R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie, was a shipbuilder and locomotive manufacturer. The company was founded on Tyneside in 1886 and ceased building ships in 1982.

History

File:Falmouth Docks number 3 Middy.jpg
Falmouth Docks number 3 in steam at the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway

The company was formed by the merger of the shipbuilder A. Leslie and Company in Hebburn with the locomotive works of R and W Hawthorn at St. Peter's in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1886.[1] The company displaced its locomotive manufacturing interests in 1937 to Robert Stephenson and Company, which became Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns Ltd.[2]

Perhaps the most famous ship built by the Company was HMS Kelly, launched in 1938 and commanded by Lord Louis Mountbatten.[3] In 1954, the shipbuilding and marine engine activities were put into separate subsidiaries, Hawthorn Leslie (Shipbuilders) Ltd. and Hawthorn Leslie (Engineers) Ltd.[4] In 1968 the Company's shipbuilding interests were merged with that of Swan Hunter and the Vickers Naval Yard to create Swan Hunter & Tyne Shipbuilders.[5]

The company's shipbuilding and marine engineering interests were both nationalised and subsumed with British Shipbuilders in 1977;[4] in 1979 its engine business was merged with George Clark & NEM, which had also been nationalised, to form Clark Hawthorn.[4]

The company's main shipbuilding yard at Hebburn closed in 1982,[6] was sold to Cammell Laird[7] and then acquired by A&P Group in 2001[8] but now lies derelict.[9] The Company itself, deprived of its main activity, diversified into telephones.[10] In March 1993, Vodafone made a bid for the Company which by then had become a mobile phone air time reseller.

The Hawthorn Leslie building still standing in Hebburn has been the target of numerous arson attacks in recent years.[11] This, combined with the presence of asbestos in the brickwork and the ease of access to children, has led to repeated calls from Hebburn residents and councillors for the building to be demolished.

Locomotives

After the merger the locomotive side continued manufacturing for main line, light and industrial railways, including a large number built for export, usually to the designs of the Crown Agents.

Designs

Steam

The company manufactured locomotives to order for main line companies. Four 0-4-4TTemplate:Whyte suffix locomotives were supplied to the Metropolitan Railway between 1896 and 1901. In 1915, F. G. Smith of the Highland Railway ordered six 4-6-0Template:Whyte suffixs to his own designs. However they were rejected by that railway as being too heavy, they were taken over by the Caledonian Railway. The London and North Eastern Railway ordered a batch of Great Central designed locomotives from the Company in 1925/6.

In addition it built locomotives to its own designs such as a 4-2-2-0Template:Whyte suffix with four cylinders - two inside and two outside - connected separately to the two pairs of driving wheels. It was produced for the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 but could not produce sufficient steam to compete effectively with the American products.

The company later had a number of standard designs including 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffixs and fireless locomotives.

Origin Wheel
arrangement 		Class Notes Photograph
Hawthorn Leslie 2-4-0Template:Whyte suffix No. 1 Tenterden. Works number 2420/1899. Bought new for the opening of the line. Withdrawn for overhaul in 1938, scrapped in 1941.[12] File:Rother Valley Railway No. 1 Tenterde.jpg
Hawthorn Leslie 2-4-0Template:Whyte suffix No. 2 Northiam. Works number 2421/1899. Bought new for the opening of the line. Loaned in 1917 to the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Railway, returned in 1918. Loaned in 1923 to the East Kent Light Railway, returned in 1930. In 1937, Northiam starred in Oh, Mr Porter!, filmed on the Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway.[12] Last ran on 22 August 1938[13] and scrapped in 1941.[12]
PD&SWJR no. Name LSWR number Wheel
arrangement 		Driving
wheels 		Cylinders Boiler
pressure 		Notes
3 A. S. Harris 756 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix 3 ft 10 in 14" x 22" 170 psi
4 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe 757 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffix 4 ft 0 in 16" x 24" 170 psi
5 Lord St Levan 758 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffix 4 ft 0 in 16" x 24" 170 psi
  • Hawthorn Leslie 0-8-0Template:Whyte suffix Built 1906, and became K&ESR, No. 4 and named "Hecate," The locomotive was an outside cylindered 0-8-0 side tank engine with a short wheelbase and flangeless driven wheels to cope with the sharp curves expected on the new line. With 16 in by 24 in cylinders and 4 ft 3 in diameter driving wheels, its tractive effort was 16,385 lb, more than twice that of the line's other locomotives and sufficient to take trains over the 1 in 40 gradients of the North Downs crossing. The engine was painted dark blue and lined in red, with a copper cap to the chimney and a polished brass dome. Eventually, in 1932 they exchanged "Hecate" for an older LSWR "Saddleback" and two spare boilers from the Southern Railway (SR). This was a good bargain on the SR's part, as they repainted "Hecate" (keeping the name), numbered it 949, and sent it to Nine Elms, where it worked almost daily on shunting duties until eventual scrapping in 1950.
  • Two Hawthorn Leslie 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffix locomotives were supplied to the Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway in 1911. Named Pyramus and Thisbe, these seem not to have been a success, and soon departed, one of them to the Longmoor Military Railway in Hampshire.
  • Hawthorn Leslie built 27, A class 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffix steam tank locomotives designed by J. Cameron and introduced to the Taff Vale Railway in 1914.
List of TVR A class locomotive orders
Year Quantity Manufacturer Works Numbers TVR Numbers GWR Numbers Notes
1914 6 Hawthorn Leslie 3057–3062 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 120 438, 335, 337, 343, 344, 441 441 renumbered 322 in 1947, 438 renumbered 309 sometime between 1948 and 1950
1920 16 Hawthorn Leslie 3394–3409 20, 134, 144, 149, 162, 164, 165, 400 to 408 345, 368, 375, 376, 383 to 391, 393, 394, 397
1921 5 Hawthorn Leslie 3410–3414 409 to 413 398, 399, 401 to 403 401 and 403 renumbered 303 and 305 in 1947, 402 renumbered 304 sometime between 1948 and 1950
Diesel

Hawthorn Leslie, in collaboration with the English Electric Company, built diesel shunting locomotives for the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in the 1930s. This design formed the basis for the later British Rail Class 08 diesel shunter.

Electric
File:Maison W. Hanning.jpg
Electric battery locomotives in advertisement

Hawthorn Leslie, and its successor Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns, built four electric locomotives for Kearsley power station between 1928 and 1946 and three of these still exist. No. 2 has been converted to battery operation and is in use at Heysham nuclear power station. Nos. 1 and 3 are preserved, see below.

Preserved locomotives

File:Burra 0-4-0ST Locomotive.jpg
Burra (short for Kookaburra) was ordered by Corrimal Colliery on 1 May 1923
Steam

28 Hawthorn Leslie Tank Engines are in preservation today:

Fireless
Diesel
Electric

Two of the Kearsley power station locomotives (see above) are preserved. No. 1 at the Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire and no. 3 at the Tanfield Railway.

Shipbuilding

Ships built by Hawthorn Leslie included: Script error: No such module "Hatnote".

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Aircraft Carriers

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Cruisers

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Frigates

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Destroyers

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Royal Fleet Auxiliary

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Merchant ships

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  • SS Barneson
  • MV Beacon Grange[16]
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  • SS Cass
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  • SS Suntrap
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See also

References

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  1. ↑ Local information on Hebburn Template:Webarchive
  2. ↑ Building for the World The Journal, 22 May 2007
  3. ↑ HMS Kelly Template:Webarchive
  4. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Swan Hunter: History Template:Webarchive
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Shipbuilders on the Tyne with Shetland Ancestry Template:Webarchive
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Danger Yard South Shields Gazette, 8 June 2006
  10. ↑ Blue chips take the lead as shares rally Independent, 13 February 2003
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Further reading

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External links

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