Gonystylus
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Gonystylus is a southeast Asian genus of about 30 species of hardwood trees also known as ramin, melawis (Malay) and ramin telur (Sarawak).
Description
Ramin is native to Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, with the highest species diversity on Borneo. It is related to Arnhemia, Deltaria, Lethedon and Solmsia.[1]
Ramin is a medium-sized tree, attaining a height of about 24 m (80 ft) with a straight, clear (branch-free), unbuttressed bole about 18 m (60 ft) long and 60 cm (2 ft) in diameter. The trees are slow-growing, occurring mainly in swamp forests.[2]
Species
Template:As of The Plant List recognises 32 accepted species:[3]
- Gonystylus acuminatus Template:Au
- Gonystylus affinis Template:Au
- Gonystylus areolatus Template:Au
- Gonystylus augescens Template:Au
- Gonystylus bancanus Template:Au
- Gonystylus borneensis Template:Au
- Gonystylus brunnescens Template:Au
- Gonystylus calophylloides Template:Au
- Gonystylus calophyllus Template:Au
- Gonystylus confusus Template:Au
- Gonystylus consanguineus Template:Au
- Gonystylus costalis Template:Au
- Gonystylus decipiens Template:Au
- Gonystylus eximius Template:Au
- Gonystylus forbesii Template:Au
- Gonystylus glaucescens Template:Au
- Gonystylus keithii Template:Au
- Gonystylus lucidulus Template:Au
- Gonystylus macrocarpus Template:Au
- Gonystylus macrophyllus Template:Au
- Gonystylus maingayi Template:Au
- Gonystylus micranthus Template:Au
- Gonystylus nervosus Template:Au
- Gonystylus nobilis Template:Au
- Gonystylus othmanii Template:Au
- Gonystylus pendulus Template:Au
- Gonystylus punctatus Template:Au
- Gonystylus reticulatus Template:Au
- Gonystylus spectabilis Template:Au
- Gonystylus stenosepalus Template:Au
- Gonystylus velutinus Template:Au
- Gonystylus xylocarpus Template:Au
Uses
The white wood, harder and lighter in colour than many other hardwoods, is often used in children's furniture, window blinds, dowels, handles, blinds, and decorative mouldings.
Because of its straight, clear grain, nowadays it is commonly used in Venice for the construction of oars.
However, over-exploitation has led to all species of ramin being listed as endangered species,[4] particularlyTemplate:Clarify in IndonesiaScript error: No such module "Unsubst". and Malaysia.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". An estimated 90% of ramin in recent international trade is illegally logged.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".As the ramin forests themselves come under attack, the fragile ecosystems they support are also at risk. These trees provide the main habitat for other priority species such as the orangutan and the Indochinese, Sumatran and Malayan tigers.[5][6]
Sumatra
Sumatra's peat swamp forests are an important habitat for ramin trees. The Sumatran ramin tree species are CITES protected species. The logging and trade of ramin has been illegal in Indonesia since 2001. Internationally, any illegal trade in Indonesian ramin is prohibited under the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Indonesian government maps show that 800,000ha (28%) of Sumatra's peat swamp forest was cleared between 2003 and 2009. Some 22% of this clearance was in areas currently allocated to APP's log suppliers.[7]
See also
References
Template:More citations needed Template:Reflist
External links
Template:Woodworking Template:Taxonbar
- ↑ Beaumont, A. J., T. J. Edwards, J. Manning, O. Maurin, M. Rautenbach, M. C. Motsi, M. F. Fay, M. W. Chase, and M. Van Der Bank. (2009) Gnidia (Thymelaeaceae) Is Not Monophyletic: Taxonomic Implications for Thymelaeoideae and a Partial New Generic Taxonomy for Gnidia.” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (4): 402–17.
- ↑ Ramin - The Wood Database
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ The Ramin Paper Trail Asia Pulp & Paper Under Investigation - Part 2 Greenpeace March 1, 2012
- ↑ The Ramin Paper Trail Greenpeace March 1, 2012