hang a Dead Man
Script error: No such module "sort". Pete Dawes Death is the Door Prize [126]
1967 N.Y.P.D. Dimitchik Old Gangsters Never Die
Gentle Ben Phillip Garrett Battle of Wedlow Woods [127]
1968 Mannix Aram Karmalis You Can Get Killed Out There
1972 Keep the Faith Rabbi Mossman TV film [128]
1973 Love, American Style Doctor Wazanskyi Love and the End of the Line
Kung Fu Otto Schultz The Hoots
1974 Smile Jenny, You're Dead Lt. Humphrey Kenner TV film [111]
Script error: No such module "sort". Nikita Khrushchev TV film [111]
1976 Script error: No such module "sort". William M Tweed Stop, Thief! [129]
1977 Insight Arnstein – Violinist Arnstein's Miracle
1978 When the Boat Comes In Host American broadcast
Great Performances Eddie Verna:USO Girl [111]
1980 Power Jack Eisenstadt TV film [111]
Script error: No such module "sort". Conklin TV film [130]
1983 Archie Bunker's Place Abe Rabinowitz The Promotion [131]
Masquerade General Breznin Pilot [132]
1984 American Playhouse Critic The Cafeteria [133]

Doctor Who

Howard da Silva provided linking narration for North American broadcasts of Doctor Who, providing continuity announcements for episodes from season 12 through season 15, ostensibly to help North American audiences get acclimatized to the nature of serial storytelling, which was then uncommon on non-soap-operatic television in the United States and Canada. His narration accompanied the earliest runs of Doctor Who as broadcast on American PBS stations and Canadian broadcasters like TVOntario during the 1970s and early 1980s. Typically, after Doctor Who had been run on a station for a while, the linking narration was removed as unnecessary.[134] Nevertheless, the announcements were so familiar a part of some viewers' experience of Doctor Who that they became a standard extra feature on BBC DVD releases of early Tom Baker serials.[135]

Radio

From 1974 to 1977, da Silva was a regular player on CBS Radio Mystery Theater.[136]

Year Date Title Ep. No.
1974 July 31 "The Only Blood" 125
Dec 5 "The Body Snatchers" 183
Dec 24 "A Very Private Miracle" 191
1975 Jan 14 "Faith and the Faker" 205
Feb 14 "The Shadow of the Past" 223
Mar 20 "The Doppelganger" 242
Apr 18 "A Challenge for the Dead" 259
May 8 "Taken for Granite" 270
June 6 "The Transformer" 287
July 2 "Come Back with Me" 301
Aug 5 "Hung Jury" 321
Aug 19 "Welcome for a Dead Man" 329
Sept 18 "The Coffin with the Golden Nails" 346
Sept 28 "The Other Self " 354
Oct 23 "The Sealed Room Murder" 366
Nov 17 "The Moonlighter" 380
Nov 28 "The Frammis" 387
Dec 15 "Burn, Witch, Burn" 396
1976 Jan 19 "There's No Business Like" 418
Feb 19 "Goodbye, Benjamin Flack" 434
Apr 24 "The Prince of Evil" 475
Aug 30 "The Night Shift" 511
Oct 22 "Somebody Help Me!" 540
Dec 14 "The Smoking Pistol" 565
1977 Jan 4 "This Breed Is Doomed" 577
Feb 25 "Legend of Phoenix Hill" 607

Citations

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  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Room (2010), p. 134
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  6. ↑ Peter Stone on the film DVD's audio commentary
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  9. ↑ Images of America, Trumbull Historical Society, 1997, p. 123
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  16. ↑ Buhle, Wagner (2004), p. 291
  17. ↑ Ghiglione (2008), p. ebook
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  22. ↑ "Character Actor Sues for Divorce" article gives marriage date as January 10, 1941; however license date is January 18, 1941.
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  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  111. ↑ a b c d e Monush (1965), p. 175
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Robers (2003), p.462
  121. ↑ Buhle, Wagner (2004), p. 49
  122. ↑ Laster, Breckweg, King (2000), pp. 77–78
  123. ↑ Erickson (2009), pp. 108–109
  124. ↑ Gertel (2003), p. 204
  125. ↑ Heitland (1987), p. 230
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Terrace (2011) p. 559
  129. ↑ Terrace (2013), p.348
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Terrace (2011) p. 54
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

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Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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