Heavy-lift ship

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File:MV Blue Marlin carrying USS Cole.jpg
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File:RFA Sir Tristram & MV Dan Lifter late 1982.JPG
MV Dan Lifter returns Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". to the United Kingdom in 1983 after she was badly damaged during the Falklands War of 1982.
File:Vigo Soldando el portaaviones HMAS Adelaide sobre el buque-plataforma Blue Marlin (11359189116).jpg
The incomplete Australian landing helicopter dock Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". embarked on Blue Marlin
File:Zhi Yuan Kou on front of Queen Juliana Bridge in Curaçao.jpg
Cosco Shipping Zhi Yan Kou in Curaçao carrying three smaller vessels on board.[1]
File:Super Servant 4.jpg
Spliethoff groups yacht transport semi-submersible Super Servant 4 in Curaçao.
File:Happy Diamond, Fremantle, 2023 (01).jpg
Project cargo ship Happy Diamond berthed at Fremantle, Australia

A heavy-lift ship is a vessel designed to move very large loads that cannot be transported by normal ships. They are of two types:

  • Semi-submersible ships that take on water ballast to allow the load—usually another vessel—to be floated over the deck, whereupon the ballast is jettisoned and the ship's deck and cargo raised above the waterline.[2]
  • Project cargo ships that use at least one heavy-lift crane for handling heavy cargo and sufficient ballast to assure stability and sea-keeping properties.[3]

Description

There are several types of heavy-lift ships:

Semi-submersible ships

Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships have a long and low well deck between a forward pilot house and an aft machinery space. In superficial appearance, it is somewhat similar to a dry bulk carrier or some forms of oil tanker. Its ballast tanks can be flooded to lower the well deck below the water's surface, allowing oil platforms, other vessels, or other floating cargo to be moved into position for loading (float-on/float-off). The tanks are then pumped out, and the well deck rises to bear the load. To balance the cargo, the tanks can be pumped out unevenly.[2]

Float-on/float off vessels transport oil drilling rigs. Such ships can carry the rigs from their construction site to a drilling site at roughly three to four times the speed of a self-deploying rig. Rapid deployment of the rig to the drilling site can result in major savings. They also transport other out-sized cargo and yachts.[4]

The People's Liberation Army Navy's semi-submersible ship Yinmahu, in service with the South Sea Fleet, is used for emergency repair of smaller ships, transporting LCACs who lack the range and also can be used to carry cargo.[5][6]

The U.S. Navy has used such ships to bring damaged warships back to the United States for repair.[7] The first was the guided missile frigate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., which was nearly sunk by a naval mine in the central Persian Gulf on 14 April 1988. The frigate was towed to Dubai, then floated home to Newport, Rhode Island, aboard Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..[8]

Eleven years later, Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". transported the U.S. guided missile destroyer Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". from Aden, Yemen, to Pascagoula, Mississippi, after the warship was damaged in a bombing attack on 12 October 2000.

Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". was transported from Japan to Alabama after its 2017 collision with Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"..

The U.S. Navy has also chartered other heavy lift ships to carry smaller craft, usually mine-countermeasure craft, or other patrol craft. Since there are no US-flagged heavy float-on/float-off ships, the U.S. Navy normally relies on its Military Sealift Command to charter them from the world commercial market.[7]

In 2004, Blue Marlin carried the world's largest semi-submersible oil platform, BP's Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., from the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering shipyard in South Korea to Kiewit Offshore Services in Ingleside, Texas.[9]

Many of the larger ships of this class are owned by the company Dockwise, including Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Blue Marlin, and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".. In 2004, Dockwise increased the deck width of Blue Marlin, to make it the then-largest heavy transport carrier in the world until it was surpassed by the launch of Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in 2012. One of the company's vessels, Mighty Servant 2, capsized and sank after hitting an uncharted single underwater isolated pinnacle of granite off Indonesia in November 1999.

Cosco Shipping has available a fleet of 16 different size semi-submersible vessels which they claim to be the world's largest semi-submersible heavy lift fleet.[10][11]

Dutch Spliethoff groups DYT Yacht Transport provides services with this type of vessel to yacht owners enabling to have their yacht "where it needs to be, when it needs to be there".[12]

Project cargo ships

Project cargo ships are non-submersible ships that load large and heavy cargo items with one or more on-board cranes. Such vessels have between 13,000 and 19,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) capacity. Examples of cargo transported includes container cranes, bridge sections, and suction piles.[3]

History

During the 1920s, the Bremen-based shipping company DDG Hansa had a growing demand of shipments for assembled locomotives to British India. That resulted in the construction of the world's first heavy lift vessel, Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". with a Script error: No such module "convert". derrick.[13] After World War II, DDG Hansa became the world's largest heavy lift shipping company. In terms of lifting capacity it reached its maximum in 1978 with refitting the Japanese-built bulk carrier MV Trifels with two Script error: No such module "convert". Stülcken derricks. Soon after that, in 1980, DDG became bankrupt. With that, only the Dutch shipping companies Jumbo, BigLift Shipping (until 2001 named Mammoet Shipping) and SAL Heavy lift[14] were left as heavy lift shipping specialists.

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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