Hatuqway

Template:Short description Template:Short description Template:Circassians The HatuqwayTemplate:Efn are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They were known for their art of war as a warrior tribe. Their presence in the Caucasus was destroyed during the Circassian genocide following the Russo-Circassian War; their number was significantly reduced and today they exist only in small communities in various diasporas, and their names are not mentioned anymore in Circassian dialectology.

History

The Hatuqway were a western Circassian tribal princedom whose homeland lay along the banks of the Kuban River. The Hatuqway people lived mostly in the mountains between the lower valleys of the Pshish River and the Belaya River. Due to their small size and closeness to Temirgoy tribe, they were considered as one of the subgroups of Temirgoy. Their neighbours were Bzhedug (West), Abadzekhs (South) and, naturally, Temirgoys (East).

In the time before the Russian invasion, the Hatuqway were known as a powerful and warlike tribe that fought many wars mostly against the Crimean Tatars.

Turkish explorer Evliya Çelebi compiled the oldest detailed description of the Hatuqway tribe, he wrote:

Template:QuoteAfter Imperial Russia's conquest of the Caucasus in the 1860s the tribe's homeland was occupied, and its members were scattered among the other Circassian tribes, resulting in the Hatuqway effectively ceasing to exist as a separate entity.

Today, the Hatuqway have several villages in various diasporas. The Hatuqway dialect is one of the Circassian languages in big danger of extinction.

Etymology

The widely accepted theory is that the names derives from Prince Inal the Great's son Temruk's son Hatko, who was prince of the Taman Peninsula. His principality is called Hatuqway (Place of Hatko) and the people of the principality are described as "From Hatuqway". Thus the name of the principality became the name of the tribe.

Another outdated theory about the origin of the name 'Hatuqway' is that it is from Хьаты ("Hatti") + Къуэ ("son"); meaning "Hattic son". 'Hatti' is an ancient name, originally referring to a non-Indo-European people of ancient Anatolia. Some researchers have claimed there may be links between Circassians and Indo-European-speaking communities, and some have argued that there are connections between Circassians and Hatti, who are from ancient Anatolian peoples, but these theories have not been addressed further and are not widely accepted. This Circassian tribe may preserve this name. This name also occurs elsewhere in the Caucasus in a Nart saga wherein the hero Batraz is said to speak in Hattic.

Culture

Traditional Hatuqway culture is part of greater Circassian culture. The Hatuqway were engaged in agriculture, cattle and horse breeding. Before Islam, the Hatuqways worshipped Jesus as well as the gods of Circassians such as Shibla (god of lightning and thunder), Sozeresh (god of fertility), Yamish, Ahin, and Hakustash.

Language

The Hatuqway speak the Hatuqway dialect of Adyghe, which is in the Circassian language branch of the Northwest Caucasian languages. Nowadays, the number of speakers of this language has decreased considerably and it could not find a place in the literary language as there is no Hatuqway left in the Caucasus.

Hatuqway villages and families

Villages

Below are some of the Hatuqway villages in Turkey.

Province	Adyghe name	Turkish name	Source
Kayseri	Къэйнэр, Qəynər	Kaynar
Kayseri	Чэчэнэй, Çəçənəy	Beserek
Kayseri	Лакхьэблэ, Lakhəblə	Tersakan
Kayseri	Лыбыйхьэблэ, Lıbıyhəblə	Kavak/Kavakkköy
Kayseri	Мэлак, Məlak	Malak/Malakköy
Kayseri	Пэдысэй, Pədısəy	Akören
Kayseri	Хаджыисхьакъ, Xacıyishaq	Demirciören
Bolu	Пэциехьэблэ, Pətsiyehəblə	Elmalık
Bilecik	Хьатыкъуае, Hatıquaye	Poyra
Bilecik	Адыгэчэпни, Adıgəçəpni	Çerkesçepni/Yeniçepni

Clans

Below are some of the Hatuqway clans in Turkey.

Adyghe name	Turkish name	Russian name
Бзадж	Bzac	Бзаджов
Джэндар	Candar	Джандаров
Иуаныкъу	Yivanuk	Иваников
Къокӏасэ	Koçase	Кочесеко
ЛӀымафэкъо	Lımafko	Тлимафов
МэфэшIукъо	Mafeşuko	Мафошов
Пэдыс	Pedıs	Падисов
Такъырыкъо	Takırıko	Такириков
Шэджэрыкъо	Şacerıko	Шегероков
Жьанэ	Jane	Жанев
Мастыр	Mastır	Мастиров
Шъобае	Şobaye	Собаев
Хьатыкъо	Hatıko	Хатиков
Хьапае	Hapaye	Хапаев
Утыж	Vutıj	Утижов
Еутых	Yevtıh	Еутыхов
Брыдж	Brıc	Бриджов
Чыназыр	Çınazır	Чиназиров
Нэжъ	Nej	Нажев
ЛIышъхьакъо	Lışhako	Тлишхаков
ЦIэгъош	Tseğoş	Цегошов
Дэбракъыкъо	Debrakıko	Дебракиков
Бэрзэдж	Berzec	Берзеков
Иуныхь	Yivnıh	Юнихов
Къалэбатэ	Kalebate	Калибатов
Хьэбатыр	Hebatır	Хабатыров

See also

• Circassians#Tribes
• Ethnic cleansing of Circassians
• Shapsugs
• Bzhedug
• Abzakhs
• Zhaney
• Mamkhegh
• Natukhai
• Temirgoy
• Besleney

External links

• The Hatuqway nation