Heuchera

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Heuchera (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell[1] or Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell[2]) is a genus of largely evergreen[3] perennial plants in the family Saxifragaceae. All species are native to North America except for Heuchera sichotensis, native to the Russian Far East.[4] Common names include alumroot and coral bells.[5]

Description

Heuchera have palmately lobed leaves on long petioles, and a thick, woody rootstock. The genus was named after Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677–1746), an 18th-century German physician,[6] and Professor at Wittenberg University.[7] There are approximately 37 species, but the taxonomy of the genus is difficult because the species often intergrade with one another, hybridization is common, and the flowers change markedly in proportion as they develop.[6]

Distribution and habitat

Alumroot species grow in varied habitats, so some species look quite different from one another, and have varying preferences regarding temperature, soil, and other natural factors. H. maxima is found on the Channel Islands of California, where it grows on rocky, windy, saline-washed ocean shores, and H. sanguinea, called coral bells because of its cerise flowers, can be found in the warm, dry canyons of Mexico and adjacent New Mexico and Arizona. In the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, the plants grow best in shade.[8]

Several alumroots and their crosses are used as ornamental plants.[6]

Uses

Native American peoples used some Heuchera species medicinally. The Tlingit used H. glabra as an herbal remedy for inflammation of the testicles caused by syphilis.[9] To the Navajo, H. novamexicana was a panacea and a pain reliever.[10] The roots of H. cylindrica had a variety of medicinal uses among the Blackfoot, Flathead, Kutenai, Okanagan, Colville, and Shuswap.[11]

Cultivation

The majority of Heuchera sold for gardens are hybrids of H. americana, such as 'Green Spice'.[12] The original 'Purple Palace' discovered in a palace in England is believed to be a H. micrantha × H. villosa hybrid,[13] which was then crossed with H. americana. Another group of hybrids are crosses of Heuchera with Tiarella treated under the name × Heucherella. Gardeners and horticulturists have developed a multitude of hybrids between various Heuchera species. There is an extensive array of blossom sizes, shapes, and colors, foliage types, and geographic tolerances. They are valued as foliage plants, producing rosettes of leaves in shades of green, pink and bronze, often variegated or textured; with long thyrses of white, green, pink or red flowers in spring.

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

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Species

45 species are accepted.[25][26][27][28]

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  • Heuchera abramsii Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - San Gabriel alumroot
  • Heuchera acutifolia RoseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [29]
  • Heuchera alba Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - white alumroot
  • Heuchera americana L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - American alumroot
  • Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Rocky Mountain alumroot
  • Heuchera brevistaminea WigginsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Laguna Mountain alumroot
  • Heuchera caespitosa Eastw.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - tufted alumroot
  • Heuchera caroliniana (Rosend., Butters & Lakela) E.F.WellsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Carolina alumroot
  • Heuchera chlorantha PiperScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - green-flowered alumroot
  • Heuchera cylindrica DouglasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - roundleaf alumroot, lava alumroot
  • Heuchera × easthamii Calder & SavileScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Heuchera eastwoodiae Rosend., Butters & LakelaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Senator Mine alumroot
  • Heuchera elegans AbramsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - urnflower alumroot
  • Heuchera folkii Engle-WryeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Heuchera glabra Willd. ex Schult.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - alpine alumroot
  • Heuchera glomerulata Rosend., Butters & LakelaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Chiricahua Mountain alumroot
  • Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - gooseberryleaf alumroot
  • Heuchera hallii A.GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Front Range alumroot
  • Heuchera hirsutissima Rosend., Butters & LakelaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - shaggy-haired alumroot
  • Heuchera inconstans R.A.FolkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [30]
  • Heuchera lakelae R.A.FolkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[31]
  • Heuchera longiflora Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - longflower alumroot
  • Heuchera longipetala Moc. ex Ser.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [29]
  • Heuchera maxima GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - island alumroot, jill-of-the-rocks
  • Heuchera merriamii Eastw.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Merriam's alumroot
  • Heuchera mexicana J.H.Schaffn.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [29]
  • Heuchera micrantha DouglasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - crevice alumroot, smallflower alumroot
  • Heuchera missouriensis Rosend.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[32]
  • Heuchera novomexicana WheelockScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - New Mexico alumroot, range alumroot
  • Heuchera parishii Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Mill Creek alumroot
  • Heuchera parviflora Bartl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - littleflower alumroot
  • Heuchera parvifolia Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - littleleaf alumroot, common alumroot
  • Heuchera pilosissima Fisch. & C.A.Mey.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - seaside alumroot
  • Heuchera puberula Mack. & Bush.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[32]
  • Heuchera pubescens PurshScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - downy alumroot
  • Heuchera pulchella Wooton & Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Sandia Mountain alumroot
  • Heuchera richardsonii R.Br.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - Richardson's alumroot
  • Heuchera rosendahlii R.A.FolkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[29]
  • Heuchera rubescens Torr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - pink alumroot, red alumroot, jack-o'the-rocks
  • Heuchera sanguinea Engelm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - coral bells
  • Heuchera sichotensis (Gorovoj & N.S.Pavlova) ZhmylevScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Heuchera soltisii R.A.Folk & P.J.AlexanderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[30]
  • Heuchera villosa Michx.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - hairy alumroot, maple-leaved alumroot
  • Heuchera wellsiae R.A.FolkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[29]
  • Heuchera woodsiaphila P.J.AlexanderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[33]
  • Heuchera wootonii Rydb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". - White Mountain alumroot

Hybrids include:

  • Heuchera × brizoides

Gallery

References

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  1. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–607.
  2. ↑ "heuchera, n.". OED Online. June 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/86545?redirectedFrom=Heuchera (accessed June 16, 2021).
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Heuchera sichotensis (Gorovoj & N.S.Pavlova) Zhmylev. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Heuchera. Flora of North America.
  7. ↑ Archibald William Smith Template:Trim&pg=PA185 A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins , p. 185, at Google Books
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Heuchera glabra. Flora of North America.
  10. ↑ Heuchera novamexicana. Flora of North America.
  11. ↑ Heuchera cylindrica. Flora of North America.
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Cullina, W. New England Wild Flower Society Guide to Growing and Propagating Wildflowers of the United States and Canada. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000. Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  26. ↑ Heuchera: List of Species. Flora of North America.
  27. ↑ Heuchera. USDA PLANTS.
  28. ↑ GRIN Species Records of Heuchera. Template:Webarchive Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  29. ↑ a b c d e R. A. Folk & J. V. Freudenstein (2014) Revision of Heuchera Section Rhodoheuchera Subsections Hemsleyanae and Rosendahliae Subsectio Nova (Saxifragaceae). Systematic Botany 39(3): 850-874.
  30. ↑ a b R. A. Folk & P. J. Alexander (2015) Two New Species, Heuchera soltisii and H. inconstans, with Further Taxonomic Notes for the Western Group of Heuchera Section Heuchera (Saxifragaceae). Systematic Botany 40(2):489-500.
  31. ↑ R. Folk (2013) Heuchera lakelae (Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Sierra La Marta and Sierra Coahuilón, Coahuila and Nuevo León, Mexico. Phytotaxa 124: 37-42.
  32. ↑ a b R.A. Folk and J.V. Freudenstein. 2015. "Sky islands" in the eastern U.S.A.? – Strong phylogenetic structure in the Heuchera parviflora group (Saxifragaceae). Taxon 64: 254– 271.
  33. ↑ P. J. Alexander (2008) Heuchera woodsiaphila (Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2(1): 447-453.

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External links

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