Haitian Canadians

Template:Short description Template:Short description Haitian Canadians (Template:Langx) are Canadians of Haitian descent or Haiti-born people who reside in Canada. As of 2016, more than 86% of Haitian Canadians reside in Quebec.

Haitian migration to Canada

Immigration

1960–1980

Immigration from Haiti to Quebec started in 1963. Haitian settlement in the Quebec municipality Montreal increased about 40% between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Immigration data from 1968 shows that Haiti placed fifteenth in overall origin countries outputting migrants to Quebec; in addition, Haiti had 1.6% of the total immigration percentage of Quebec in 1968. In the span of five years, Haiti became the second-largest source country for Quebec immigration, accounting for 8.4% of the total number of immigrants to Quebec in 1973.

The impact of nationalism and political tension in Haiti on immigration

The migration of Haitian immigrants between 1969 and 1974 can be understood through the political institutions in place within Haiti at the time. Haiti was governed by way of a dictatorship, led by François Duvalier. Duvalier had been contested by the leftist Unified Party of Haitian Communists, who failed in resisting Duvalier's authoritarian regime. Duvalier's death and the subsequent succession of his son Jean-Claude Duvalier led to the notion of “patriotic action”, a declaration of nationalism directed towards Haitian Canadian and Haitian American immigrants, as well as a call to action in assisting their Haitian brethren. Haitian Canadians joined forces with their home country brethren in some cases to assist in the "“resolution of the Haitian crisis” and to attempt to establish greater leftist political power. The idea of “patriotic action” finalized with the potential deportation faced by around 700 Haitian Canadians from 1972 to 1973. These Haitian Québécois joined forces under a protest movement in regards to their rights as citizens; these protests were organized by the Christian community of Haitians of Montreal.

Demographics

Number of Haitian nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year
Year	Number of Haitian nationals admitted	Total number of permanent residents admitted	Proportion of permanent residents admitted
2002	2,217	229,048
2003	1,945	221,349
2004	1,657	235,823
2005	1,719	262,242
2006	1,650	251,640
2007	1,614	236,753
2008	2,509	247,246
2009	2,085	252,174
2010	4,552	280,691
2011	6,208	248,748

Haitian Canadians by Canadian province or territory (2016)

Province	Population	Percentage	Source
Quebec	143,165	1.8%
Ontario	17,715	0.1%
Alberta	2,235	0.1%
British Columbia	1,140	0.0%
Nova Scotia	355	0.0%
New Brunswick	305	0.0%
Manitoba	235	0.0%
Saskatchewan	185	0.0%
Prince Edward Island	35	0.0%
Newfoundland and Labrador	25	0.0%
Northwest Territories	10	0.0%
Nunavut	0	0.0%
Template:YK	0	0.0%
	165,095	0.5%

Culture

Noted representations of Haitian Canadian culture have included the novels of Dany Laferrière, and the television comedy series Lakay Nou.

See also

• Canada–Haiti relations
• Haitian Americans
• Haitian diaspora
• Haitians in Montreal
• Black Canadians in Montreal
• Roxham Road, unofficial border crossing used irregularly by many Haitians temporarily in the U.S. to seek asylum in Canada during 2017

External links

• The Haitian Community in Canada
• Multicultural Canada: Haitians
• Haitian Consulate General in Montreal
• Montreal International Haitian Film Festival
• Quebec Government Portal: Relations with Haiti
• Article on Haitian immigration to Quebec