Helenium amarum

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Helenium amarum is a species of annual herb in the daisy family known by the common names yellowdicks, yellow sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, and bitter sneezeweed. It is native to much of the south-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico)[1] and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila),[2] and it is present elsewhere in North America, Australia, and the West Indies as an introduced species.[1][3][4][5]

Helenium amarum is a multibranched bushy erect plant reaching 20 to 70 centimeters (8-28 inches) in height and thickly foliated in narrow to threadlike leaves. The tops of stem branches hold inflorescences of many daisy-like flower heads. Each head has a rounded center of sometimes as many as 250 golden yellow disc florets and a fringe of 8-10 usually lighter yellow ray florets which are reflexed away from the center. The fruit is a tiny achene about a millimeter long. This herb is weedy in some areas.[2]

The plant is somewhat toxic to mammals[6] and insects[7] due to the presence of the lactone tenulin.

Varieties[8][2]

References

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  1. ↑ a b Template:BONAP
  2. ↑ a b c Template:EFloras
  3. ↑ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100.
  4. ↑ Tropicos, specimen listing for Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
  5. ↑ Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bitter weed (Helenium amarum)
  6. ↑ Ivie, G. W., et al. (1975). Toxicity and milk bittering properties of tenulin, the major sesquiterpene lactone constituent of Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed). J Agric Food Chem 23:5 845-9.
  7. ↑ Arnason, J. T., et al. (1987). Mode of action of the sesquiterpene lactone, tenulin, from Helenium amarum against herbivorous insects. J Nat Prod 50:4 690-5.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".

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External links

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