Help:IPA/Conventions for English

The various English dictionaries use different and sometimes conflicting IPA transcriptions for English. For example, the transcription may be used for the vowel of sit, of seat, or at the end of city. A dictionary may not even be consistent between one edition and the next. This table correlates the more widely used dictionaries with the conventions of the IPA key that is used on Wikipedia.

Most dictionaries transcribe a specific dialect or accent, such as the Received Pronunciation (RP) of the Oxford English Dictionary, or a narrow range of dialects. Wikipedia's IPA key, on the other hand, is intended to cover RP, General American, Australian, and other national standards. As such, Wikipedia transcribes where it is found in rhotic dialects, but also the vowel distinctions found in non-rhotic dialects, without distinct UK and US transcriptions. Specific dialects may also be transcribed—local pronunciations of place names are often useful, for example—but they are normally written in addition to a more universal pronunciation.

When entering IPA in an article, please use the Template:Tl template so that it is formatted properly on all web browsers. /Slashes/ and [brackets] should be included inside the IPA template, so that they display in the same font as the IPA itself. Also, please use proper stress and length marks (available at the bottom of your edit window) rather than the non-IPA shortcuts of apostrophe Template:Angbr and colon Template:Angbr; depending on the reader's font preferences, the latter can be ambiguous.

For a list of those languages other than English which have agreed-upon transcriptions in Wikipedia, see Template:Tl. For a comparison of the non-IPA transcriptions found in many US dictionaries, see Pronunciation respelling for English.

Alternative pronunciations

When dictionaries give alternative pronunciations, they may mean that people disagree. For example, some people pronounce bath , with the vowel of bat, while others with the same accent pronounce it , with the vowel of bra. This is the kind of difference celebrated in "You like to-may-toes; I like to-mah-toes". On Wikipedia, we would normally need to transcribe both, unless only one is considered correct, as may be the case for personal and place names.

However, often variant transcriptions reflect distinctions between accents, and these we do not need to transcribe, since our IPA key already covers such distinctions. For example, Merriam-Webster transcribes merry as "" and marry as "". The two transcriptions of marry are meant to show that some people pronounce it the same as merry; it does not mean that there are two pronunciations of marry among those who either do or do not make this distinction (see Mary–marry–merry merger). It would not be possible to have the song lyric "You say marry and I say merry", because only those people who say those words differently would be able to sing it. Therefore on Wikipedia we would only have one transcription for each: merry , marry . Since the IPA key defines the orthographic conventions of and according to basic English words, readers who do not make the marry–merry distinction will see and as being equivalent, much as the spelling pronunciations YOU-clid and EWE-clid for "Euclid" would be seen as equivalent.

Consonants

Consonants vary little between dictionaries. The ones which do are those in the words:

rich, char ;

which, ;

and new, .

Wikipedia editors have decided to go with , , , for these words.

A few dictionaries, such as dictionary.com, use "" for , which is at odds with the official IPA usage, which defines as close front rounded vowel (as in French tu or German über), and appears as such in transcriptions of French and German, as well as some dialects of English.

Vowels

The following tables compare the broad IPA pronunciation scheme of some dictionaries to the one used on Wikipedia. The overview is not exhaustive, but major pronouncing dictionaries have been included. Highlight colors:

• Template:Bg highlights pronunciation symbols that are the same as on Wikipedia (disregarding a syllable divider when it does not mean a two-syllable pronunciation, but only that the belongs to the next syllable, and disregarding different symbolizations of the syllable divider or of );
• Template:Bg highlights pronunciation symbols that differ only in the use of the length symbol , in parentheses, in superscripts, in non-rhotic dropped , or in inserting an optional sign;
• Template:Bg highlights pronunciation symbols that use different signs.

Other conventions:

• A question mark (?) means that the sound has not been found in the respective dictionary.
• A blank cell means that the dictionary has not been checked.
• A slash (/) separates variant pronunciations signs. The order of the variant pronunciation symbols is the same as in the source.
• Smaller text (like so) highlights variant pronunciations that are not preferred (only some dictionaries make such a distinction).
• A comma (,) separates different pronunciation depending on the word or depending on the region. The differences are explained in a footnote or by broadly specifying the region.

Checked vowels

Checked vowels

WP		example word	EPD 1930	EPD 2003		Longman		OALD		OED2	dict		SOED	OED3		K&K		Mac	WL	CUBE
				(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)	(GA)	(ES)
		trap	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	a	a	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ	a
	_V	carry	ær	ær	er/​Template:Bg	ær	ær	ær	ær	ær	ær	ær	ar	ar	ɛr	ær	ær	ær	ær	aɹ
		dress	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	e	ɛ
	_V	merry	er	er	er	er	er	er	er	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	ɛr	er	ɛɹ
		kit	i	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ
	_V	mirror	ir	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪr	ɪɹ
		lot	ɔ	ɒ	ɑː	ɒ	ɑː	ɒ	ɑː	ɒ	ɒ	ɒ	ɒ	ɒ	ɑ	ɑ	ɑ	ɒ	o	ɔ
	_V	forage	ɔr	ɒr	ɔːr	ɒr	ɔːr/​ɑː	ɒr	ɔːr	ɒr	ɒr	ɔr/​Template:Bg	ɒr	ɒr	ɔr/​ɑr	ɔr/​ɑr/​Template:Bg	ɔr/​ɑr/​Template:Bg	ɒr	or, AE: Template:Bg	ɔɹ
		foot	u	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ʊ	ᴜ	ᴜ	ʊ	ʊ	ɵ
	_V	courier	ur	ʊr	ʊr	ʊr/​Template:Bg	ɝː/​Template:Bg	ʊr	ʊr	ʊr/​Template:Bg	ʊər	ɜr/​ʊər	ʊr	ʊr/​Template:Bg	ʊr/​Template:Bg	ᴜr/​Template:Bg	ᴜr/​Template:Bg	ʊr	ʊr, AE: ʊr/​Template:Bg	ɵɹ
		strut	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ə	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ	ʌ
	_V	hurry	ʌr	ʌr	ɝ	ʌr	ɝː	ʌr	ɜːr	ʌr	ʌr	ɜr/​Template:Bg	ʌr	ʌr	ər	ɝ	ɜr/​Template:Bg/​ɝ	ʌr	ʌr, AE: Template:Bg	ʌɹ
WP		example word	EPD 1930	EPD 2003		Longman		OALD		OED2	dict		SOED	OED3		K&K		Mac	WL	CUBE
				(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)	(GA)	(ES)

Free vowels

Free vowels

WP		example word	EPD 1930	EPD 2003		Longman		OALD		OED2	dict		SOED	OED3		K&K		Mac	WL	CUBE
				(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)	(GA)	(ES)
		palm	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑː	ɑ	ɑː	ɑː	ɑ	ɑ	ɑ	a	ɑ	ɑː
	_∅	car	ɑː*	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑː	ɑːr	ɑː(r)	ɑːr	ɑː(r)	ɑː	ɑr	ɑː	ɑː	ɑr	ɑr	ɑː(r	a	ɑ(r)	ɑː
	_C	start	ɑː	ɑː	ɑːr	ɑː	ɑːr	ɑː	ɑːr	ɑː	ɑː	ɑr	ɑː	ɑː	ɑr	ɑr	ɑː	a	ɑ, AE: ɑr	ɑː
	_V	safari, starry	ɑːr	ɑː.r	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑr	ɑːr	ɑːr	ɑr	ɑr	ɑr	ar	ɑr	ɑːɹ
		price	ai	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	ʌɪ	ʌɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	aɪ	ɑɪ	ɑj
	_∅	fire	aiə*	aɪər	aɪɚ	aɪ‿ə	aɪ‿ər	aɪə(r)	aɪər	aɪə(r)Template:Efn	aɪəTemplate:Efn	aɪərTemplate:Efn	ʌɪə	ʌɪə	aɪ(ə)r	aɪr	aɪə(r	aɪə	ɑɪə(r)	ɑjə
	_C	fireman	aiə	aɪə	aɪɚ	aɪ‿ə	aɪ‿ər	aɪə	aɪər	aɪə	aɪə	aɪər	ʌɪə	ʌɪə	aɪ(ə)r	aɪr	aɪə	aɪə	ɑɪə, AE: ɑɪər	ɑjə
	_V	irony, firing	aiər	aɪə.r, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	aɪ.r, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	aɪər, aɪ‿ərTemplate:Efn	aɪər, aɪ‿ərTemplate:Efn	aɪr, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	aɪr, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	aɪər	aɪr	aɪ r	ʌɪr, ʌɪərTemplate:Efn	ʌɪr, ʌɪərTemplate:Efn	aɪr, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	aɪr	aɪr	aɪər	ɑɪər	ɑjɹ
	_∅	flyer, higher	aiə*	aɪ.ər	aɪ.ɚ	aɪ‿ə	aɪ‿ər	aɪə(r)	aɪər	aɪə(r)	aɪə	aɪ ər	ʌɪə	ʌɪə	aɪər	aɪɚ	aɪ•ə(r	aɪə	ɑɪə(r)	ɑjə
		mouth	au	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aʊ	aᴜ	aᴜ	aʊ	ɑʊ	aw
	_∅	flour, hour	auə*	aʊər	aʊr, aʊr/​aʊɚTemplate:Efn	aʊ‿ə	aʊ‿ər	aʊə(r)	aʊər	aʊə(r)Template:Efn	aʊə	aʊər/​Template:Bg	aʊə	aʊəTemplate:Efn	aʊ(ə)rTemplate:Efn	aᴜr	aᴜə(r	aʊə	ɑʊə(r)	awə
	_C	hourglass, hourly	auə	aʊə	aʊr/​aʊɚ	aʊ‿ə	aʊ‿ər	aʊə	aʊər	aʊə	aʊə	aʊər/​Template:Bg	aʊə	aʊə	aʊər	aᴜr	aᴜə	aʊə		awə
	_V	floury	auər	aʊə.r	aʊə.r	aʊ‿ər	aʊ‿ər	aʊər	aʊər	aʊər	aʊərTemplate:Efn	aʊər/​Template:Bg	aʊər	aʊər		aᴜr	aᴜər	aʊər		awɹ
	_∅	flower	auə*	aʊər	aʊɚ	aʊ‿ə	aʊ‿ər	aʊə(r)	aʊər	aʊə(r)	aʊə	aʊ ər	aʊə	aʊə/​Template:Bg	aʊər	aᴜɚ/​aᴜr	aᴜ•ə(r/​Template:Bg	aʊə	ɑʊə(r)	awə
	_C	flowerbed	auə	aʊə	aʊɚ	aʊ‿ə	aʊ‿ər	aʊə	aʊər	aʊə	aʊəTemplate:Efn	aʊər	aʊə			aᴜr	aᴜə	aʊə	ɑʊə, AE: ɑʊər	awə
	_V	flowery	auər	aʊə.r	aʊɚ	aʊ‿ər	aʊ‿ər	aʊər	aʊər	aʊər	aʊər	aʊ ə r	aʊər	aʊər	aʊr	aᴜr	aᴜər	aʊər		awəɹ
		face	ei	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	eɪ	e	e	eɪ	eɪ	ɛj
	_∅	square	ɛə*	eər	er	eə	eər/​æər	eə(r)	er	ɛə(r)	ɛə	ɛər	ɛː	ɛː	ɛ(ə)r	ɛr/​ær	æə(r, E: Template:Bg	ɛə	eə, AE: eər	ɛː
	_C	bairn	ɛə	eə	er	eə	eər	eə	er	ɛə	ɛə	ɛər	ɛː	ɛː	ɛr	ɛr/​ær/​er	æə/​eə, E: Template:Bg	ɛə	eə, AE: eər	ɛː
	_V	fairy	ɛər	eə.r	er	eər		eər	er	ɛər	ɛər	ɛər	ɛːr	ɛːr	ɛr	ɛr/​ɛːr/​ær	ɛr/​ɛːr/​ær, S: ær/​er	ɛər	eər	ɛːɹ
	_∅	prayerTemplate:Efn, layer	eiə*	eɪ.ər, eɪ.ər/Template:BgTemplate:Efn	eɪ.ɚ	eɪ ə	eɪ ər	eɪə(r)/​eə(r)	eɪər	eɪə(r)	eɪə	eɪ ər	eɪə	eɪə	eɪər/​ɛ(ə)r	e•ɚ	e•ə(r	eɪə	eɪə(r)	ɛjə
		fleece	iː	iː	iː	iː	iː	iː	iː	iː	iː	i	iː	iː	i	i	i	i	i	ɪj
	_∅	near	iə*	ɪər	ɪr	ɪə	ɪər	ɪə(r)	ɪr	ɪə(r)	ɪə	ɪər	ɪə	ɪə	ɪ(ə)r	ɪr	ɪə(r	ɪə	ɪə(r)	ɪː
	_C	beard	iə	ɪə	ɪr	ɪə	ɪər	ɪə	ɪr	ɪə	ɪə	ɪər	ɪə	ɪə	ɪ(ə)r	ɪr	ɪə	ɪə	ɪə, AE: Template:Bg	ɪː
	_V	eerie	iər	ɪə.r	ɪr	ɪər	ɪr	ɪər	ɪr	iːr	ɪər	ɪər	ɪər	ɪər	ɪr	ɪr/​ir	ɪr/​ir	ɪər	ɪər	ɪːɹ
	_∅	seer, freer	i(ː)ə*	iː.ər/Template:Bg, iː.ərTemplate:Efn	iː.ɚ	iː‿ə	iː‿ər	ɪə(r), Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪr, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪə(r)/​iːə(r), iːə(r)Template:Efn	iːəTemplate:Efn	i ər	ɪə/​iːə	iːə/​ɪə	iər/​ɪ(ə)r	iɚ	i•ə(r	ɪə	ɪə(r)	ɪjə
		thought	ɔː	ɔː	ɑː/​Template:Bg	ɔː	ɑː	ɔː	ɔː	ɔː	ɔː	ɔ	ɔː	ɔː	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	oː
	_∅	war	ɔː*/​Template:Bg	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔː	ɔːr	ɔː(r)	ɔːr	ɔː(r)	ɔː	ɔr	ɔː	ɔː	ɔ(ə)r	ɔr	ɔə(r	ɔ	ɔ(r)	oː
	_C	north	ɔː	ɔː	ɔːr	ɔː	ɔːr	ɔː	ɔːr	ɔː	ɔː	ɔr	ɔː	ɔː	ɔ(ə)r	ɔr	ɔə	ɔ	ɔ, AE: ɔr	oː
	_V	aural	ɔːr	ɔː.r	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔr	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔr	ɔr	ɔr	ɔr	ɔr	oːɹ
	_∅	drawerTemplate:Efn, rawer	ɔːə*	ɔː.ər	ɑː.ɚ/​ɔː.ɚ	ɔːr ə	ɔː‿ər/​ɑː‿ər	ɔːə(r)	ɔːər	ɔːə(r)	ɔːə	ɔ ər	ɔː(r)ə	ɔːə		ɔ•ɚ	ɔ•ə(r	ɔə	ɔə(r)
		goat	ou	əʊ	oʊ	əʊ	oʊ	əʊ	əʊ	əʊ	əʊ	oʊ	əʊ	əʊ	oʊ	o	o	oʊ	əʊ	əw
	_∅	ore	ɔː*/​Template:Bg	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔː	ɔːr/​Template:Bg	ɔː(r)	ɔːr	ɔə(r)	ɔː	ɔr/​Template:Bg		ɔː	ɔ(ə)r	or/​Template:Bg	oə(r	ɔ	ɔ(r)	oː
	_C	force	ɔː	ɔː	ɔːr	ɔː	ɔːr/​Template:Bg	ɔː	ɔːr	ɔə	ɔː	ɔr/​Template:Bg	ɔː	ɔː	ɔ(ə)r	or/​Template:Bg	oə	ɔ	ɔ, AE: ɔr	oː
	_V	oral	ɔːr	ɔː.r	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔːr/​Template:Bg	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔər	ɔːr/​Template:Bg	ɔr/​Template:Bg	ɔːr	ɔːr	ɔr	or/​ɔr	or/​Template:Bg, S: or	Template:Bg	ɔr, AE: Template:Bg	oːɹ
	_∅	mower, lowerTemplate:Efn	ouə*	əʊ.ər	oʊ.ɚ	əʊ ə	oʊ ər	əʊə(r)	əʊər	əʊə(r)	əʊə	oʊ ər	əʊə	əʊə	oʊər	o•ɚ	o•ə(r	oʊə	əʊə, AE: əʊər	əwə
		choice	ɔi	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	ɔɪ	oj
	_∅	coir	ɔiə*	ɔɪər	ɔɪr	ɔɪ ə	ɔɪər	ɔɪə(r)	ɔɪər	ɔɪə(r)	ɔɪəTemplate:Efn	ɔɪr	ɔɪə	ɔɪə		ɔɪr	ɔɪə(r	ɔɪə		ojə
	_∅	employer	ɔiə*	ɔɪ.ər	ɔɪ.ɚ	ɔɪ ə	ɔɪ ər	ɔɪə(r)	ɔɪər	ɔɪə(r)	ɔɪə	ɔɪ ər	ɔɪə	ɔɪə	ɔɪ(j)ər/​ɔjər	ɔjɚ	ɔɪ•ə(r/​Template:Bg	ɔɪə		ojə
		goose	uː	uː	uː	uː	uː	uː	uː	uː	uː	u	uː	uː	u	u	u	u	u	ʉw
	_∅	cure	uə*/​oə*/​ɔə*/​ɔː*	ʊə	ʊr	ʊə/​Template:Bg	ʊər	ʊə(r)	ʊr	ʊə(r)	ʊə	ʊər	ʊə	ʊə/​Template:Bg	ʊ(ə)r	ᴜr	ᴜə(r	ʊə/​Template:Bg/​Template:Bg	ʊə(r)	ɵː/​oːTemplate:Efn
	_C	procurement, poorness	uə/​oə/​ɔə/​ɔː	ʊə/Template:Bg, Template:Bg/ʊəTemplate:Efn	ʊr	ɔː/​Template:Bg	ʊr/​ɔːr	ʊə, Template:Bg/ʊəTemplate:Efn	ʊr, ʊr/ɔːrTemplate:Efn	ʊə	ʊə	ʊər	ʊə	ʊə/​Template:Bg	ur/​ʊr	ᴜr	ᴜə/​Template:Bg	ʊə/​Template:Bg/​Template:Bg	ʊə/​ɔ, AE: Template:Bg	ɵː, oːTemplate:Efn
	_V	fury	uər/​oər/​ɔər/​ɔːr	ʊə.r	ʊr	ʊər/​Template:Bg	ʊr	ʊər	ʊr	ʊər	ʊər	ʊər	ʊər	ʊər/Template:Bg	ur, ʊrTemplate:Efn	ᴜr	ᴜr	ur	ʊər	ɵːɹ/​oːɹ
	_∅	fewer, sewerTemplate:Efn	uə*/​oə*	uː.ər, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	uː.ɚ	uː‿ə	uː‿ər	uːə(r)	uːər	uːə(r)	uːə	u ər	uːə	uːə	uər/​ʊər	u•ɚ	u•ə(r	uə	uə(r)	ʉwə
	_∅	fur	əː*	ɜːr	ɝː	ɜː	ɝː	ɜː(r)	ɜːr	ɜː(r)	ɜː	ɜr	əː	əː	ər	ɝ	ɜ(r/​Template:Bg	ɜ	ɜ	əː
	_C	nurse	əː	ɜː	ɝː	ɜː	ɝː	ɜː	ɜːr	ɜː	ɜː	ɜr	əː	əː	ər	ɝ	ɜ/​Template:Bg	ɜ	ɜ	əː
	_V	furry	əːr	ɜː.r	ɝː	ɜːr	ɝː	ɜːr	ɜːr	ɜːr	ɜːr	ɜr	əːr	əːr	ər	ɝ	ɜr/​Template:Bg	ɜr	ɜr	əːɹ
WP		example word	EPD 1930	EPD 2003		Longman		OALD		OED2	dict		SOED	OED3		K&K		Mac	WL	CUBE
				(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)	(GA)	(ES)

Reduced vowels

Reduced vowels

WP		example word	EPD 1930	EPD 2003		Longman		OALD		OED2	dict		SOED	OED3		K&K		Mac	WL	CUBE
				(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)	(GA)	(ES)
		comma, ago	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə	ə
		kitten	n	ən	ən	ən	ən	n	n	(ə)n	ən	n	(ə)n	n̩	ən	n̩	n̩	n	n	ən
		rhythm	m	əm	əm	əm	əm	əm	əm	(ə)m	əm	əm	əm	m̩	əm	əm/​Template:Bg	əm/​Template:Bg	əm	m	əm
		middle	l	l̩	l̩	əl	əl	l	l	(ə)l	əl	l	(ə)l	l̩/Template:Bg	(ə)l	l̩	l̩	l	l	əl
	_∅	letter	ə*	ər	ɚ	ə	ər	ə(r)	ər	ə(r)	ə	ər	ə	ə	ər	ɚ	ə(r	ə	ə(r)	ə
	_C	bittersweet	ə	ə	ɚ	ə	ər	ə	ər	ə	ə	ər	ə	ə	ər	ɚ	ə	ə		ə
	_V	murderer	ər	ər	ɚ	‿ər	ər	ər	ər	ər	ərTemplate:Efn	ər	(ə)r	(ə)r	ər	ər	ər	ər	ər	əɹ
		happy	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	ɪ	ɪ	i	i	i	i	ɪ	ɪ	i	ɪ	ɪj
		situation, actuate	u	u	u	u	u	u	u	uː	ʊ	u	ʊ	ʊ	əw	ᴜ/​əwTemplate:Efn	ᴜ/​əwTemplate:Efn	u	ʊ	ʉw
		roses, enough, enounce, emission, mistress	i, i/Template:Bg, i/iː, i(ː)Template:Efn	ɪ, ɪ/ə, ə/ɪ, ɪ/Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪ, ɪ/ə, ɪ/Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪ/ə, ɪ/ə/Template:Bg, ɪ/Template:Bg, ə/ɪTemplate:Efn	ə, ɪ/ə, ɪ/ə/Template:Bg, ɪ/Template:Bg, ə/ɪTemplate:Efn	ɪ, əTemplate:Efn	ɪ, əTemplate:Efn	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ	ɪ, Template:Bg/ɪTemplate:Efn	ɪ, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪ, əTemplate:Efn	ɪ, ə/ɪ, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪ, ə/ɪ, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ə, ə/Template:Bg, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	ɪ, ɪ/ə, ə/ɪTemplate:Efn	ɪ, əTemplate:Efn
		follow, cooperate, omission, kilogram	ou, ou, o/ou/Template:Bg, o/Template:BgTemplate:Efn	əʊ, əʊTemplate:Efn	oʊ, oʊ/əTemplate:Efn	əʊ, əʊ, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	oʊ, oʊ/ə, əTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, əTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, əTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, əTemplate:Efn	əʊ	oʊ, əTemplate:Efn	əʊ, ə(ʊ), Template:BgTemplate:Efn	əʊ, ə(ʊ), Template:BgTemplate:Efn	oʊ, oʊ/ə, əTemplate:Efn	o/Template:Bg, o, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	o/Template:Bg, o, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	oʊ, oʊ/ə, əTemplate:Efn	əʊ, Template:Bg/əʊ, Template:BgTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, əTemplate:Efn
		beautiful, curriculum	u, u/əTemplate:Efn	ə/ʊ, ə/ʊTemplate:Efn	ə/ʊ, əTemplate:Efn	ə/ʊ, ʊ/əTemplate:Efn	ə/ʊ, əTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, əTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, əTemplate:Efn	ʊ	ʊ	ə	ʊ/(ə), ʊTemplate:Efn	(ᵿ), ᵿTemplate:Efn	ə	əTemplate:Efn	əTemplate:Efn	ʊ, əTemplate:Efn	Template:Bg, ʊTemplate:Efn	ə
WP		example word	EPD 1930	EPD 2003		Longman		OALD		OED2	dict		SOED	OED3		K&K		Mac	WL	CUBE
				(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)	(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)		(BE)	(AE)	(GA)	(ES)

Stress

Stress need not be included in the notation of a monosyllabic word since it is self-evident. In phrases, however, it is advised to include stress even of a monosyllabic word because a lack of stress may indicate a different pronunciation than intended. For example, in the name Zack de la Rocha, Zack and Rocha have stress, but de la does not: . It would therefore convey an incorrect pronunciation to leave the stress mark off Zack.

OED2 does not indicate stress on monosyllables, but uses the stress mark to disambiguate disyllables: higher () vs. hire (). On WP, the distinction is made with the aid of the syllabification mark: , .

Dictionaries also disagree on secondary stress. Generally, any stressed syllable prior to the last is marked as secondary (), and that convention is followed here. However, several dictionaries also mark full (unreduced) vowels as having secondary stress when they come after the primary stress, even though they are not actually stressed: cerebrate, dict.com , OED2 . This practice is avoided on Wikipedia; if you have a word transcribed , it should probably be : .