Shigatse

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Shigatse, officially known as Xigazê (Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly, Wylie: gzhis ka rtse, ZYPY: xigazêTemplate:Main other) or Rikaze (Template:Lang-zh),[1][2] is a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its area of jurisdiction, with an area of Template:Convert, corresponds to the historical Ü-Tsang region of Tibet.

Overview

The administrative center of the prefecture-level city is the Samzhubzê District. It is roughly equivalent to the historical Shigatse urban center, the second-largest city in Tibet, located about Template:Convert southwest of Lhasa and home to the Tashilhunpo Monastery, traditionally the seat of the Panchen Lama.[3]

Some of the towns in the prefecture are: Gyantse (Gyantse County), Tingri (Tingri County), and Nyalam (Nyalam County).

On 11 July 2014 Shigatse Prefecture was upgraded into a prefecture-level city (the same status as Lhasa).[4]

File:NH-45-12 Jihkatse China.jpg
Map including Shigatse (Jih-k'a-tse) (DMA, 1973)

History

In the eighth century, the Tibetan Empire of Tibetan King Chisong Dezan invited Indian monk Padmasambhava into Tibet to build the Samye Mighur Lhundrub Tsula Khang, passing through the place of Rikaze where the practice of preaching, and predicated Lhasa as the center of snowy plateau followed by Nianmai (Shigatse). In the eleventh century the Sakya dynasty, Nianmai has initially begun urbanization.

In October 1959, Rikaze prefecture was established.[5] In 1970, Rikaze Prefecture was abolished and Rikaze District was established.[6] On 26 June 2014, by the State Council of the People's Republic of China agreed, the original Rikaze area abolished, the establishment of prefecture-level Shigatse city, the original county-level Shigatse city merged into the Sangzhuzi District. This was the second prefecture-level city established in the Tibet Autonomous Region.[7]

On 18 December 2014, prefecture-level Shigatse City was officially established.[8][9]

Population

According to the 2020 Chinese census, the resident population of the city was 798,153.[10] Compared to 703,292 in the 6th Chinese Census, there was a total increase of 94,861 or 13.49% in ten years, with an average annual growth rate of 1.27%. Among them, the male population was 416,384, accounting for 52.17% of the total population, while the female population was 381,769, accounting for 47.83% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females) was 109.07. The population aged 0–14 years was 209,900, accounting for 26.3% of the total population; the population aged 15–59 years was 516,838, accounting for 64.75% of the total population; and the population aged 60 years and above was 71,415, accounting for 8.95% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 years and above was 8.95%. 8.95% of the total population, of which 44,772 were aged 65 and above, accounting for 5.61% of the total population. The population living in towns and cities was 184,323, or 23.09% of the total population, while the population living in villages was 613,830, or 76.91% of the total population.

Ethnicity

Of the city's resident population, 42,501, or 5.32%, were Han Chinese; 748,443, or 93.77%, were Tibetans; and 7,209, or 0.9%, were other ethnic minorities. Compared with the 2010 Chinese Census, the Han population increased by 16,691, or 64.67%, and accounted for 1.66 percentage points of the total population; the populations of various ethnic minorities increased by 78,170, or 11.54%, and accounted for 1.66 percentage points of the total population. Among them, the Tibetan population increased by 76,779, an increase of 11.43%, accounting for a decrease of 1.73 percentage points in the proportion of the total population.[10]

Ethnic composition of Shigatse (November 2010)[11]
Ethnic Group Tibetan Han Kirghiz Hui Unidentified Ethnic Groups Kazakh Tu Dongxiang Manchu Hmong Other Ethnic Groups
Population 671664 25810 2669 1434 703 250 162 138 98 66 298
Proportion of total population (%) 95.50 3.67 0.38 0.20 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04
Proportion of ethnic minority population (%) 99.14 --- 0.39 0.21 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04

Transport

Rail

File:Shigatse Railway Station.jpg
Shigatse Railway Station

The Lhasa–Shigatse Railway connects Shigatse Railway Station with Lhasa and further connects with Qinghai via Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It takes about three hours to travel between Lhasa and Shigatse by train. It is possible to get back to Lhasa within the same day by train.[12]

Air

File:Shigatse Peace Airport.jpg
Shigatse Peace Airport

Shigatse Peace Airport began operations on 30 October 2010 after an Airbus A319 landed safely, making it Tibet's fifth commercial airport. It is located 43 kilometres from Samzhubzê District at Jangdam Township at an elevation of 3,782 metres. The airport will be capable of supporting 230,000 passengers annually by 2020.[13]

Shigatse Tingri Airport opened in December 2022.[14]

Road

China National Highway 318 and China National Highway 219 are the main roads in and out of Shigatse.[15][16][17]

Counties

Map

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Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Tibetan Wylie Population (2010 Census)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Area (km2) Density (/km2)
City proper
Samzhubzê District Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly bsam 'grub rtse chus 120,374 3,654 32.94
Rural
Namling County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly rnam gling rdzong 74,930 8,113 9.23
Gyantse County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly rgyal rtse rdzong 63,503 3,859 16.45
Tingri County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly ding ri rdzong 50,818 13,859 3.66
Sa'gya County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly sa skya rdzong 47,304 7,510 6.29
Lhatse County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly lha rtse rdzong 49,286 4,505 10.94
Ngamring County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly ngam ring rdzong 51,472 20,105 2.56
Xaitongmoin County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly bzhad mthong smon rdzong 42,280 13,960 3.02
Bainang County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly pa snam rdzong 42,551 2,806 15.16
Rinbung County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly rin spungs rdzong 27,826 2,123 13.10
Kangmar County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly khang dmar rdzong 20,522 6,165 3.32
Dinggyê County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly gding skyes rdzong 20,319 5,816 3.49
Zhongba County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly 'brong pa rdzong 22,147 43,594 0.50
Yadong County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly gro mo rdzong 12,920 4,306 3.00
Gyirong County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly skyid grong rdzong 14,972 9,009 1.66
Nyalam County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly gnya' lam rdzong 17,568 7,903 2.22
Saga County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly sa dga' rdzong 14,036 12,411 1.13
Kamba County Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Transliteration Template:Bo-textonly gam pa rdzong 10,464 3,936 2.65

Climate

Shigatse has an elevation-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dwb, Trewartha Dclo).

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Gallery

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

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Template:Xigaze Prefecture Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China Template:Township-level divisions of Shigatse Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Mapping the Tibetan World. Yukyasu Osada, Gavin Allwright, and Atushi Kanamaru. 1st edition 200. Reprint 2004. Kotan Books, Japan, pp. 109, 113.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ "Shigatse Travel" ChinaTour.net Template:Webarchive Accessed 21 April 2013
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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