Henry Cooper

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Sir Henry Cooper Template:Post-nominals (3 May 1934Template:Spaced ndash1 May 2011)[1] was a British professional boxer. He was undefeated in British and Commonwealth heavyweight championship contests for twelve years and held the European heavyweight title for three years. In a 1963 fight against a young Cassius Clay (later known as Muhammad Ali), he knocked Clay down in round 4, before the fight was stopped by the referee, Tommy Little, in round 5 because of a cut to Cooper's left eye caused by Clay.

In 1966 he fought Ali for a second time. Ali was then world heavyweight champion. However, Cooper again lost by technical knockout. Cooper was twice voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year and, after retiring in 1971 following a controversial loss to Joe Bugner, remained a popular public figure. He is the only British boxer to have been awarded a knighthood.

Early life

File:Henry Cooper's house on Farmstead Road.jpg
Plaque showing former home of heavyweight boxing champion Henry Cooper at 120 Farmstead Road, Bellingham, London Borough of Lewisham

Cooper was born on Thursday, 3 May 1934 in Lambeth, London[2][3] to Henry Snr and Lily Cooper. With identical twin brother, George (1934–2010),[2] and elder brother Bern,[3] he grew up in a council house on Farmstead Road on the Bellingham Estate in South East London. During the Second World War they were evacuated to Lancing on the Sussex coast.[3]

Life was tough in the latter years of the Second World War, and London life especially brought many dangers during the blackout. Cooper took up many jobs, including a paper round before school, and made money out of recycling golf balls to the clubhouse on the Beckenham course. All three of the Cooper brothers excelled in sport, with George and Henry exercising talents particularly in football and also cricket.[4] Cooper started his boxing career in 1949, as an amateur with the Bellingham Boxing Club based at Athelney St School in Bellingham, which had been founded and was run by Albert Colley, and won seventy-three of eighty-four contests. At the age of seventeen he won the first of two ABA light-heavyweight titles before National Service in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps as Private Service Number 22486464.[5][6]

1952 Olympics

Cooper represented Great Britain as a light heavyweight boxer at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. His results were: Round of 32-bye, Round of 16-lost to Anatoly Perov (Soviet Union) by decision, 1–2.

Professional boxing career

Style

Although Cooper was left-handed, he used the "orthodox" stance, with his strongest (left) hand and foot forward, rather than the reversed "southpaw" stance more usually adopted by a left-handed boxer. Opponents were thus hit hardest with punches which Cooper could throw from his front hand, closest to the opponent. At its most effective, his hook - dubbed "Enry's 'Ammer" ("Henry's hammer") - had an upward uppercut-like trajectory. A formidable left jab, from which he could hook quickly, completed his offensive repertoire.[3][7] While cut-prone and no great defensive technician, Cooper compensated by forcing the action in his bouts. After developing a left shoulder problem in the latter half of his career, he adjusted to put more stress on right-handed punches.[7]

Early bouts

Henry and his identical twin brother, George (boxing under the name Jim), turned professional together under the management of Jim Wicks.[3] Wicks had a reputation for not overmatching his boxers and looking out for their interests. However the very cut-prone Cooper was slow to fulfil his potential and early title challenges were unsuccessful, with losses to West Indian Joe Bygraves for the Commonwealth belt (KO 9), Ingemar Johansson for the European belt (KO 5), and the undersized but highly skilled Joe Erskine (PTS 15) for the British and Commonwealth. An impressive points win over top American heavyweight Zora Folley was followed by a second-round KO loss to Folley about 3 years later in their rematch.[8]

British and Commonwealth Champion

For Cooper 1959 was a banner year: he took the British and Commonwealth titles from Brian London in 15 rounds and received the last 9-carat gold Lonsdale Belt after successful defences against Dick Richardson (KO 5), Joe Erskine (TKO 5, TKO 12, and TKO 9), and Johnny Prescott (RTD 10). Another points win over London brought an offer to fight Floyd Patterson for his world heavyweight title, but this was turned down by Cooper (or Wicks).[3]

Muhammad Ali

File:Muhammad Ali and Henry Cooper following their fight on June 18, 1963.jpg
Muhammad Ali and Henry Cooper following their fight on 18 June 1963

In 1963 Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius Clay and a contender for the world heavyweight title) created a great deal of ticket-selling publicity before his London bout with Cooper, who many British fans hoped would be able to humble the brash young American. In the boxing world, however, Ali was considered a future world champion and Cooper the underdog. The contest took place at Wembley Stadium, Wembley Park. According to the official weigh-in, Ali outweighed Cooper by 21 pounds, Cooper said he wore weighted clothing and was near the light heavyweight limit.[7] Cooper had devised his own training regimen and felt that though lighter he was in the best condition of his career.[7]

Ali's size, mobility, fast reflexes, and unorthodox defensive tactic of pulling back from punches made him a frustratingly elusive opponent, and Cooper was later accused by Ali's camp of hitting on the break. A stiff connection by Ali split open the face of Cooper in the middle of round three, beginning a gush of blood into his left eye. Ali, sensing the fight would be stopped because of the cut, began abandoning attempts of offense and instead began teasing and taunting Cooper, lowering his guard and leaving his jaw exposed to the Brit.[7] Despite Ali's taunts and his bloody left eye, Cooper connected with a solitary left hook to the body; in the fourth's final seconds, Cooper felled Ali with an upward angled version of his trademark left hook to the jaw, "Enry's 'Ammer".[7] Ali partly landed on the ropes, preventing his head hitting the canvas covered boards, but though up at the count of 3 he seemed hurt.[7]

In the corner Dundee was angry and slapped Ali's legs. Ali misunderstood and tried to get off the stool. It has been claimedScript error: No such module "Unsubst". that Dundee may have used smelling salts to revive Ali. This has never been confirmed and the film is unclear if this happened. The use of smelling salts was prohibited in British boxing, and their use would have led to Ali losing by disqualification if the offence was proved. Dundee later said that he put his finger in a small tear in one of Ali's gloves to demonstrate to the referee and told the referee that his fighter needed replacements, but none were available. Cooper insisted that resulted in a delay of a minute or more in addition to the regulation time between rounds, and denied him a chance to finish off Ali while he was still dazed. A tape of the fight showed an interval extension of only an extra six seconds.

Cooper was the only person present who recalled a longer delay and because the surviving BBC tape of the bout is only of what was actually broadcast, it has been claimed a longer delay may have been edited out for transmission. Study of the tape shows no break and the commentary is also unbroken so the 6 second interval extension is correct.[7] Ali started the 5th round aggressively, attempting to make good his prediction of a 5th-round knockout and opened a severe cut under Cooper's eye. Ali hit Cooper with a succession of hard rights knocking out his gumshield and Cooper's corner threw in the towel. Referee Tommy Little stopped the fight, and thus Ali defeated Cooper by technical knockout.[9] Subsequently, a spare pair of gloves was always required at ringside.[10] On the 40th anniversary of the fight, Ali telephoned Cooper to reminisce.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1966 Cooper fought Ali for the heavyweight championship, for a second time at Arsenal Stadium, Highbury.[11] However, Ali was now alert to the danger posed by Cooper's left and more cautious than he had been in the previous contest; he held Cooper in a vice-like grip during clinches, and when told to break leapt backward several feet.[7] Accumulated scar tissue around Cooper's eyes made him more vulnerable than in the previous meeting and a serious cut was opened by Ali, which led to the fight being stopped, Cooper again losing to Ali via technical knockout.[7]

Later fights

After a fourth-round knockout loss to former world heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson in 1966, Cooper went undefeated until the final contest of his career. The successful defences of his British and Commonwealth titles against the likes of uniquely awkward Jack Bodell (TKO 2) and media-savvy Billy Walker (TKO 6) made Cooper the only man to win three Lonsdale Belts. With a win over Karl Mildenberger in 1968 Cooper added the European crown and made two successful defences. In 1970, Cooper would vacate his British Heavyweight Title after attempting to arrange a fight with World Boxing Association champion, Jimmy Ellis. However, the British Boxing Board of Control refused to sanction the match, citing they would only recognize a match between fellow champion Joe Frazier and a ranked opponent. Cooper and Bodell would rematch that year, with Bodell now defending his British Title after winning the vacated title from Carl Gizzi, and Cooper defending his Commonwealth title. Cooper would win the match over a 15-Round points decision, regaining his British title.

In May 1971 a 36-year-old Cooper faced 21-year-old Joe Bugner, one of the biggest heavyweights in the world, for the British, European and Commonwealth belts. Referee Harry Gibbs awarded the fight to Bugner by a quarter of a point score (which was subsequently abolished partly because of the controversy that followed). An audience mainly composed of Cooper fans did not appreciate the innately cautious Bugner, and the decision was booed with commentator Harry Carpenter asking, "And how, in the world, can you take away the man's three titles, like that?"[12] Cooper announced his retirement shortly afterwards. Cooper refused to speak to Gibbs for many years but eventually agreed to shake his hand while they were at a charity event.[13]

Opinion on modern boxers

In Cooper's later years, he retired from commentary on the sport as he became "disillusioned with boxing", wanting "straight, hard and fast boxing that he was used to from his times."[14] While acknowledging that he was from a different era and would not be fighting as a heavyweight today, Cooper was nonetheless critical of the trend for heavyweights to bulk up as he thought it made for one-paced and less entertaining contests.[15] In his final year, he said that he did not think boxing was "as good as it was", naming Joe Calzaghe, Ricky Hatton, and Amir Khan as "the best of their era", but asserting that "if you match them up with the champions of thirty or forty years ago I don't think they're as good".[16]

Life outside boxing

In the 1960s Cooper appeared in several public information films concerning road safety, promoting the use of zebra crossings: such as "The Story of Elsie Billing".[17] After his retirement from boxing, he maintained a public profile with appearances in the BBC quiz show A Question of Sport and various advertisements, most famously in those for Brut aftershave.[15] He was also a frequent guest speaker for charity fund-raising events.[18] He appeared as boxer John Gully in the 1975 film Royal Flash and in his latter years featured in a series of UK public service announcements urging vulnerable groups to go to their doctors for vaccination against influenza called Get your Jab in First![19]

Cooper became a "Name" at Lloyd's of London, but in the 1990s he was reportedly one of those who suffered enormous personal losses because of the unlimited liability which a "Name" was then responsible for, being forced to sell his Lonsdale belts.[15] Subsequently, Cooper's popularity as an after dinner speaker provided a source of income, and he was in most respects a picture of contentment although becoming more subdued in the years following his wife's sudden death aged 71.[15][18]

Considering his long career, Cooper had suffered relatively little boxing-related damage to his health, and apart from "a bit of arthritis" remained an imposing figure: in the words of one journalist, "the living manifestation of an age of tuxedos in ringside seats, Harry Carpenter commentaries, sponge buckets and 'seconds outTemplate:'".[16] He lived in Hildenborough, Kent, where he was the president of Nizels Golf Club.[1][15]

Cooper was married to Albina Genepri from 1960 until her death in 2008.[3][20] He converted to her Catholic faith and described Albina, who "hated" his sport, as "an ideal wife for a boxer", never grumbling about his long absences before big fights and inviting journalists in for tea while they waited for Cooper to get out of bed the morning after bouts.[16] Cooper died on 1 May 2011, two days before his 77th birthday. He was survived by their sons and two grandchildren.[3][16]

Cooper was a lifelong Arsenal supporter.[21]

Awards and honours

Cooper was the first to win the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award twice, in 1967 for going unbeaten and in 1970, when Cooper had become the British, Commonwealth, and European heavyweight champion. He is the only British boxer to win three Lonsdale Belts outright.

Cooper was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1969 New Year Honours for services to boxing,[22] awarded a Papal Knighthood in 1978, and was knighted in the 2000 New Year Honours, again for services to boxing.[23] He is also celebrated as one of the great Londoners in the "London Song" by Ray Davies on his 1998 album The Storyteller.[20][24][25] He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1970 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at Thames Television's Euston Road Studios.[26]

Professional boxing record

Template:BoxingRecordSummary

No. Result Record Opponent Type Round, time Date Location Notes
55 Loss 40–14–1 Joe Bugner PTS 15 16 Mar 1971 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Lost British, Commonwealth, and European heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
54 Win 40–13–1 Jose Manuel Urtain TKO 9 (15) 10 Nov 1970 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Won European heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
53 Win 39–13–1 Jack Bodell PTS 15 24 Mar 1970 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained Commonwealth heavyweight title;
Won British heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
52 Win 38–13–1 Piero Tomasoni KO 5 (15) 13 Mar 1969 Palazzetto dello Sport, Rome, ItalyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained European heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
51 Win 37–13–1 Karl Mildenberger DQ 8 (15) 18 Sep 1968 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Won European heavyweight title;
Mildenberger disqualified for an illegal headbuttScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
50 Win 36–13–1 Billy Walker TKO 6 (15) 7 Nov 1967 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
49 Win 35–13–1 Jack Bodell TKO 2 (15), 2:18Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 13 Jun 1967 Molineux Stadium, Wolverhampton, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
48 Win 34–13–1 Boston Jacobs PTS 10 17 Apr 1967 De Montfort Hall, Leicester, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
47 Loss 33–13–1 Floyd Patterson KO 4 (10), 2:10Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 20 Sep 1966 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
46 Loss 33–12–1 Muhammad Ali TKO 6 (15), 1:38Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 21 May 1966 Arsenal Stadium, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". For WBC and The Ring heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
45 Win 33–11–1 Jefferson Davis KO 1 (10), 1:40Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 16 Feb 1966 Wolverhampton Civic Hall, Wolverhampton, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
44 Win 32–11–1 Hubert Hilton TKO 2 (10), 1:20Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 25 Jan 1966 London Olympia, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
43 Loss 31–11–1 Amos Johnson PTS 10 19 Oct 1965 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
42 Win 31–10–1 Johnny Prescott RTD 10 (15), 3:00Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 15 Jun 1965 St Andrew's, Birmingham, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
41 Win 30–10–1 Matthew Johnson KO 1 (10), 2:34Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 20 Apr 1965 Wolverhampton Civic Hall, Wolverhampton, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
40 Win 29–10–1 Dick Wipperman TKO 5 (10), 1:30Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 12 Jan 1965 Royal Albert Hall, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
39 Loss 28–10–1 Roger Rischer PTS 10 16 Nov 1964 Royal Albert Hall, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
38 Win 28–9–1 Brian London PTS 15 24 Feb 1964 King's Hall, Manchester, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles;
Won vacant European heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
37 Loss 27–9–1 Cassius Clay TKO 5 (10), 2:15Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 18 Jun 1963 Wembley Stadium, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
36 Win 27–8–1 Dick Richardson KO 5 (15) 26 Mar 1963 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
35 Win 26–8–1 Joe Erskine TKO 9 (15) 2 Apr 1962 Nottingham Ice Stadium, Nottingham, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
34 Win 25–8–1 Wayne Bethea PTS 10 26 Feb 1962 King's Hall, Manchester, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
33 Win 24–8–1 Tony Hughes RTD 5 (10), 3:00Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 23 Jan 1962 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
32 Loss 23–8–1 Zora Folley KO 2 (10), 1:06Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 5 Dec 1961 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
31 Win 23–7–1 Joe Erskine TKO 5 (15) 21 Mar 1961 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
30 Win 22–7–1 Alex Miteff PTS 10 6 Dec 1960 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
29 Win 21–7–1 Roy Harris PTS 10 13 Sep 1960 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
28 Win 20–7–1 Joe Erskine TKO 12 (15) 17 Nov 1959 Earls Court Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
27 Win 19–7–1 Gawie de Klerk TKO 5 (15) 26 Aug 1959 Coney Beach Pleasure Park, Bridgend, WalesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Retained Commonwealth heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
26 Win 18–7–1 Brian London PTS 15 12 Jan 1959 Earls Court Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Won British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
25 Win 17–7–1 Zora Folley PTS 10 14 Oct 1958 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
24 Win 16–7–1 Dick Richardson TKO 5 (10) 3 Sep 1958 Coney Beach Pleasure Park, Bridgend, WalesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
23 Loss 15–7–1 Erich Schoppner DQ 6 (10) 19 Apr 1958 Festhalle Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Cooper disqualified for hitting Schoppner on the neckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
22 Template:DrawDraw 15–6–1 Heinz Neuhaus PTS 10 11 Jan 1958 Westfalenhallen, Dortmund, GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
21 Win 15–6 Hans Kalbfell PTS 10 16 Nov 1957 Westfalenhallen, Dortmund, GermanyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
20 Loss 14–6 Joe Erskine PTS 15 17 Sep 1957 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". For British and Commonwealth heavyweight titlesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
19 Loss 14–5 Ingemar Johansson KO 5 (15), 2:57Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 19 May 1957 Johanneshovs Isstadion, Stockholm, SwedenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". For European heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
18 Loss 14–4 Joe Bygraves KO 9 (15) 19 Feb 1957 Earls Court Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". For Commonwealth heavyweight titleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
17 Loss 14–3 Peter Bates TKO 5 (10) 7 Sep 1956 Belle Vue Zoological Gardens, Manchester, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
16 Win 14–2 Giannino Orlando Luise TKO 7 (10) 26 Jun 1956 Empire Pool, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
15 Win 13–2 Brian London TKO 1 (10), 2:35Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1 May 1956 Empress Hall, Earl's Court, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
14 Win 12–2 Maurice Mols TKO 4 (10) 28 Feb 1956 Royal Albert Hall, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
13 Loss 11–2 Joe Erskine PTS 10 15 Nov 1955 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
12 Win 11–1 Uber Bacilieri KO 7 (10) 13 Sep 1955 White City Stadium, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
11 Win 10–1 Ron Harman TKO 7 (8) 6 Jun 1955 Nottingham Ice Stadium, Nottingham, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
10 Loss 9–1 Uber Bacilieri TKO 5 (8) 26 Apr 1955 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
9 Win 9–0 Joe Bygraves PTS 8 18 Apr 1955 Manor Place Baths, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
8 Win 8–0 Joe Crickmar TKO 5 (8) 29 Mar 1955 Earls Court Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
7 Win 7–0 Hugh Ferns DQ 2 (6) 8 Mar 1955 Earls Court Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
6 Win 6–0 Cliff Purnell PTS 6 8 Feb 1955 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
5 Win 5–0 Colin Strauch TKO 1 (6) 27 Jan 1955 Royal Albert Hall, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
4 Win 4–0 Denny Ball KO 3 (6) 7 Dec 1954 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
3 Win 3–0 Eddie Keith TKO 1 (6) 23 Nov 1954 Manor Place Baths, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
2 Win 2–0 Dinny Powell TKO 4 (6) 19 Oct 1954 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
1 Win 1–0 Harry Painter KO 1 (6) 14 Sep 1954 Harringay Arena, London, EnglandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Interview with Henry Cooper, 'Lads' Army' television show, Series 1 (2001)
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ The Story of Elsie Billing, rebroadcast, Talking Pictures TV 20 May 2020
  18. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Tom Dare, 'Arsenal veteran Ken recalls Ali's Highbury fight 50 years on'. Islington Gazette, 15 June 2016, retrieved 13 March 2023
  22. ↑ United Kingdom list: Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Achievements
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Commonwealth Heavyweight Champion
12 January 1959 – 13 March 1971 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check British Heavyweight Champion
10 January 1959 – 13 October 1969 Template:S-ttl/check
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check European Heavyweight Champion
0 24 February 1964 – 17 October 1964 Template:S-ttl/check


Awards
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check BBC Sports Personality of the Year
1967 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check BBC Sports Personality of the Year
1970 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

Script error: No such module "navbox".

Template:Authority control

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