Help:IPA/Irish

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Template:IPA key The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Irish-language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Template:Section link.

See Irish phonology and Irish orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Irish and how they are represented in writing, respectively. Template:Horizontal TOC

Key

Consonants[1]
Broad Slender
IPA Example English approximation IPA Example English approximation
Template:IPAlink bain, scuab boot Script error: No such module "IPA". béal, cnáib beautiful
Template:IPAlink dorn, nead do (but dental), though (Ireland) Script error: No such module "IPA". dearg, cuid media
Template:IPAlink fós, graf, pholl fool Script error: No such module "IPA". fíon, stuif, phríosún fuel
Template:IPAlink gasúr, bog goose Template:IPAlink geata, carraig argue
Template:IPAlink dhorn, ghasúr Spanish higo Template:IPAlink[2][3] dhearg, gheata yellow
Template:IPAlink[4] Shasana, shean, thaisce, theanga, hata, na héisc hand —
Template:IPAlink cáis, mac cart Template:IPAlink ceist, mic cube
Template:IPAlink[5] labhair, balla filth Script error: No such module "IPA".[5] leabhair, goilleadh million
Template:IPAlink[5] fhlaith, bealach pool Script error: No such module "IPA".[5] fhleasc, goile leaf
Template:IPAlink mór, am moot Script error: No such module "IPA". milis, im mute
Template:IPAlink[6] naoi, donna tenth Script error: No such module "IPA".[6] ní, bainne inch
Template:IPAlink[6] dona noon Script error: No such module "IPA".[6] bainis opinion
Template:IPAlink ngasúr long Template:IPAlink ngeata angular
Template:IPAlink poll, stop poor Script error: No such module "IPA". príosún, truip pure
Template:IPAlink barr, carr rule (but tapped) Script error: No such module "IPA". fhréamh, tirim real (but tapped)
Template:IPAlink Sasana, tús, speal soon Template:IPAlink sean, cáis sheet
Template:IPAlink taisce, ceart tool (but dental), thorn (Ireland) Script error: No such module "IPA". tír, beirt tune (accents without yod dropping)
Template:IPAlink[7][3] bhain, dubh, mhór, léamh, vóta wood or voodoo Script error: No such module "IPA". bhéal, sibh, mhilis, nimh, veidhlín view
Template:IPAlink cháis, taoiseach loch (Scotland) Template:IPAlink cheist, deich, theann, theocht, thiúilip, thiocfadh, thiubh hue (pronounced strongly)
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation IPA Examples English approximation
Template:IPAlink mac trap Template:IPAlink tá father
Template:IPAlink ceist best Template:IPAlink mé, gael pay
Template:IPAlink ith, duine kit Template:IPAlink mín, naoi mean
Template:IPAlink olc, deoch off Template:IPAlink bó, ceol core
Template:IPAlink dubh, fliuch good Template:IPAlink tú cool
Template:IPAlink solas, milis sofa —
Diphthongs
IPA Examples English

Approximation

Script error: No such module "IPA".[8] bia idea
Script error: No such module "IPA".[8] fuar truant
Script error: No such module "IPA".[8] saghas light
Script error: No such module "IPA".[8] leabhar about
Suprasegmentals
IPA Explanation
Script error: No such module "IPA". primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable);
usually the first syllable except in Munster
Script error: No such module "IPA". secondary stress (usually found only in compounds)

Comparison of transcription schemes

Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. For example, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants with the prime, but that is not standard IPA usage.

This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Template:ISBN) with the systems used in some other works.

IPA Ní Chasaide (1999)[9]
(Gweedore) 		Quiggin (1906)[10]
(Glenties) 		Breatnach (1947)[11]
(Ring) 		Ó Sé (2000)[12]
(Dingle Peninsula) 		Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)[13]
(Erris) 		Ó Siadhail (1988)[14]
(Cois Fharraige) 		Foclóir Póca (1993)[15]
(Lárchanúint)
a a æ, α a a a æ:, a: a
aː æ α: a: ɑː a: ɑ: a:
bˠ bˠ b b b b b b
bʲ bʲ b′ b′ b′ b′ b′ b′
c c k′ k′ k′ k′ k′ k′
ç ç ç ç x′ ç x′ x′
d̪ˠ d̪ˠ d d d d d d
dʲ d̠ʲ d′ d′ d′ d′ d′ d′
eː e e: e: eː e: e: e:
ɛ ɛ ɛ, e e e e e e
ə ə ə ə ə, ɪ ə ə ə
əi — αi əi ai əi ai ai
əu au αu əu ou əu au au
fˠ fˠ f f f f f f
fʲ fʲ f′ f′ f′ f′ f′ f′
ɡ ɡ g g ɡ g g g
ɣ ɣ ℊ γ ɣ ɣ ɣ γ
h h h h, h′ h h h h
iː i i: i: iː i: i: i:
ɪ ɪ ï, i, y i i i i i
iə ia iə iə iːə iə i:ə iə
j j j j ɣ′ j ɣ′ γ′
ɟ ɟ g′ g′ ɡ′ g′ g′ g′
k k k k k k k k
l̪ˠ l̪ˠ L l l L L l
lˠ l l
l̠ʲ l̠ʲ L′ l′ l′ L′ L′ l′
lʲ l l′ l′ l′
mˠ mˠ m m m m m m
mʲ mʲ m′ m′ m′ m′ m′ m′
n̪ˠ n̪ˠ N n n N N n
nˠ n n n
n̠ʲ n̠ʲ N′ n′ n′ N′ N′ n′
nʲ n′ n′ n′
ɲ ɲ ɲ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′ ŋ′
ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ ŋ
oː o o:, ɔ: o: oː o: o: o:
ɔ ʌ ɔ, o̤ o o o o o
pˠ pˠ p p p p p p
pʲ pʲ p′ p′ p′ p′ p′ p′
ɾˠ ɾˠ r, R r r r r r
ɾʲ ɾʲ r′ r′ r′ r′ r′ r′
sˠ sˠ s s s s s s
ʃ ɕ ʃ ʃ ʃ ʃ s′ s′
t̪ˠ t̪ˠ t t t t t t
tʲ t̠ʲ t′ t′ t′ t′ t′ t′
uː u u: u: uː u: u: u:
ʊ ɤ U u u u u u
uə ua uə uə uːə uə u:ə uə
vʲ vʲ v v′ v′ v′ w′ v′
w w w v v w w v
x x χ x x x x x

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript Template:Vr (that is not a capital Y but a Latin letter, based on a Greek lowercase gamma, Template:Vr), are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the Script error: No such module "IPA". in English pill in some accents like RP and General American but not Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by Template:Vr, Template:Vr, and Template:Vr. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript Template:Vr, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate like the articulation of the Template:IPAblink sound in yes Template:IPAc-en. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by Template:Vr and Template:Vr.
  2. ↑ Also Template:IPAblink in some positions in some dialects. In Munster word final Script error: No such module "IPA". is fortified to Script error: No such module "IPA"., merging with Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  3. ↑ a b Word final Script error: No such module "IPA". (Template:Vr) and Script error: No such module "IPA". (Template:Vr or Template:Vr after an epenthetic schwa) have merged with Script error: No such module "IPA". in South Connacht. In North Connacht and Ulster they merge with Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"., respectively. In Munster, the former is realised as Script error: No such module "IPA". and the latter as Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". is both broad and slender.
  5. ↑ a b c d Few, if any, modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of L sound. Most dialects have merged Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as Script error: No such module "IPA"., and some have also merged Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as Script error: No such module "IPA".. Still others have merged Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as Template:IPAblink.
  6. ↑ a b c d Few, if any, modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of N sound. Most dialects have merged Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as Script error: No such module "IPA"., and some have also merged Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as Script error: No such module "IPA".. Still others have merged Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". as Template:IPAblink. In parts of Munster, Script error: No such module "IPA". has merged with Script error: No such module "IPA". in non-initial position.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". depending on dialect and position.
  8. ↑ a b c d All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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