Government of Nepal
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox executive government Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The Government of Nepal (Template:Langx) is the central executive authority of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The government is led by the prime minister (K.P. Oli since 15 July 2024) who selects all the other ministers. The country has had a coalition government since 2024 led by Communist party and Congress. Prior to the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2006, The Government officially known as His Majesty's Government.
The head of state is the president and the prime minister holds the position of the head of executive. The role of president is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the prime minister, who is appointed by the Parliament. The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by the president on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, with the exception of the attorney general, who is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister.
History
Old Bharadari government
The character of government in Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state capacity of the previous Gorkha hill principality, known as Bharadar.Template:RefnTemplate:Sfn These Bharadars were not drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance; Thar Ghan aristocratic group in the earlier Gorkha hill principality. Bharadars formed a consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as councillors, ministers and diplomats.Template:Sfn There was no one single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion.Template:Sfn Another reason was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule.Template:Sfn The government was stated to have been controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support.Template:Sfn In the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions: Thapas and Pandes.Template:Sfn As per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton, the government of NepalTemplate:Refn comprised
- 1 Chautariya
- 4 Kajis
- 4 Sirdar/Sardars
- 2 Subedars
- 1 Khazanchi
- 1 Kapardar.Template:Sfn
As for Regmi states, the government of Nepal comprised
- 4 Chautariyas
- 4 Kajis
- 4 Sirdar/Sardars.Template:Sfn Later, the number varied after King Rana Bahadur Shah abdicated his throne to minor son in 1799.Template:Sfn There were 95 Bharadars as per the copper inscription of King Rana Bahadur Shah.Template:Sfn
In 1794, King Rana Bahadur Shah came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal, had no official part to play.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Rana Bahadur appointed Kirtiman Singh Basnyat as Chief (Mul) Kaji among the newly appointed four Kajis though Damodar Pande was the most influential Kaji.Template:Sfn Kirtiman had succeeded Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief KajiTemplate:Sfn while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief (Mul) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah by a Chhetri Queen Subarna Prabha Devi.Template:Sfn Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari DeviTemplate:Sfn and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, was then given the post of Chief (Mul) Kaji.Template:Sfn Later Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Chief Kaji.Template:Sfn When the exiled abdicated King Rana Bahadur Shah prepared his return in 1804, he arrested many government officials including then Chief Kaji Damodar Pande and sacked the reigning government. He took over the administration of Nepal by assuming the position of Mukhtiyar (chief authority).Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn A new government was constituted with favoring officials. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Later in April 1806, tensions arose between Chief Chautariya Sher Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar Rana Bahadur Shah on the night of 25 April 1806 during a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's houseTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn where around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar, also allies of Bhimsen.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati riverTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn after which Kaji Bhimsen killed 55 senior officials to benefit from the chaos.Template:Sfn He was declared Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal and led the new government from a royal mandate of minor King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah.Template:Sfn
Mukhtiyars ruled over the executive and administrative functions of the state until its replacement by British conventional prime minister in 1843 conferred upon then ruling Mukhtiyar Mathabar Singh Thapa.[1]
Ideals of the old Bharadari government
The policies of the old Bharadari governments were derived from ancient Hindu texts as Dharmashastra and Manusmriti.Template:Sfn The King was considered as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and was the chief authority over legislative, judiciary and executive functions.Template:Sfn The judiciary functions were decided on the principles of Hindu Dharma codes of conduct.Template:Sfn The king had full rights to expel any person who offended the country and also pardon the offenders and grant return to the country.Template:Sfn The government on practicality was not an absolute monarchy due to the dominance of Nepalese political clans making the Shah monarch a puppet ruler.Template:Sfn These basic Hindu templates provide the evidence that Nepal was administered as a Hindu state.
Structure
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Head of State
Executive
- Prime Minister : KP Sharma Oli
- Chief Secretary : Lila Devi Gadtaula
Legislative
- Speaker of House of Representatives : Dev Raj Ghimire[2]
- Chairman of National Assembly : Narayan Prasad Dahal[3]
Judiciary
- Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Bishowambhar Prasad Shrestha
- Judges of the Supreme Court of Nepal
Government agencies in Nepal
Ministries
Current cabinet : Fourth Oli cabinet
Date of formation : 15 July 2024
Constitutional bodies
| Constitutional body | Head of constitutional body | |
|---|---|---|
| Position/Title | Name | |
| Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority | Chief Commissioner | Prem Kumar Rai |
| Office of The Attorney General | Attorney General | Dinmani Pokharel |
| Office of the Auditor General | Auditor General | Tanka Mani Sharma (Dangal) |
| Election Commission | Chief Election Commission | Dinesh Thapaliya |
| Public Service Commission | Chairman | Madhav Prasad Regmi |
| National Women Commission | Chairperson | Kamala Kumari Parajuli |
| National Human Rights Commission | Chairman | Top Bahadur Magar |
| National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission | Chairman | Balananda Poudel |
Security services
| Security Service | Head of agency | |
|---|---|---|
| Position/Title | Current Head | |
| Nepal Army | Chief of Army Staff (प्रधान सेनापति) | Gen. Prabhu Ram Sharma |
| Nepal Police | Inspector General (प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक) | Basanta Bahadur Kunwar |
| Armed Police Force | Inspector General (सशस्त्र प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक) | Raju Aryal |
| National Investigation Department | Chief Investigation Director | Hutaraj Thapa |
International organisation participation
United Nations, UNDP Nepal, SAARC, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WTO, BIMSTEC.
See also
Notes
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References
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Works cited
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External links
- Official website (archived 5 October 2017)
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