Grawlix
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Grawlix (Template:IPAc-en) or obscenicon is the use of typographical symbols to replace profanity. Mainly used in cartoons and comics,[1][2] it is used to get around language restrictions or censorship in publishing. At signs (@), dollar signs ($), number signs (#), ampersands (&), percent signs (%), and asterisks (*) are often used symbols.[3] The characters may resemble the letters they replace, such as "$" standing in for "S".[3]
History
The first known grawlix appeared in November 1, 1901 story of Gene Carr's comic strip Lady Bountiful, with the title "Lady Bountiful is Shocked", and continued to expand its usage throughout 1902 and 1903.[4] In December 12, 1902, The Katzenjammer Kids became the second comic to adapt grawlixes, among many other comic trends seen today.[4]
In 1964, American cartoonist Mort Walker popularizedTemplate:Efn the term "grawlix" in his article Let's Get Down to Grawlixes,[1][4] which he expanded upon in his book The Lexicon of Comicana.[4]
The emoji Template:Unichar represents a face with grawlixes over the mouth. It was proposed in 2016[5] and accepted into Unicode 10.0 in 2017.
In June 2018, the word 'grawlix' was added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary.[3][6]
In November 2022, Merriam-Webster and Hasbro added the word to the seventh edition of The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, citing familiarity among younger players.[7]
In March 2025, the word 'grawlix' was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.[8]
Etymology
A Merriam-Webster blog post states that the word grawlix was coined by cartoonist Mort Walker (creator of the comic strip Beetle Bailey) and may have originated from the word growl, which is a sound a person makes when they are angry.[3] Walker coined several words related to comic strip art, although he attributed the coinage of "grawlix" to Charles D. Rice of This Week magazine in Walker's book Backstage at the Strips.
Example
- "Come this fall, CBS will debut a 7:30 p.m. sitcom starring 79-year-old William Shatner. The title is $#*! My Dad Says. The opening profanity symbols (called grawlixes) will be pronounced "bleep," but we all know what it stands for."
— Michael Storey, The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, July 20, 2010
Notes
See also
References
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Further reading
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