Hisar district

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Template:Template otherHisar district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana, India. Hisar city serves as the district headquarters. Hisar district has four sub-divisions that is, Hisar, Barwala, Hansi and Narnaud, each headed by an SDM. The district is also part of Hisar division. Hisar was founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

The largest district in Haryana until its 1966 reorganisation, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created Jind district. In 1974, the Tehsils of Bhiwani and Loharu were transferred to Bhiwani district. Hisar was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was formed. Fatehabad district was later created as well.

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Hisar division and also the headquarters of Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.

It is one of the five cities belonging to Indus Valley Civilisation while its name is cited in the history books in the context of Indus civilisation and in general knowledge books as the location of Banawali, one of five sheep farms. since 2011Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) it is the second most populous of the 21 districts of Haryana, after Faridabad.

Hisar is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It is also the largest producer of galvanised iron in India.

Geography

File:Khadir-and-bangar.jpg

In any doab, khadar land (green) lies next to a river, while bangar land (olive) has greater elevation and lies further from the river

North Hisar district falls in doab between Ghagghar river flowing through fatehabad district and paleo channel of Dhrishadvati river flowing through the Narnaul tehsil. Eastern, central and south-eastern Hisar district falls in doab between Dhrishadvati river and Yamuna river. Western Hisar district is part of bagar tract. The regions of the doabs near the rivers consist of low-lying, flood-prone, but usually very fertile khadir and the higher-lying land away from the rivers consist of bangar, less prone to flooding but also less fertile on average. For the purpose of irrigation, Hisar district has been classified into 5 circles, namely barani (low rain area where rain-fed dry farming is practised which nowadays are dependent on tubewells for the irrigation), bagar (dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab) nahri (canal-irrigated land), nali or naili (fertile prairie tract between the Ghaggar river and the southern limits of the Saraswati channel depression in northern Hissar district of Haryana that gets flooded during the rains), and Rangoi tract (an area irrigated by the Rangoi canal made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to dry areas).

Hisar has fertile alluvial soil interspersed with highly permeable very sandy tracts in bagar region several with water table more than 100 feet below ground containing brackish water usually unfit for human consumption, where dust storms frequent during the warm summer months from April till the end of July when monsoon arrives. Previously, Hisar was solely based on the rain and irrigation was possible only in the nali region where the season Ghaggar river flows in North Hisar. After the opening of Bhakra Nangal Dam canal system in 1963 as well as the earlier Western Yamuna Canal now irrigate most of Haryana including all of the Bagar region falling in Haryana on its western border. Opening of Indira Gandhi Canal in 1983 (specially Hansi Butana branches) brought the water of Sutlej and Beas rivers to the fields of Rajasthan including its Bagar tract stabilising the sand dunes and soil erosion by preventing the expansion of desert.

Climate

Hisar
Climate chart (explanation)
Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header     13     6 6     16     8 8     12     31 14     5.6     37 19     20     41 24     43     50 28     141     48 27     147     35 26     65     35 24     15     34 18     6.1     29 11     7.3     24 7 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: IMD
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.5     44 42     0.6     46 47     0.5     87 57     0.2     98 67     0.8     105 76     1.7     122 82     5.5     118 81     5.8     95 79     2.6     96 75     0.6     94 64     0.2     84 52     0.3     74 44 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Hisar has a warm climate.

History

File:Skeleton harappa.JPG

A skeleton from Rakhigarhi, Indus Valley civilisation site in Hisar on display in the National Museum, New Delhi

The district suffered famine in 1783-84 (Chalisa famine), 1838, 1860-61, 1896-97 and 1899-1900.

Hisar district was conquered by the British in 1803. On 30 December 1803, the Daulat Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Laswari and ceded to the British, Hisar, Panipat, Rohtak, Rewari, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar.Template:Rp

Administrative divisions

Hisar continued to be the District Headquarters of the largest District in the state until its reorganisation in 1966 when parts were carved out to create the new Jind District. The Tehsil Bhiwani and Loharu estate were later transferred to Bhiwani district on its creation in 1974. It was further bifurcated when Sirsa district was created entirely out of Hisar District. Fatehabad district has now been carved out of this district.

At present Hisar district consists of the eight tehsils of Adampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar, Hansi-1, Hansi-2, Narnaund and Uklanamandi, two Sub-Tehsils of Balsamand and Bass. Vehicle registration numbers for Hisar district are: Hisar HR 20 and HR 39 (commercial no), Hansi HR 21 and Barwala HR 80.

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion Headquarters of Border Security Force, 3rd battalion of Haryana Armed Police and police commando force. All these departments are now housed in a five storied District Administrative Complex completed in 1980, which adjoins the new Judiciary Complex.

The district has seven Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of Hisar Lok Sabha constituency

Demographics

the 2011 censusTemplate:Dated maintenance category (articles) the district had a population of 1,743,931, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gave it a ranking of 276th in India out of a total of 640 districts. The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.38%. Hisar has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.2%. Scheduled Castes make up 23.44% of the population.

Castes and tribes

The important social groups in the district are Jats, Bishnois, Brahmins, Sainis, Banias, Gujjars, Ahirs, Rajputs, Kumhars, Aroras, Chamars and Balmikis. Jat is the largest social group in the city. Bishnois have migrated from Rajasthan. There are three sections of Brahmins in the district, i.e., Gaur, Bias and Khandelwal. Most of the Aroras are migrant from West Punjab after the partition of the country in 1947. Banias are divided into Aggarwals, Oswals and Maheshwaris. The Aggarwals are said to be the descendants of the inhabitants of Agroha. They hold Agroha in great reverence. Oswals and Maheshwaris trace their origin to the Rajasthan. The Gujjars of Hisar trace their origin to Rajasthan. Hisar is also the origin place of Agrawal Jain Community, with Hansi being an important Jain pilgrimage town.

Languages

Template:Pie chart At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 68.76% of the population in the district spoke Haryanvi, 26.40% Hindi and 2.41% Punjabi as their first language. Haryanvi is the most spoken language in the district.

Religion

Religion in Hisar district (2011) Religion Percent Hinduism   97.54% Islam   1.24% Sikhism   0.70% Other or not stated   0.52%

Hisar is 98% Hindu, only about 40,000 are Muslims, rest are mostly Jain and Sikhs. Nearly all Muslims of Hisar left for Pakistan during Partition.

Religion in Hisar District

Religious group	2011
	Pop.	%
Hinduism File:Om.svg	1,701,061
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg	21,650
Sikhism File:Khanda.svg	12,270
Christianity File:Christian cross.svg	1,945
Others	7,005
Total Population	1,743,931

Religious groups in Hisar district (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1881		1891		1901		1911		1921		1931		1941
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism File:Om.svgTemplate:Efn	514,948		548,896		544,799		541,720		548,351		583,429		652,842
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg	206,806		199,010		202,009		218,600		215,943		253,784		285,208
Sikhism File:Khanda.svg	31,446		22,151		28,642		38,508		45,615		55,169		60,731
Jainism File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg	4,186		5,690		6,003		5,767		5,874		5,988		6,126
Christianity File:Christian cross.svg	72		242		253		273		1,024		1,107		1,292
Zoroastrianism File:Faravahar.svg	0		17		11		10		3		2		4
Buddhism File:Dharma Wheel (2).svg	0		0		0		3		0		0		0
Judaism File:Star of David.svg	—	—	0		0		8		0		0		1
Others	0		0		0		0		0		0		505
Total population	757,458		776,006		781,717		804,889		816,810		899,479		1,006,709
Note1: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: 1881 census count includes Sirsa District, which was later amalgamated with Hissar District.

Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1921)

Tehsil	Hinduism File:Om.svg		Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg		Sikhism File:Khanda.svg		Christianity File:Christian cross.svg		Jainism File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg		OthersTemplate:Efn		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hisar Tehsil	106,179		28,788		214		101		990		0		136,272
Hansi Tehsil	141,116		33,396		83		34		2,414		0		177,043
Bhiwani Tehsil	104,350		20,683		47		64		871		0		126,015
Fatehabad Tehsil	104,525		71,510		18,757		393		616		0		195,801
Sirsa Tehsil	92,181		61,566		26,514		432		983		3		181,679
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Religion in the Tehsils of Hisar District (1941)

Tehsil	Hinduism File:Om.svgTemplate:Efn		Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg		Sikhism File:Khanda.svg		Christianity File:Christian cross.svg		Jainism File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg		OthersTemplate:Efn		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hisar Tehsil	157,058		64,499		15,712		572		1,992		24		239,857
Hansi Tehsil	175,761		45,551		165		56		2,836		1		224,370
Bhiwani Tehsil	127,740		29,554		533		169		587		4		158,587
Fatehabad Tehsil	94,122		67,556		7,664		18		124		7		169,491
Sirsa Tehsil	98,161		78,048		36,657		420		587		531		214,404
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Education

Universities

• Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, initially founded as a campus of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
• Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. A statue and memorial of Lala Lajpat Rai stands on the campus to commemorate this patriot.
• Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, founded in 1995, attracts students for higher education from all over the country and abroad.

Govt colleges

• Govt. Post Graduate College, Hisar
• Govt. College for Girls, Hisar

Private colleges

• Dayanand college
• CRM JAT College
• Chhaju Ram Law College, Hisar
• Chhaju Ram College of Education, Hisar
• Fateh Chand College for Women (Lahore), Hisar
• Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha

Schools

Hisar also has several renowned schools including Leading Angel Public School, Hisar (LAPS), Indus Public School, Hisar (IPS), Army Public School, Hisar (APS), Thakur Dass Bhargava Senior Secondary Model School, and Vidya Devi Jindal School.

Notable individuals

Over the past three centuries Hisar had been the birthplace of individuals including Sardar Ishri Singh, Sardar Harji Ram and Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh who were honorary magistrates in pre-Independence Hisar. Noteworthy individuals include the Lala Lajpat Rai (freedom fighter, elected member of Hisar municipal committee, founder of Hisar district congress (1986), Arya samaj (1986) and district bar council), Captain Abhimanyu Sindhu (entrepreneur, journalist, BJP national spokesperson and Minister in Haryana from Narnaund assembly constituency), late Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava (First Chief Minister of joint Punjab), Om Prakash Jindal (former chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government) and his wife Savitri Jindal (chairperson of Jindal Industries and Minister in Haryana government), Subhash Chandra (Chairman of Essel Group and Zee Network and BJP MP in Rajya Sabha), Amit Munjal, founder and CEO of Doctor Insta and Former CFO of Citi Holdings, Yash Tonk (Bollywood actor), Manish Joshi Bismil (theatre director), General V.K. Singh (Former Army Chief and Union Minister from BJP]], General Dalbir Singh Suhag (former Army Chief).

See also

• Hisar (city)
• Hisar division
• Hisar Urban Agglomeration
• Hisar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
• Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)
• Asigarh Fort at Hansi
• Kanwari Indus Valley Mound at Kanwari
• Tosham rock inscription

External links

• Hisar district official website