Hieracium lachenalii
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Hieracium lachenalii, or common hawkweed, is a species of plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America.
Taxonomy
The species was widely known for many years as H. vulgatum,[1] but more recent studies have indicated that the two names represent the same species. The name H. lachenalii was coined in 1802,[2] and H. vulgatum in 1819,[3] so per taxonomic regulations, the older name is to be used, with H. vulgatum delegated to being a synonym.[4]
Description
This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert". tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to Script error: No such module "convert". long and taper with teeth towards the base.[5] Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets.[6][7] Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.[6] The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.[7]
The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.[5]
Common names
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Distribution and habitat
Native to most of Europe,[9] Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to temperate parts of North America,[10] and to Australia.[6] It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.[11]
Europe
In Europe, the species is found in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Corsica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Russia.
North America
Subarctic America: Greenland.[12]
Canada: Provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec.[12]
United States: States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.[12]
References
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- ↑ Flora of North America, Hieracium vulgatum Fries, 1819.
- ↑ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium lachenalii
- ↑ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium vulgatum
- ↑ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), article 11
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Az ANP (valamint a Gömör-Tornai-karszt magyarországi részének) taxonlistája
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
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External links
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