Green toucanets

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Green toucanets[1] are near-passerine birds from the genus Aulacorhynchus in the toucan family. They are native to Mexico, and Central and South America. All are found in humid forests and woodlands in highlands, but a few also occur in adjacent lowlands.[2] They are relatively small toucans, Script error: No such module "convert". long, with colorful, mainly green, plumage.[2] They are typically seen in pairs or small groups, and sometimes follow mixed species flocks.[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

A major taxonomy review in 1974 resulted in 6 species in the genus Aulacorhynchus,[4] and this was adopted by virtually all later authorities.[2][5][6][7][8]

In 2001, it was suggested that A. prasinus, as traditionally defined, was a species complex that should be split into 7 different species based on preliminary morphological evidence.[9] This was to some extent supported by genetic evidence, which suggested that additional species should be recognized. As a result, A. griseigularis was split from in A. albivitta based on this early genetic evidence but these species are now lumped together again.[10][11]

Currently, there remains a considerable lack of consensus to support the IOC's latest taxonomy of Aulacorhynchus into eleven species.[12] Several authorities still maintain that the genus Aulacorhynchus has only 7 species and treat the remaining as subspecies.[7][8] The SACC has called for further genetic studies of this genus.[5]

Species

The genus Aulacorhynchus has eleven species considered to belong to the genus:

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Aulacorhynchus wagleri Wagler's toucanet Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca in south-western Mexico
File:Aulacorhynchus prasinus -perching on branch-8a.jpg Aulacorhynchus prasinus Emerald toucanet Mexico and Central America
File:Blue-throated Toucanet - Panama H8O8999.jpg Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis Blue-throated toucanet Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia
File:Aulacorhynchus albivitta (14458390459).jpg Aulacorhynchus albivitta White-throated toucanet Andes from western Venezuela, through Colombia to northern Ecuador
File:Aulacorhynchus atrogularis cyanolaemus - NBII.jpg Aulacorhynchus atrogularis Black-throated toucanet central Ecuador to western Bolivia
File:Aulacorhynchus sulcatus -Aragua State -Venezuela-8.jpg Aulacorhynchus sulcatus Groove-billed toucanet eastern Colombia and northern Venezuela
File:Chestnut-tipped Toucanet.JPG Aulacorhynchus derbianus Chestnut-tipped toucanet Colombia to central Bolivia
Aulacorhynchus whitelianus Tepui toucanet Guiana
File:CRTO Matthew-Gable.JPG Aulacorhynchus haematopygus Crimson-rumped toucanet Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela
Aulacorhynchus huallagae Yellow-browed toucanet east Andean slope in northern Peru.
File:Blue-banded Toucanet - Manu NP 8191 (16222847287).jpg Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis Blue-banded toucanet Bolivia and Peru.

References

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  1. ↑ Boyd, J. (2011). Ramphastidae: Toucans. Accessed 20 May 2011
  2. ↑ a b c Short, L. L., & Horne, J. F. M. (2002). Toucans (Ramphastidae). pp. 220-272 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2002). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 7 Jacamars to Woodpecker. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Template:ISBN
  3. ↑ Restall, R. L., Rodner, C., & Lentino, M. (2006). Birds of Northern South America. Christopher Helm, London. Template:ISBN (vol. 1). Template:ISBN (vol. 2).
  4. ↑ Haffer, J. (1974). Avian speciation in tropical South America. Publ. Nuttall Ornithol. Club 14: 1–390.
  5. ↑ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer (2011). A classification of the bird species of South America: Trogoniformes to Piciformes. Template:Webarchive American Ornithologists' Union. Accessed 25 May 2011
  6. ↑ Fjeldså, J., and Krabbe, N. (1990). Birds of the High Andes. Template:ISBN
  7. ↑ a b Dickinson, E. C., eds. (2003). The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3rd edition. Template:ISBN
  8. ↑ a b Clement, J. F. (2007, w. online updates). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World. 6th edition. Template:ISBN
  9. ↑ Navarro, A., Peterson, A., López-Medrano, E., and Benítez-Díaz, H. (2001). Species limits in Mesoamerican Aulocorhynchus Toucanets. The Wilson Bull. 113(4): 363-372
  10. ↑ Bonaccorso, E., Guayasamin, J. M., Peterson, A. T., and Navarro-Sigüenza, A. G. (2011). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Neotropical toucanets in the genus Aulacorhynchus (Aves, Ramphastidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  11. ↑ Puebla-Olivares, F., E. Bonaccorso, A. E. de los Monteros, K. E. Omland, J. E. Llorente-Bousquets, A. T. Peterson, and A.G. Navarro-Siguenza. (2008). Speciation in the Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) complex. The Auk. 125(1): 39-50.
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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